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Work-Related Psychological Wellbeing

Testing the Balanced Affect Model among Anglican Clergy

Bibliographic Data

ID3417422
AuthorsLeslie J Francis (0000-0003-2946-9980, University of Warwick, corresponding author), Leslie Francis, Patrick Laycock, P J Laycock (0000-0001-5273-5226, University of Manchester), Christine Brewster (0009-0001-1801-3809, Wrexham University)
Year2017
Volume8
Issue7
Pages118
Publication date2017-06-28
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueReligions (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2077-1444 • E-ISSN: 2077-1444
PublisherMDPI AG (PUBLISHER • IT)
DOI10.3390/rel8070118
OpenAlexW2726741887
LanguageEN
Citations received28
References cited44

Poor work-related psychological health and professional burnout remain issues of concern among clergy across denominations and across cultures. Maslach's three-component model of burnout remains the most frequently employed conceptualization and measure in clergy research. Maslach proposes a sequential model of burnout. An alternative approach has been offered by the Francis Burnout Inventory that comprises two components. Francis proposes a balanced affect model of burnout according to which negative affect (emotional exhaustion) is offset by positive affect (satisfaction in ministry). This study draws on data provided by around 658 clergy serving in the Church of England to test this balanced affect model. Employing independent measures of burnout, the data demonstrated the significance of the interaction term between positive affect and negative affect in predicting individual differences in burnout. In other words, as positive affect increases the effects of negative affect decrease

Burnout · Christian ministry · Conceptualization · Emotional exhaustion · Job satisfaction · Theology · Clinical Psychology · Health, psychology, and well-being · Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout · Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior · Psychology · Social Psychology

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    Open Access•Andrew Village, Leslie J Francis•Journal of Religion and Health•2026

  • A Replication Study Testing the Construct Validity and Internal Consistency Reliability of the Francis Burnout Inventory Revised Among Catholic Priests in Italy

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, Giuseppe Crea et al.•Pastoral Psychology•2026

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    Leslie J Francis, Giuseppe Crea et al.•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2021

  • Introducing The Index of Balanced Affect Change (Tibach)

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, Andrew Village•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2021

  • Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Francis Burnout Inventory for application among Christian clergy in Brazil

    Open Access•Janaína Mengal Gomes Fabri, Leslie J Francis et al.•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2026

  • Assessing the impact of a cathedral pre-Christmas son et lumiere on participants’ psychological wellbeing and spiritual health

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, Andrew Casson et al.•Journal of Beliefs and Values•2025

  • Measuring Ministry-Specific Stress and Satisfaction

    Open Access•Wanda M Malcolm, Karen L Coetzee et al.•Journal of Psychology and Theology•2019

  • The Complexity of Assessing Ministry-Specific Satisfaction and Stress

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  • Self-Regard in Pastoral Ministry

    Open Access•Cameron Lee, Aaron Rosales•Journal of Psychology and Theology•2020

  • God is in His Heaven, All’s Right With the World

    Open Access•Andrew Village, Leslie J Francis•Journal of Psychology and Theology•2023

  • Well-Being and Help-Seeking of Baptist Ministers and Spouses in the United States

    Open Access•Kristen Kansiewicz, Michell L Temple et al.•Journal of Psychology and Theology•2026

  • The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Work-Related Psychological Health Among Anglican Clergy in Wales

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, Neville J Emslie et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2019

  • Assessing the Power of the Hexaco to Predict Professional Burnout Among Catholic Priests in Italy

    Open Access•Giuseppe Crea, Leslie J Francis et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2025

  • Engaging the AQ10 to Predict Professional Burnout or Poor Work-Related Psychological Wellbeing Among Anglican Clergy in Wales

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, Alison B Sailer et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2024

  • Work-Related Psychological Wellbeing of Catholic Priests in Portugal

    Open Access•Janaína Mengal Gomes Fabri, Leslie J Francis et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2025

  • Work-Related Psychological Wellbeing and Conservative Christian Belief Among Methodist Circuit Ministers in Britain

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, John M Haley et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2023

  • Assessing Signs of Burnout Among Recently Ordained Stipendiary Anglican Curates In England

    Open Access•Greg Smith, Leslie J Francis et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2024

  • Wellbeing and perceptions of receiving support among Church of England clergy during the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Andrew Village, Leslie J Francis•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2021

  • Testing the Francis Burnout Inventory among Anglican clergy in England

    Leslie J Francis, Patrick Laycock et al.•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2019

  • Critical Review of Caring for Our Shepherds

    Open Access•Nikolaos Souvlakis•Pastoral Psychology•2025

  • You Can’t Be Sad and Show It”—Understanding the Psychological Well-Being of Clergy in Ghana

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  • The Effects of Role Differentiation Among Clergy

    Open Access•Thomas V Frederick, Yvonne Thai et al.•Pastoral Psychology•2023

  • Psychological Type, Emotional Temperament, and Burnout Among Catholic Priests in Brazil

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, Janaína Mengal Gomes Fabri et al.•Pastoral Psychology•2025

  • The Effect of Meaning in Life and Emotional Intelligence on Work-Related Psychological Well-Being Among Roman Catholic Priests in Indonesia

    Open Access•Kurniawan Dwi Madyo Utomo, Robertus Pius Manik et al.•Pastoral Psychology•2024

  • Psychological Predictors of Professional Burnout among Priests, Religious Brothers, and Religious Sisters in Italy

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, Giuseppe Crea•Pastoral Psychology•2021

  • Connection Between Perceived Resilience and Work-Related Psychological Wellbeing Among Anglican Clergy in Wales

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, Ursula Mckenna et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2026

  • Coping with Pastoral Burnout Using Christian Contemplative Practices

    Open Access•Thomas V Frederick, Yvonne Thai et al.•Religions•2021

  • Is There a Crisis in Clergy Health

    Open Access•Anna Holleman, D E Eagle•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2023

  • Psychological Well-Being Scale

    Nicholas Bradburn•PsycTESTS Dataset•2014

  • The Burdens of Rural Ministry

    Leslie J Francis, Patrick Laycock et al.•Research in the Social Scientific…•2015

  • The Relationship between Work-Related Psychological Health and Psychological Type among Canadian Baptist Clergy

    Janet Durkee-Lloyd•Journal of Empirical Theology•2016

  • Taking Responsibility for Multiple Churches

    M Robbins, Leslie J Francis•Journal of Empirical Theology•2014

  • The Relationship between Work-Related Psychological Health and Psychological Type among Clergy Serving in The Presbyterian Church (USA)

    Keith Wulff, Leslie J Francis et al.•Journal of Empirical Theology•2008

  • Spirituality and Burnout

    Open Access•Jonathan Golden, Ralph L Piedmont et al.•Journal of Psychology and Theology•2004

  • Burnout among Dutch Reformed Pastors

    Open Access•Will J G Evers, Will Evers et al.•Journal of Psychology and Theology•2003

  • Loneliness, Marital Adjustment and Burnout in Pastoral and Lay Persons

    Open Access•Janelle Warner, John D Carter•Journal of Psychology and Theology•1984

  • Clergy Motivation and Occupational Well-being

    Open Access•Peter Parker, Philip D Parker et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2011

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    Open Access•Benjamin R Doolittle•Journal of Religion and Health•2010

  • Assessing the Effectiveness of Support Strategies in Reducing Professional Burnout Among Clergy Serving in The Presbyterian Church (USA)

    Leslie J Francis, M Robbins et al.•Practical Theology•2013

  • Examining Thoughts About Leaving the Ministry Among Anglican Clergy in England and Wales

    Kelvin J Randall, Kelvin Randall•Practical Theology•2013

  • Work-related psychological health and psychological type

    Leslie J Francis, Giueppe Crea•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2015

  • Burnout and coping among parish-based clergy

    Benjamin R Doolittle•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2007

  • Burnout in the first year of ministry

    Maureen Miner, Maureen H Miner•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2007

  • The relationship between attitude toward prayer and professional burnout among Anglican parochial clergy in England

    Douglas W Turton, Leslie J Francis•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2007

  • Dogs, cats and Catholic parochial clergy in England and Wales

    Leslie J Francis, Douglas W Turton et al.•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2007

  • Examining the relationship between burnout and age among Anglican clergy in England and Wales

    Kelvin J Randall, Kelvin Randall•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2007

  • Changes in burnout over the first 12 months in ministry

    Maureen Miner, Maureen H Miner•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2007

  • Work-related psychological health among clergywomen in Australia

    M Robbins, Leslie Francis et al.•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2012

  • The Relationship Between Personality, Burnout, and Engagement Among the Indian Clergy

    Eugene Newman Joseph, Patrick Luyten et al.•International Journal for the…•2011

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    Open Access•D J W STRÜMPFER, J Bands•South African Journal of Psychology•1996

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    Open Access•Kelvin J Randall, Kelvin Randall•Pastoral Psychology•2013

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    Open Access•Christopher J Adams, Holly Hough et al.•Pastoral Psychology•2016

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    Open Access•Stephen G Virginia•Pastoral Psychology•1998

  • Burnout and Depression Among Catholic Priests in India

    Open Access•Antony Raj, Karol E Dean•Pastoral Psychology•2005

  • The Relationship of Clergy Burnout to Self-Compassion and Other Personality Dimensions

    Open Access•Laura Barnard, Laura K Barnard et al.•Pastoral Psychology•2011

  • Pastoral Burnout and the Impact of Personal Spiritual Renewal, Rest-taking, and Support System Practices

    Open Access•Diane J Chandler•Pastoral Psychology•2008

  • Occupational Burnout Levels of Turkish Imams

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  • Burnout among Roman Catholic Parochial Clergy in England and Wales

    Leslie J Francis, Stephen H Louden et al.•Review of Religious Research•2004

  • Burnout as a Predictor of Leaving Anglican Parish Ministry

    Kelvin J Randall, Kelvin Randall•Review of Religious Research•2004

  • The Factor Structure of a Measure of Burnout Specific to Clergy, and Its Trial Application with Respect to Some Individual Personal Differences

    Peter Hill, Peter Hills et al.•Review of Religious Research•2004

  • Work-Related Psychological Health among Clergy Serving in the Presbyterian Church (USA)

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, Andrew Village et al.•Review of Religious Research•2011

  • Assessing the Incremental Validity of the Religious Problem-Solving Scale in the Prediction of Clergy Burnout

    Thomas E Rodgerson, Ralph L Piedmont•Journal for the Scientific Study…•1998

Unique citing works28
Citations per year4
Citation span2019 - 2026 (8)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 24

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