Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

What Do You Mean, "What Does It All Mean?" Atheism, Nonreligion, and Life Meaning

Bibliographic Data

ID3343536
AuthorsD Speed (0000-0001-7033-2068, University of New Brunswick, corresponding author), Thomas J Coleman (0000-0002-3003-5090, Coventry University), Joseph Langston (0000-0002-6026-0272, United States Air Force Academy)
Year2018
Volume8
Issue1
Publication date2018-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSAGE Open (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2158-2440 • E-ISSN: 2158-2440
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/2158244017754238
OpenAlexW2789408978
LanguageEN
Citations received33
References cited53

Nonreligion is often thought to be commensurate with nihilism or fatalism, resulting in the perception that the nonreligious have no source of meaning in life. While views to this effect have been advanced in various arenas, no empirical evaluation of such a view has been conducted. Using data from the 2008 American General Social Survey ( N = ~1,200), we investigated whether atheists, the religiously unaffiliated, and persons raised religiously unaffiliated were more likely than theists, the religiously affiliated, and persons raised with a religious affiliation to report greater levels of fatalism, nihilism, and the perception that meaning in life is self-provided. Results suggested that these groups did not differ with regard to fatalism or nihilism. However, atheists and the religiously unaffiliated (but not persons raised in a religiously unaffiliated household) were more likely to indicate that meaning in life was endogenous-that is, self-produced. While atheists and the nonreligious differed from their counterparts on source of meaning in life, this was not associated with any "penalty" for overall existential meaning

Atheism · Epistemology · Existentialism · Fatalism · Nihilism · Psychotherapist · Purpose in life · Theism · Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion · Philosophy · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction · Psychology · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology · Religious studies · Social Psychology

  • Religiously Disaffiliated, Religiously Indifferent, or Believers without Religion? Morphology of the Unaffiliated in Argentina

    Open Access•Juan Cruz Esquivel•Religions•2021

  • Altruistic Atheists

    Open Access•Phil Zuckerman, Sophie Myers•Secularism and Nonreligion•2025

  • Worlds apart? Atheist, agnostic, and humanist worldviews in three European countries

    Tatjana Schnell, Elpine M De Boer et al.•Psychology of Religion and…•2023

  • Focusing on the nonreligious reveals secular mechanisms underlying well-being and prosociality

    Luke W Galen•Psychology of Religion and…•2018

  • An introduction to atheism, agnosticism, and nonreligious worldviews

    Thomas J Coleman, Ralph W Hood et al.•Psychology of Religion and…•2018

  • Breaking the Spell

    Konrad Szocik, Kyle J Messick•Method & Theory in the Study of…•2020

  • An Atheist Perspective on Self-Esteem and Meaning Making while under Death Awareness

    Thomas J Coleman, Kenan Sevinç et al.•Secular Studies•2019

  • Religious Faith and Life Purpose

    Open Access•Cindy Miller-Perrin, Cindy Miller‐Perrin•Purpose in Life As Ancient but…•2025

  • The Role of Spirituality and Religiosity in Subjective Well-Being of Individuals With Different Religious Status

    Open Access•Daniela Villani, Angela Sorgente et al.•Frontiers in Psychology•2019

  • Atheists on the Santiago Way

    Open Access•Miguel Farias, Thomas J Coleman et al.•Sociology of Religion•2019

  • The Beliefs of Nonbelievers

    Open Access•J Blankholm, R T Cragun et al.•Sociology of Religion•2025

  • Spirituality of Science

    Open Access•Jesse L Preston, Thomas J Coleman et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2025

  • Life’s Meaning and Religion in Contemporary Europe

    Matija Kržan•Fieldwork in Religion•2022

  • Meaning-making and well-being among exiters of religious fundamentalism

    Andreea Nica•Journal of Contemporary Religion•2024

  • Prayers and Mindfulness in Relation to Mental Health among First-Generation Immigrant and Refugee Muslim Women in the USA

    Open Access•Karisse Callender, Karisse A Callender et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2022

  • Throw Babe Out With the Bathwater? Canadian Atheists are No Less Healthy than the Religious

    Open Access•D Speed•Journal of Religion and Health•2022

  • Godless in the Great White North

    Open Access•D Speed•Journal of Religion and Health•2022

  • Changes in Spiritual but Not Religious Identity and Well-Being in Emerging Adulthood in the United States

    Open Access•Laura Upenieks, Ludovic J Wrobel et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2022

  • Religiously/Spiritually Involved, but in Doubt or Disbelief—Why? Healthy

    Open Access•Adam J Mrdjenovich•Journal of Religion and Health•2019

  • If not belief in God, then what? Identifying factors that contribute to well-being among Polish nonbelievers

    Open Access•Paweł Łowicki, Sally B Barker•Archive for the Psychology of…•2024

  • I am growing, but I don’t give up”

    Open Access•Eric Y Aglozo, Charity S Akotia et al.•Archive for the Psychology of…•2024

  • When Help Harms and Meaning Matters

    Lachlan Crammond, Sarah Halliday et al.•The Journal of Psychology•2026

  • Testing the religion/spirituality-mental health curvilinear hypothesis using data from many-analysts religion project

    Luke W Galen, Luke Galen et al.•Religion Brain & Behavior•2025

  • The association of telomere length and religiosity

    Benjamin R Doolittle, Katherine Carroll Britt et al.•Biodemography and Social Biology•2025

  • Can spirituality and long-term orientation relate to workplace identity? An examination using SEM

    Open Access•M M Sulphey•International Journal of…•2021

  • El género importa

    Open Access•Sol Prieto, Verónica Giménez Bé Béliveau et al.•Ciencias Sociales y Religión•2025

  • Cross-cultural adaptation and search for evidence of validity of the brazilian version of the nonreligious-nonspiritual scale (NRNSS)

    Open Access•André Gadelha-Weyne, Ícaro Moreira Costa et al.•Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica•2025

  • More than Nothing

    Open Access•C P Scheitle, Katie E Corcoran•Review of Religious Research•2020

  • The Relevance of Frankl's Logotherapy for Today and the Future

    Open Access•Şevki Kıralp•Religions•2025

  • Systems of Global Meaning in Atheists and Theists

    Open Access•Crystal L Park, Zachary E Magin et al.•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2025

  • A Complex Simplicity

    Open Access•Katharina Pöhls•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2021

  • What Makes Life Meaningful? Combinations of Meaningful Commitments Among Nonreligious and Religious Americans

    Open Access•P Edgell, Mahala Miller et al.•Sociology of Religion•2023

  • Making Meaning without a Maker

    Open Access•Jesse M Smith, Caitlin L Halligan et al.•Sociology of Religion•2021

  • The psychology of religion and coping

    Kenneth I Pargament•The psychology of religion and…•1997

  • Meaning in Life

    Michael F Steger, Patricia Frazier et al.•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2005

  • The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe)

    Tatjana Schnell•The Journal of Positive Psychology•2009

  • The Sense of Divine Control and the Self-Concept

    Open Access•Schieman, Scott Schieman et al.•Research on Aging•2005

  • Beyond the Search for Meaning

    Open Access•Laura A King, Samantha J Heintzelman et al.•Current Directions in Psychological…•2016

  • The Oxford Handbook of Atheism

    Bullivant, Stephen Bullivant et al.•The Oxford Handbook Of Atheism•2013

  • The sacred canopy

    Peter L Berger•The sacred canopy•1990

  • Learned faith

    Will M Gervais, Maxine B Najle•Psychology of Religion and…•2015

  • Extending Religion-Health Research to Secular Minorities

    Open Access•Karen Hwang, Joseph H Hammer et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2009

  • Unbelievable?! Theistic/Epistemological Viewpoint Affects Religion–Health Relationship

    Open Access•D Speed•Journal of Religion and Health•2017

  • Good for All? Hardly! Attending Church Does Not Benefit Religiously Unaffiliated

    Open Access•D Speed, Ken Fowler•Journal of Religion and Health•2017

  • Health and Well-Being Among the Non-religious

    Open Access•R David Hayward, N Krause et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2016

  • Linking Religion and Spirituality with Psychological Well-being

    Open Access•Itai Ivtzan, Christine P L Chan et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2013

  • Belonging without Believing

    Leslie J Francis, M Robbins•Implicit Religion•2004

  • Exploring the atheist personality

    Catherine L Caldwell-Harris, Angela L Wilson et al.•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2011

  • Mental well-being in the religious and the non-religious

    Luke William Galen, James D Kloet•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2011

  • Psychological perspectives on religion and religiosity

    Kate M Loewenthal•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2015

  • Experimental Personality Designs

    Open Access•Stephen G West, Leona S Aiken et al.•Journal of Personality•1996

  • Understanding atheism/non-belief as an expected individual-differences variable

    Catherine L Caldwell-Harris•Religion Brain & Behavior•2012

  • Which functions assumed to be religious and spiritual in nature are ultimately attributable or reducible to purely secular mechanisms

    Luke W Galen, Luke Galen•Religion Brain & Behavior•2017

  • Religion and the Sense of Control among U.S. Adults

    C G Ellison, Amy M Burdette•Sociology of Religion•2012

  • Making sense of the meaning literature

    Crystal L Park•Psychological Bulletin•2010

  • Meaning-Making in an Atheist World

    Open Access•Tatjana Schnell, William J F Keenan et al.•Archive for the Psychology of…•2011

  • Atheism, Secularity, and Well‐Being

    Open Access•Phil Zuckerman•Sociology Compass•2009

  • Research Note

    Lois Lee•Journal of Contemporary Religion•2012

  • Overlapping Mental Magisteria

    Luke W Galen, Luke Galen•Method & Theory in the Study of…•2017

  • Strong beliefs and coping in old age

    Open Access•PETER J WILKINSON, Peter G Coleman•Ageing and Society•2010

  • Scientific faith

    Open Access•Miguel Farias, Anna-Kaisa Newheiser et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2013

  • None Too Simple

    Open Access•J O Baker, Buster G Smith et al.•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2009

  • A Terror Management Analysis of the Psychological Functions of Religion

    Open Access•Kenneth E Vail, Zachary K Rothschild et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2009

  • Modeling the Religious Field

    Heinz Streib, Ralph W Hood•Implicit Religion•2013

  • On the relation between meaning in life and psychological well-being

    Open Access•Sheryl Zika, Kerry Chamberlain•British Journal of Psychology•1992

  • Faith Factors and Internal Health Locus of Control in Patients Prior to Open-heart Surgery

    Open Access•Amy L Ai, Christopher Peterson et al.•Journal of Health Psychology•2005

  • Do Formal Religious Participation and Spiritual Perceptions Have Independent Linkages with Diverse Dimensions of Psychological Well-Being

    Open Access•Emily A Greenfield, George E Vaillant et al.•Journal of Health and Social…•2009

  • Becoming a Religious None

    Open Access•Joel Thiessen, Wilkins-Laflamme et al.•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2017

Unique citing works33
Citations per year4,13
Citation span2018 - 2026 (9)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 27

Tools

Open DOISci-HubOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae