Why language revitalization fails

Revivalist vs. traditional ontologies of language in Provence

Bibliographic Data

ID2902175
AuthorsJames Costa (0000-0002-2317-2804, corresponding author)
Year2025
Volume54
Issue3
Pages569-589
Publication date2025-06-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueLanguage in Society (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0047-4045 • E-ISSN: 1469-8013
PublisherCambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1017/s0047404524000204
OpenAlexW4393493110
LanguageEN
Citations received5
References cited21

This article asks why the Occitan language revitalization movement, which began in the 1850s, failed to convince the vast majority of Occitan speakers. Traditional explanations focus on social conflict, alienation, and diglossic ideologies. While essential elements, they may not provide a full account. Challenging the idea that patois is just a derogatory term pinned on what is in fact a language, this article proposes to take seriously the claim by traditional speakers that a patois is not a language. Drawing on fieldwork in Provence and historical data, I propose that the divergence is fundamentally ontological, revealing sharp differences that suggest that patois and language are indeed two separate things. The language movement's reduction of the patois/language issue to one of labels helps explain why traditional speakers and language advocates have been talking past each other for 150 years, raising practical questions for language movements worldwide. (Patois, occitan, ontologies of language, language revitalization, linguistic natures

Divergence (linguistics · Etymology · Cultural Identity and Heritage · Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies · Medieval European Literature and History

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Open DOIOpen Access