Forms, Frequency, and Correlates of Perceived Anti-Atheist Discrimination
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 3067232 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Joseph H Hammer (0000-0002-4028-5878, Iowa State University, corresponding author), R T Cragun (0000-0002-8217-5116, University of Tampa, corresponding author), Karen Hwang (IST Research, corresponding author), Jesse M Smith (0000-0002-3675-108X, University of Colorado System, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2012 |
| Volume | 1 |
| Pages | 43 |
| Publication date | 2012-10-16 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Secularism and Nonreligion (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2053-6712 • E-ISSN: 2053-6712 |
| Publisher | Ubiquity Press (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.5334/snr.ad |
| OpenAlex | W2163985943 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 85 |
| References cited | 78 |
The nationally representative 2008 American Religious Identification Survey found that 41% of self-identified atheists reported experiencing discrimination in the last 5 years due to their lack of religious identification. This mixed-method study explored the forms and frequency of discrimination reported by 796 self-identified atheists living in the United States. Participants reported experiencing different types of discrimination to varying degrees, including slander; coercion; social ostracism; denial of opportunities, goods, and services; and hate crime. Similar to other minority groups with concealable stigmatized identities, atheists who more strongly identified with their atheism, who were “out” about their atheism to more people, and who grew up with stricter familial religious expectations reported experiencing more frequent discrimination. Implications for future research tied to the ongoing religion/spirituality-health debate are discussed
Atheism · Denial · Ostracism · Political science · Psychoanalysis · Religious discrimination · Spirituality · Law · Medicine · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Religion and Society Interactions · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology · Religious studies · Social Psychology
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Atheists
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Hate Crime
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| Unique citing works | 85 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 7,08 |
| Citation span | 2014 - 2026 (13) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 84 |