On the Boundaries of Race
Identification of Mixed-heritage Children in the United States, 1960 to 2010
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 2423027 |
|---|---|
| Authors | C A Liebler (0000-0003-3615-7838, University of Minnesota, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2016 |
| Volume | 2 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 548-568 |
| Publication date | 2016-10-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Sociology of Race and Ethnicity (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2332-6492 • E-ISSN: 2332-6506 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/2332649216632546 |
| OpenAlex | W2327693507 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 26 |
| References cited | 65 |
Socially constructed race groups have boundaries that define their membership. I study temporal trends and group-specific patterns in race and ancestry responses provided for children of interracial marriages. Common responses indicate contemporary definitions of race groups (and perhaps emerging groups); uncommon responses reveal socially defined limits of race group membership. I leverage dense, nonpublic, Census Bureau data from 1960 to 2010 to do this and include a more diverse set of families, a longer time span, and more accurate estimates than prior research. I find that the location of race group boundaries varies over time and across 11 distinct family types. Since mixed-heritage responses became possible in 1980, they have been common in most groups. Part Asians have almost always been reported as multiracial or mixed ancestry. A number of (non-Asian) mixed-heritage children are described as monoracial on the census form, particularly children with American Indian heritage. Over time, part whites are decreasingly reported as monoracially white (white race with no nonwhite ancestry). Black heritage is reported for part blacks, but monoracial black responses became nonmodal by 1980. Part Pacific Islanders show similarities to part Asians and part American Indians. Given the predominance of multiracial and mixed-ancestry Asian responses since 1980, Asian multiracial may be an emerging socially recognized race category. Black multiracial shows a similar pattern. Monoracial responses (especially common among white-American Indians and black-American Indians) create important but hard-to-measure complexity in groups' compositions
Asian americans · Census · Ethnic group · Geography · Pacific islanders · Population · Race (biology · Sociology · White (mutation · Anthropology · Demography · Gender Studies · Migration and Labor Dynamics · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
Multiracial young adults’ experiences of Whiteness as a wage and tax
On the boundaries of ethnicity
Rethinking mixed heritage in an era of superdiversity
Racial Pairings and Fertility
Shifting legibility
“I wish I didn’t look so White”
Who counts as multiracial
One drop on the move
Three Decades of Multiracial Identity Research
The Racial Identification of Young Adults in a Racially Complex Society
Differences in the Risk of Grade Retention for Biracial and Monoracial Students in the United States, 2010 to 2019
The Double-Edged Nature of Whiteness for Multiracial People with White Ancestry in the US and UK
What Motivates Mixed Heritage People to Assert Their Ancestries
Clinical Sociology and Mixedness
Changing self-identification among immigrants in the United States
America’s Churning Races
Trends in the Racial and Ethnic Classification of Mixed‐Heritage Children in the United States, 2000–2022
The Fluidity of Racial Classifications
Mixed-Race Ancestry ≠ Multiracial Identification
Counting America's First Peoples
Boundary Blurring? Racial Identification among the Children of Interracial Couples
Is there evidence of 'whitening' for Asian/White multiracial people in Britain
Who is your fate linked to? Racial discrimination predicting linked fate among people with mixed-race ancestry
Ethnic registration and tertiary-level education of children of mixed native couples
Follow Father or Mother? Understanding the Monoethnic Identification of Biethnic Children in China
"Generational change and how we conceptualize and measure multiracial people and "mixture
White by Law
Mixed Blood
Human Nature and the Social Order
Assimilation in American life
Changing Face, Changing Race
Borderlands/La Frontera
Multiracial Americans and Social Class
Politics of Multiracialism, The
From Black to Biracial
The Multiracial Experience
A Necessary Evil
Assimilation paths of immigrant children
The End of the One-Drop Rule? Labeling of Multiracial Children in Black Intermarriages
Remarriage, Delayed Marriage, and Black/White Intermarriage, 1968–1995
Genetic Bio-Ancestry and Social Construction of Racial Classification in Social Surveys in the Contemporary United States
Social Boundary Mechanisms
Options
How 4.5 Million Irish Immigrants Became 40 Million Irish Americans
Beyond Black
The Ethnic Responses of Whites
Multiracial Identity Integration
Ethnic Options
Between black and white Exploring the “Biracial” Experience
From bi-racial to tri-racial
Place, scale and the racial claims made for multiracial children in the 1990 US Census
Racial categories matter because racial hierarchies matter
Human Nature and the Social Order
Strangers From A Different Shore
Urban American Indian Identity
Who is Multiracial? Assessing the Complexity of Lived Race
Interracial Families and the Racial Identification of Mixed- Race Children
Reinventing the Color Line Immigration and America's New Racial/Ethnic Divide
Multiracial Self-Identification and Adolescent Outcomes
Will "Multiracial" Survive to the Next Generation
Real Indians
The Racial Identification of Biracial Children with One Asian Parent
Pacific Islander Americans and Multiethnicity
Persistence and Change in Asian Identity among Children of Intermarried Couples
What Does 'White' Mean? Interpreting the Choice of 'Race' by Mixed Race Young People in Britain
Probing Change in Racial Self-identification
Rethinking Multiracial Formation in the United States
The Racial Triangulation of Asian Americans
Changing Patterns of Interracial Marriage in a Multiracial Society
Socially Embedded Identities
The Hybrid in Hawaii as a Marginal Man
Human Migration and the Marginal Man
Measuring ethnicity
Disrupting the 'melting pot
Pondering Poi Dog
Introduction
Ethnicity and race as 'symbolic
Land, labour and group formation
Choosing race
Homelands and indigenous identities in a multiracial era
Ties on the fringes of identity
| Unique citing works | 26 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,89 |
| Citation span | 2017 - 2026 (10) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 25 |