Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

The Political Context of Sentencing

An Analysis of Community and Individual Determinants

Bibliographic Data

ID2985736
AuthorsR Helms, Ronald G Helms (Western Washington University), D Jacobs (0000-0002-6079-8427), David R Jacobs (0000-0002-7232-0543, The Ohio State University, corresponding author)
Year2002
Volume81
Issue2
Pages577-604
Publication date2002-12-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocial Forces (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0037-7732 • E-ISSN: 1534-7605
PublisherOxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1353/sof.2003.0012
OpenAlexW2157200108
LanguageEN
Citations received72
References cited49

Most studies of jail or prison sentence length focus on whether offender characteristics produce sentencing differentials after legal effects have been controlled, but the findings in the literature have not been consistent, probably because most studies have been based on a few jurisdictions. To see if political effects explain these discrepancies, this study of 337 jurisdictions in seven states analyzes interaction effects between external political influences and offender attributes after holding constant multiple individual and environmental factors. To adjust for censoring, Tobit is used to analyze the length of sentences, while state differences are held constant with state-specific dummy variables. When interaction terms are not included, the results are consistent with prior research. But the inclusion of political interactions produces findings suggesting that African Americans and males receive longer sentences when local courts are embedded in conservative political environments where a law-and-order presidential candidate received more votes. These results support theoretical claims that punishment is an intensely political process

Censoring (clinical trials) · Context (archaeology) · Econometrics · Economics · Geography · Political science · Politics · Presidential system · Punishment (psychology) · Sentence · Tobit model · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis · Law · Psychology · Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending · Social Psychology

  • Bail and Pretrial Detention

    Open Access•Katherine Hood, D Schneider•RSF The Russell Sage Foundation…•2019

  • Evaluating public perceptions of the risk presented by registered sex offenders

    Kelly M Socia, Andrew Harris et al.•Psychology Public Policy and Law•2016

  • Ideology, Social Threat, and the Death Sentence

    D Jacobs, David R Jacobs et al.•Social Forces•2004

  • Multilevel Models

    Andrew S Fullerton, Michael Wallace et al.•Handbooks of Sociology and Social…•2010

  • The Political Sociology of Criminal Justice

    David R Jacobs, David Jacobs•Handbooks of Sociology and Social…•2010

  • Criminal Prosecutions

    Lauren O’Neill Shermer, Brian D Johnson•Justice Quarterly•2010

  • Opening Pandora’s Box

    Besiki Luka Kutateladze, Nancy Rita Andiloro et al.•Justice Quarterly•2016

  • A Multilevel Test of Minority Threat Effects on Sentencing

    Open Access•Xia Wang, Daniel P Mears•Journal of Quantitative Criminology•2010

  • A Multilevel Analysis of Community Effects on Criminal Sentencing

    Noelle E Fearn•Justice Quarterly•2005

  • Racial/Ethnic Threat and Federal Sentencing

    Open Access•Ben Feldmeyer, J T Ulmer•Journal of Research in Crime and…•2011

  • Managing the Boundaries of Taste

    R Light, Colin Odden•Social Forces•2017

  • Testing the interrelationship between area deprivation and ethnic disparities in sentencing

    Open Access•Jose Pina-Sánchez, Ana Morales et al.•Analyses of Social Issues and…•2025

  • Developing a Complete Sentence Severity Scale using Extended Goodman RC models

    Open Access•Stephanie Wallace, Brian Francis•Journal of Quantitative Criminology•2024

  • Revisiting the Minority Threat Perspective

    Laura Beckman, Xia Wang•Justice Quarterly•2022

  • Parole, Neighborhood and Reentry Outcomes

    Open Access•Lin Liu•International Journal of Offender…•2021

  • Tackling selection bias in sentencing data analysis

    Open Access•Jose Pina-Sánchez, John Paul Gosling•Quality & Quantity•2020

  • Determinants of case outcomes in Rwanda's postgenocide gacaca courts

    Open Access•Hollie Nyseth Nzitatira, Jared Edgerton et al.•Criminology•2026

  • The Black Effect

    Open Access•Tri Keah S Henry•Crime & Delinquency•2021

  • Examining American Indian Disadvantage

    Open Access•Erica Redner-Vera•Crime & Delinquency•2025

  • Political pressure and information bias in arrests hearings in Mexico city

    Open Access•Carlos Silva Forné, Alejandra Armesto•International journal of law,…•2024

  • The Origins of Mass Incarceration

    Open Access•Katherine Beckett, Megan Ming Francis•Annual Review of Law and Social…•2020

  • How do county-level ethno-racial composition and residential segregation influence pretrial decisions? Results from a multi-level, multi-decade study

    Open Access•Joshua H Williams, Paige E Vaughn et al.•Punishment & Society•2024

  • Social control and neglect at a crossroads

    Open Access•Paige E Vaughn, Joshua H Williams•Punishment & Society•2026

  • The Impact of Political Context on Local Law Enforcement Resourcing

    Ronald Helms•Policing & Society•2007

  • Development of Groundwater Markets in China

    Open Access•Lijuan Zhang, Jinxia Wang et al.•World Development•2008

  • Gender and “Other People's Money”

    Kristy Holtfreter•Women & Criminal Justice•2013

  • Ending Mass Incarceration

    Katherine Beckett•Ending Mass Incarceration•2022

  • Censored Regression in Response to the Distributional Realities of Crime and Justice Measures

    C Sullivan, Christopher J Sullivan et al.•Journal of Criminal Justice…•2010

  • Temporal analyses of American Indian disadvantage

    Open Access•Erica Redner-Vera, Erica N Redner-Vera•Journal of Criminal Justice•2025

  • What is theoretical support? Explanation as a central barometer in sentencing research

    Open Access•Bryan Holme, Bryan Holmes et al.•Journal of Criminal Justice•2026

  • Race and Revocation

    Michael Tapia, Patricia M Harris•Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal…•2006

  • Inequality on probation

    Kevin F Steinmetz, Howard Henderson•Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal…•2016

  • Decomposition of Racial Differences in Sentencing

    Steven C Bourassa, Viviana Andreescu•Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal…•2009

  • Predicting Preadjudication Detention Decisions

    Tana Mccoy, Jeffrey T Walker et al.•Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal…•2012

  • Clouding climate science

    Open Access•R Light, Nicholas Theis et al.•Social Networks•2023

  • Punishing the Wrongdoers

    Ethan C Stokes, Stacy H Haynes et al.•Sociological Focus•2020

  • The Legacy of Slavery and Mass Incarceration

    Aaron Gottlieb, Kalen Flynn•Social Service Review•2021

  • On the Politics of Imprisonments

    Open Access•David R Jacobs, David Jacobs et al.•Annual Review of Law and Social…•2010

  • Sentencing in light of collateral consequences

    Open Access•Stephanie Bontrager Ryon, Ted Chiricos et al.•Journal of Criminal Justice•2017

  • Community influence on prosecutorial dismissals

    Open Access•Travis W Franklin•Journal of Criminal Justice•2010

  • Modeling the politics of punishment

    Open Access•Ronald Helms•Journal of Criminal Justice•2009

  • Gender, race/ethnicity and prediction

    Open Access•Whitney Threadcraft-Walker, Melody Mitchell Threadcraft et al.•Journal of Criminal Justice•2018

  • Sentencing policy and disparity

    Open Access•Matthew S Crow, Marc Gertz•Journal of Criminal Justice•2008

  • Sentencing disparities for juvenile offenders sentenced to adult prisons

    Open Access•Jason T Carmichael•Journal of Criminal Justice•2010

  • Is All Punishment Local? The Effects of Jurisdictional Context on Sentence Length

    Open Access•Elsa Y Chen•Social Science Quarterly•2013

  • Criminal Threat, Immigrant/Minority Threat, and Political Ideology

    Open Access•S E Costanza, Ronald Helms et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2020

  • Sentencing Rationales and Judicial Decision Making at the International Criminal Tribunals

    Open Access•James Meernik•Social Science Quarterly•2011

  • The Power of Diversion

    Open Access•Brian D Johnson, Stephanie M Dipietro•Criminology•2012

  • Back‐end Sentencing” and Reimprisonment

    Open Access•Jeffrey Lin, Ryken Grattet et al.•Criminology•2010

  • The Multilevel Context of Criminal Sentencing

    Open Access•Brian D Johnson•Criminology•2006

  • Contextual Disparities in Guidelines Departures

    Open Access•Brian D Johnson•Criminology•2005

  • The Juvenile Penalty

    Open Access•Megan C Kurlychek, Brian D Johnson•Criminology•2004

  • Punishing the “Model Minority”

    Open Access•Brian D Johnson, SARA BETSINGER•Criminology•2009

  • The Social Context of Guidelines Circumvention

    Open Access•Brian D Johnson, J T Ulmer et al.•Criminology•2008

  • Political Climate, Voter Suppression Policies and Federal Sentencing Outcomes

    Open Access•Jeffrey S Nowacki, Danielle Creech et al.•The British Journal of Criminology•2020

  • Politics and State Punitiveness in Black and White

    Jeff Yates, Richard C Fording et al.•The Journal of Politics•2005

  • Understanding the place of punishment

    Open Access•Katherine Beckett, Lindsey Beach et al.•Law & Policy•2021

  • Justice by Other Means

    Open Access•Jeffrey Lin, Ryken Grattet et al.•Law & Policy•2012

  • Does Racial Balance in Workforce Representation Yield Equal Justice? Race Relations of Sentencing in Federal Court Organizations

    Open Access•Geoff Ward, Amy Farrell et al.•Law & Society Review•2009

  • Sentencing and State-Level Racial and Ethnic Contexts

    Open Access•Xia Wang, Daniel P Mears•Law & Society Review•2015

  • Race, gender, and place

    Open Access•Christopher Kleps•Law & Society Review•2022

  • Who Survives on Death Row? An Individual and Contextual Analysis

    Open Access•David R Jacobs, David Jacobs et al.•American Sociological Review•2007

  • Status Disparities in the Capital of Capital Punishment

    Open Access•Scott W Phillips, Scott Phillips•Law & Society Review•2009

  • The Penology of Racial Innocence

    Open Access•Naomi Murakawa, Katherine Beckett•Law & Society Review•2010

  • The Model Minority Myth for Noncitizen Immigration Offenses and Sentencing Outcomes

    Open Access•Jawjeong Wu, Dae-Young Kim•Race and Justice•2014

  • Racial Disparities in Pretrial Diversion

    Open Access•Traci Schlesinger•Race and Justice•2013

  • Expanding the Castle

    Open Access•Vincent Ferraro, Saran Ghatak•Sociological Perspectives•2019

  • Proliferation of Punishment

    Open Access•Ilya Slavinski, Becky Pettit•Social Problems•2022

  • Social Organization, Collective Sentiment, and Legal Sanctions in Murder Cases

    Eric P Baumer, Kimberly H Martins et al.•American Journal of Sociology•2013

  • Less Crime, More Punishment

    M Cooney, Callie H Burt•American Journal of Sociology•2008

  • Single Mother Families and Industrial Pollution in Metropolitan America

    L Downey•Sociological Spectrum•2005

  • A Long Road to Freedom

    Patrick Rafail, Margaret Mahoney•Sociological Quarterly•2019

  • Chain Reaction

    Mary D Edsall•Chain Reaction•1992

  • Ethnicity, race, and crime

    Darnell Felix Hawkins•Ethnicity, race, and crime•1995

  • Taming the System

    Samuel Walker•Taming the system•1993

  • Punishment and Social Structure

    Georg Rusche, Otto Kirchheimer et al.•Punishment and Social Structure•1939

  • The Culture of Control

    David Garland•Culture of Control•2001

  • The Changing Forms of Racial/Ethnic Biases in Sentencing

    Open Access•Marjorie S Zatz•Journal of Research in Crime and…•1987

  • Sex effects and sentencing

    Kathleen Daly, Rebecca L Bordt•Justice Quarterly•1995

  • A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity

    Halbert White•Econometrica•1980

  • Discipline and Punish

    Michel Foucault, Simon Prebble•Surveiller et punir•2019

  • Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations

    H M Blalock•Toward a Theory of Minority Group…•1973

  • The Social Contexts of Criminal Sentencing

    Open Access•Martha A Myers, Martha A Myers Braxton M Alfred et al.•Social Contexts of Criminal…•1987

  • Social Threat and Social Control

    Allen E Liska•Social Threat and Social Control•1992

  • Punishment and Modern Society

    David Garland•Punishment and Modern Society•1990

  • Policing the Ghetto Underclass

    William J Chambliss•Social Problems•1994

  • Labor Surplus and Punishment

    Theodore G Chiricos, Miriam A Delone•Social Problems•1992

  • The Rules Have Changed‐so Proceed With Caution

    Open Access•J T Ulmer•Criminology•2000

  • The Dialectics of Legal Repression

    Rosemary S Bannan, Isaac D Balbus•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1975

  • The Interaction of Race, Gender, and Age in Criminal Sentencing

    Open Access•Darrell Steffensmeier, J T Ulmer et al.•Criminology•1998

  • Race, Racial Threat, and Sentencing of Habitual Offenders

    Open Access•Charles Crawford, Ted Chiricos et al.•Criminology•1998

  • Gender and Imprisonment Decisions

    Open Access•Darrell Steffensmeier, John H Kramer et al.•Criminology•1993

  • Determinate Sentencing and Abolishing Parole

    Open Access•Thomas B Marvell, Carlisle E Moody•Criminology•1996

  • State Revenue Extraction from Different Income Groups

    Michael Patrick Allen, Michael Allen et al.•American Sociological Review•1994

  • Race and the War on Crime

    Pamela Irving Jackson, Leo Carroll•American Sociological Review•1981

  • Global and National Sources of Political Protest

    J Walton, C C Ragin et al.•American Sociological Review•1990

  • Budgets, Institutions, and Change

    Greg A Caldeira, Andrew T Cowart•American Journal of Political…•1980

  • Changing Conceptions of Race

    Ruth D Peterson, J Hagan•American Sociological Review•1984

  • Racial Discrimination in Criminal Sentencing

    Gary Kleck•American Sociological Review•1981

  • Perceptions of Racial Group Competition

    Lawrence D Bobo, Lawrence Bobo et al.•American Sociological Review•1996

  • Inequality and Police Strength

    David R Jacobs, David Jacobs•American Sociological Review•1979

  • Socioeconomic Status and Criminal Sentences

    D F Greenberg•American Sociological Review•1977

  • On Methodology, Theory and Ideology

    Charles E Reasons•American Sociological Review•1977

  • The Sex-Sanctioning Issue

    Candace Kruttschnitt, Donald E Green•American Sociological Review•1984

  • Immigrants, Urban Politics, and Policing in 1900

    M Craig Brown, Michael Brown et al.•American Sociological Review•1992

  • A Longitudinal Study of the Effect of Race on Sentencing

    Open Access•Charles R Pruitt, James Q Wilson•Law & Society Review•1983

  • Political Participation and Government Responsiveness

    Open Access•James H Kuklinski, John E Stanga•American Political Science Review•1979

  • The Supreme Court as a Countermajoritarian Institution? The Impact of Public Opinion on Supreme Court Decisions

    Open Access•William Mishler, Reginald S Sheehan•American Political Science Review•1993

  • Attitudes toward Cohabitation, Family, and Gender Roles

    Open Access•Diane N Lye, Ingrid Waldron•Sociological Perspectives•1997

  • The Impact of Gender-Based Family Roles on Criminal Sentencing

    Gayle S Bickle, Ruth D Peterson•Social Problems•1991

  • Modeling the Relationships Between Macro Forms of Social Control

    Allen E Liska•Annual Review of Sociology•1997

  • Race and Imprisonment Decisions

    Open Access•John H Kramer, John Kramer et al.•Sociological Quarterly•1993

  • Imprisonment and Social Classification in Five Common-Law Democracies, 1955-1985

    John R Sutton•American Journal of Sociology•2000

  • The Determinants of Deadly Force

    David R Jacobs, David Jacobs et al.•American Journal of Sociology•1998

  • Toward a Political Model of Incarceration

    David R Jacobs, David Jacobs et al.•American Journal of Sociology•1996

  • Macroeconomics, Economic Stratification, and Partisanship

    Stephen E Hayne, Stephen E Haynes et al.•American Journal of Sociology•1994

  • Knowledge, Domination, and Criminal Punishment

    J J Savelsberg•American Journal of Sociology•1994

  • Perspectives on the Legal Order

    Allen E Liska, Joseph J Lawrence et al.•American Journal of Sociology•1981

Unique citing works72
Citations per year3,27
Citation span2004 - 2026 (23)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 69
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae