The Creation of the Imperial Military Reserve Association in Japan
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 3629285 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Richard J Smethurst (corresponding author) |
| Year | 1971 |
| Volume | 30 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 815-828 |
| Publication date | 1971-08-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | The Journal of Asian Studies (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0021-9118 • E-ISSN: 1752-0401 |
| Publisher | Duke University Press (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.2307/2052989 |
| OpenAlex | W2145148045 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 5 |
| References cited | 11 |
In 1910, a group or army officers led by Tanaka Giichi founded die Imperial Military Reserve Association in order to integrate Japanese society around military values. The founders, mostly proteges of Yamagata Aritomo, die chief Meiji period spokesman for unity to increase national wealdi and power, established die organization in 1910 because the already existing unity was under attack. Labor organizations and the influx of morally degenerate and subversive Western ideas caused Tanaka to fear army-civilian alienation and national divisiveness. Thus, to achieve integration, the reserve association disseminated the "soldier's ethos," military ideals, such as obedience, frugality, bravery, cooperation, social stratification, anti-individualism, and diligence, all unified by a belief in a divine emperor, established branches in every community, 14,000 in all, and carried out activities which reinforced both the values and local social structure. The three million volunteer members, half of whom had no military experience, achieved their leaders' goals by performing public services and patriotic activities. They demonstrated to local residents die ethos in action and benefitted the community as well. By the 1930's, bodi die organization and die members had become the backbone of rural Japan
Ancient history · Diligence · Economics · Emperor · Ethos · Frugality · Management · Obedience · Political science · Power (physics) · Sociology · Theology · Chinese history and philosophy · History · Japanese History and Culture · Law · Psychology · Social Psychology
Sources of the Japanese tradition
Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey
Democracy and the Party Movement in Prewar Japan
Japan's Quest for Autonomy
Changing Japanese Attitudes Toward Modernization
Asian Revolutionary
Changing Japanese Attitudes Toward Modernization
Japan's Quest for Autonomy. National Security and Foreign Policy 1930-1938
| Unique citing works | 3 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,09 |
| Citation span | 1973 - 2010 (38) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 4 |