Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Power Over Presence

Women's Representation in Comprehensive Peace Negotiations and Gender Provision Outcomes

Bibliographic Data

ID3300591
AuthorsElizabeth Good (0000-0003-2880-6017, Northwestern University, corresponding author)
Year2025
Volume119
Issue3
Pages1099-1114
Publication date2025-08-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueAmerican Political Science Review (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0003-0554 • E-ISSN: 1537-5943
PublisherCambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1017/s000305542400073x
OpenAlexW4402135564
LanguageEN
Citations received8
References cited89

The Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) sector assumes increasing the number of women involved in peace negotiations drives better outcomes for local women. However, empirical support for this assumption is inconsistent. This article tests how power alters the relationship between women's formal (Track 1) involvement in peace negotiations and the inclusion of women-specific provisions in peace agreements. Using an original dataset comprised of 2,299 Track 1 delegates involved in 116 comprehensive peace agreements finalized between 1990 and 2021, I find women's involvement in peace negotiations is positively correlated to comprehensive agreements containing provisions for women. However, this correlation is dependent on women holding positions of power-simply having women in the room is insufficient. This article offers a novel quantitative approach to WPS studies, provides nuance to theories linking descriptive and substantive representation, and casts doubt on the longstanding assumption that increasing women's involvement inherently enhances gender equality

Gender equality · Negotiation · Physics · Political science · Politics · Power (physics · Representation (politics · Sociology · Gender Politics and Representation · Gender Studies · Gender, Security, and Conflict · Historical Gender and Feminism Studies · Law · Psychology

  • Powerful or Powerless? The Influence of Gender Advocates in Peace Negotiations

    Open Access•Elizabeth Good, Alexandra K McAuliff•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2026

  • The cost of legislative campaign expenditures on achieving 30% women's representation in DPRD

    Open Access•Ferinandus Leonardo Snanfi, Diego R De Fretes et al.•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2026

  • ‘At the table’ and beyond

    Open Access•Maggie LoWilla, Munyaradzi Mapfumo•Gender & Development•2026

  • Civil War Induced Social Rupture and Transformative Changes

    Open Access•Madhav Joshi•International Journal of Politics…•2025

  • How Peace Treaties Can Influence Countries’ Climate Policies

    Open Access•Tobias Böhmelt•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2025

  • Institutionalized but Under Implemented

    Open Access•Miriam J Anderson, Brian R Urlacher et al.•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2025

  • Including Perspectives of Women Using ICTs to Promote Peace in the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon

    Open Access•Laura Gianna Guntrum, Emile Sunjo et al.•Africa Spectrum•2026

  • A Voice at the Table

    Open Access•Kristen Aanstoos•Politics & Gender•2025

  • Representing Women

    Beth Reingold•Representing Women•2000

  • Women and Guerrilla Movements

    Open Access•Karen Kampwirth•Women & guerilla movements•2002

  • Engendering Transitions

    Georgina Waylen•Engendering Transitions•2007

  • The Logics of Gender Justice

    M Htun, Laurel Weldon et al.•Logics of Gender Justice•2018

  • Violence against Women in Politics

    Mona Lena Krook•Violence Against Women in Politics•2020

  • The Impact of Women in Congress

    Debra L Dodson•The Impact of Women in Congress…•2006

  • New Labour's Women MPs

    Sarah Childs•New Labour's Women MPs•2004

  • War, Women, and Power

    Marie E Berry•War, Women, and Power•2018

  • Women and Power in Postconflict Africa

    Open Access•A M Tripp•Women and Power in Postconflict…•2015

  • Mainstreaming Gender in UN Security Policy

    Open Access•Carol Cohn•Global Governance•2008

  • The Difference Between “Significant” and “Not Significant” is not Itself Statistically Significant

    Andrew Gelman, Hal Stern et al.•The American Statistician•2006

  • Civil Society and Peace Negotiations

    Open Access•Thania Paffenholz•Negotiation Journal•2014

  • Engendering the Right to Participate in Decision-making

    Open Access•M Htun, Mala N Htun et al.•Gender and the Politics of Rights…•2002

  • Why Women Rebel

    Anne Henshaw, Alexis Henshaw et al.•Why Women Rebel•2016

  • Peacebuilding in Postconflict Societies

    Ho-Won Jeong, Ho‐Won Jeong•Peacebuilding in Postconflict…•2005

  • Gender Power, Leadership, and Governance

    Open Access•Rita Mae Kelly, Georgia Duerst-Lahti et al.•Gender power, leadership, and…•1995

  • Gender Diversity in the Boardroom and Firm Performance

    Open Access•Jasmin Joecks, Kerstin Pull et al.•Journal of Business Ethics•2012

  • The Politics of Presence

    A Phillips•The politics of presence•1998

  • Does Their Difference Make a Difference? The Impact of Women on Public Policy in Arizona Legislature

    Open Access•Michelle A Saint‐germain, Axel A Elling et al.•1989

  • A seat at the table is not enough

    Kara Ellerby•Peacebuilding•2016

  • Soft ways of doing hard things’

    Open Access•Catherine Turner•Peacebuilding•2019

  • Women at the Table

    Open Access•Levke Aduda, Johanna Liesch•Journal of Global Security Studies•2021

  • Underenforcement and Intersectionality

    Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, E Rooney•International Journal of…•2007

  • Here for the Right Reasons

    Open Access•Elizabeth L Brannon, Rebecca H Best•International Studies Review•2022

  • Seeking Inclusion, Breeding Exclusion? The UN’s wps Agenda and the Syrian Peace Talks

    Marie-Joëlle Zahar•International Negotiation•2023

  • From Peace Talks to Parliaments

    Miriam J Anderson, Marc Y Valade•International Negotiation•2022

  • Peace Negotiations as Sites of Gendered Power Hierarchies

    Alexandra K McAuliff•International Negotiation•2022

  • I Wouldn’t Want to Be a Gender Expert

    Open Access•Jenna Sapiano, Gina Heathcote et al.•International Negotiation•2022

  • Women and Peace Negotiations

    Miriam J Anderson, Galia Golan•International Negotiation•2023

  • Feminist Action at the Negotiation Table

    Elizabeth S Corredor•International Negotiation•2022

  • Anchoring the Peace

    David Nilsson•International Interactions•2012

  • Women’s Participation in Peace Negotiations and the Durability of Peace

    Jana Krause, Werner Krause et al.•International Interactions•2018

  • (En)gendered Security? The Complexities of Women's Inclusion in Peace Processes

    Kara Ellerby•International Interactions•2013

  • Instituting Gender

    Mark Considine, Iva Ellen Deutchman•Women & Politics•1996

  • The Heart of the Matter

    Valerie M Hudson, Mary Caprioli et al.•International Security•2009

  • Uncovering the Dimensionality of Gender Voting in Congress

    Open Access•Noelle H Norton•Legislative Studies Quarterly•1999

  • Are Women Legislators Less Effective? Evidence from the U.S. House in the 103rd-105th Congress

    Open Access•Alana S Jeydel, Alana Jeydel et al.•Political Research Quarterly•2003

  • Gender, power, and peace

    Kimberly Cowell-Meyers, Kimberly B Cowell-Meyers•Women & Politics•2001

  • Understanding the effects of larger ratios of women in national legislatures

    Ann Towns, Ann E Towns•Women & Politics•2003

  • Governing Well after War

    Sarah Shair-Rosenfield, Robert Muir Wood et al.•The Journal of Politics•2017

  • The Impact of Women on State Legislative Policies

    Sue Thomas•The Journal of Politics•1991

  • "Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent "Yes

    Joanna Mansbridge, Jane Mansbridge•The Journal of Politics•1999

  • All the President’s Men? The Appointment of Female Cabinet Ministers Worldwide

    Mona Lena Krook, Diana Z O’brien•The Journal of Politics•2012

  • From a Small to a Large Minority

    Open Access•Drude Dahlerup•Scandinavian Political Studies•1988

  • Peace Accords and the Adoption of Electoral Quotas for Women in the Developing World, 1990–2006

    Open Access•Miriam J Anderson, L Swi•Politics & Gender•2014

  • Gender and “Peace Work

    Open Access•Sarai B Aharoni, Sarai Aharoni•Politics & Gender•2011

  • The Story of the Theory of Critical Mass

    Drude Dahlerup•Politics & Gender•2006

  • War, Revolution, and the Expansion of Women’s Political Representation

    Open Access•A M Tripp•Politics & Gender•2023

  • Critical Mass Theory Revisited

    Kathleen A Bratton•Politics & Gender•2005

  • Critical Mass, Deliberation and the Substantive Representation of Women

    Open Access•Paul Chaney•Political Studies•2006

  • Determinants of Collaborative Leadership

    Cindy Simon Rosenthal•Political Research Quarterly•1998

  • Sheer Numbers

    Karen Beckwith, Kimberly Cowell-Meyers et al.•Perspectives on Politics•2007

  • Does women’s descriptive representation matter for policy preferences? The role of political parties

    Open Access•Ana Espírito-Santo, André Freire et al.•Party Politics•2020

  • Are Women More Likely to Vote for Women's Issue Bills than Their Male Colleagues

    Open Access•Michele L Swers•Legislative Studies Quarterly•1998

  • When Tokens Matter

    Open Access•Jocelyn Elise Crowley•Legislative Studies Quarterly•2004

  • The Effects of Gender on Congressional Behavior and the Substantive Representation of Women

    Open Access•Arturo Vega, Juanita M Firestone•Legislative Studies Quarterly•1995

  • Towards inclusive peace

    Open Access•Jacqui True, Yolanda Riveros-Morales•International Political Science…•2019

  • Gendered Realities of the Immunity Principle

    Open Access•Laura Sjoberg•International Studies Quarterly•2006

  • Does a critical mass exist? A comparative analysis of women's legislative representation since 1950

    Open Access•Donley T Studlar, I Mcallister•European Journal of Political…•2002

  • Women's Representational Role in Australia and Canada

    Manon Tremblay•Australian Journal of Political…•2003

  • Too Spineless to Rebel? New Labour's Women MPs

    Open Access•Patrick Cowley, Philip Cowley et al.•British Journal of Political…•2003

  • Women’s Inclusion in the Malian Peace Negotiations

    Open Access•Jenny Lorentzen•Swiss Political Science Review•2020

  • Women’s Participation in Informal Peace Processes

    Anjali Kaushlesh Dayal, Agathe Christien•Global Governance A Review of…•2020

  • Power in International Politics

    Michael Barnett, Raymond Duvall•International Organization•2005

  • The Study of Critical Junctures

    Open Access•Giovanni Capoccia, R Daniel Kelemen•World Politics•2007

  • Peace Agreements or Pieces of Paper? The Impact of Unsc Resolution 1325 on Peace Processes and Their Agreements

    Open Access•Christine Bell, Cristín O’rourke et al.•International and Comparative Law…•2010

  • Parliament is another terrain of struggle

    Open Access•Gisela Geisler•The Journal of Modern African…•2000

  • Peace agreements and women's political rights following civil war

    Open Access•Lindsay Reid•Journal of Peace Research•2021

  • Gendered Conflict

    Open Access•Mary Caprioli•Journal of Peace Research•2000

  • Women and the Afghan peace and reintegration process

    Open Access•Althea-Maria Rivas, Mariam Safi•International Affairs•2022

  • The UN and women's marginalization in peace negotiations

    Open Access•Andrea Schneiker•International Affairs•2021

  • Congressional Enactments of Race-Gender

    Open Access•Mary Hawkesworth•American Political Science Review•2003

  • Sisters Are Doing It for Themselves

    Open Access•J‐l Thomas•American Political Science Review•2024

  • Female Officials in the Feminist Capital

    Janet A Flammang•The Western Political Quarterly•1985

  • Woman Candidates and Support for Feminist Concerns

    Open Access•Susan J Carroll•The Western Political Quarterly•1984

  • Barriers to Women's Progress After Atrocity

    Open Access•Marie E Berry•Gender & Society•2017

  • Multiple Imputation for Missing Data

    Open Access•P D Allison•Sociological Methods & Research•2000

Unique citing works8
Citations per year8
Citation span2025 - 2026 (2)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 7

Tools

Open DOIOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae