Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Imagining Twitter as an Imagined Community

Bibliographic Data

ID3756541
AuthorsAnatoliy Gruzd (0000-0003-2366-5163, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, corresponding author), B Wellman (0000-0001-6340-8837, University of Toronto), Yuri Takhteyev (University of Toronto)
Year2011
Volume55
Issue10
Pages1294-1318
Publication date2011-10-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueAmerican Behavioral Scientist (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0002-7642 • E-ISSN: 1552-3381
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/0002764211409378
OpenAlexW2057134971
LanguageEN
Citations received160
References cited47

The notion of "community" has often been caught between concrete social relationships and imagined sets of people perceived to be similar. The rise of the Internet has refocused our attention on this ongoing tension. The Internet has enabled people who know each other to use social media, from e-mail to Facebook, to interact without meeting physically. Into this mix came Twitter, an asymmetric microblogging service: If you follow me, I do not have to follow you. This means that connections on Twitter depend less on in-person contact, as many users have more followers than they know. Yet there is a possibility that Twitter can form the basis of interlinked personal communities-and even of a sense of community. This analysis of one person's Twitter network shows that it is the basis for a real community, even though Twitter was not designed to support the development of online communities. Studying Twitter is useful for understanding how people use new communication technologies to form new social connections and maintain existing ones

Advertising · Business · Internet privacy · Media studies · Microblogging · Online community · Political science · Public relations · Sense of community · Social media · Social science · Sociology · The Internet · World Wide Web · Complex Network Analysis Techniques · Computer Science · Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence · Social Media and Politics

  • Delegitimization as Populist Rhetoric

    Open Access•Yumeng Jing•International Journal of Politics…•2026

  • Living in digital space

    Open Access•Züleyha ÖZBAŞ ANBARLI•Communication & Society•2021

  • Building a peace we don’t know? The power of subjunctive technologies in digital peacebuilding

    Open Access•Andreas T Hirblinger•Peacebuilding•2022

  • The Social World of Twitter

    Open Access•Daniele Quercia, Licia Capra et al.•Proceedings of the International…•2021

  • The Secret Self

    Aleix Tura Vecino•Short Fiction in Theory and…•2018

  • Using Social Media as a Tool for Improving Academic Performance through Collaborative Learning in Malaysian Higher Education

    Open Access•Waleed Mugahed Al-Rahmi, Mohd Shahizan Othman et al.•Review of European Studies•2015

  • Friendship and trust in the social surveillance network

    Open Access•Harriet Westcott, Stephen Owens et al.•Surveillance & Society•2013

  • Tweet against Nazis? Twitter, power, and networked publics in anti-fascist protests

    Open Access•Christina Neumayer, Bjarki Valtysson•MedieKultur Journal of media and…•2013

  • National Reconciliation in the Age of New Social Media

    Open Access•Douaa Sheet•Cultural Anthropology•2023

  • Twitter E Mobilização Social Na Venezuela

    Open Access•Elias Said-Hung, Jorge Valencia Cobos et al.•Revista Brasileira de Ciências…•2017

  • Tapping Into a New Stream of (Personal) Data

    Open Access•Arthur D Santana, Toby Hopp•Journalism & Mass Communication…•2016

  • Communicative Figurations

    Andreas Hepp, Andreas Breiter et al.•Communicative Figurations•2018

  • Online Communities

    Open Access•Anatoliy Gruzd•Encyclopedia of Social Network…•2014

  • Topology of Online Social Networks

    Open Access•Kon Shing Kenneth Chung, Mahendra Piraveenan et al.•Encyclopedia of Social Network…•2014

  • Studying and Researching with Social Media

    Megan Poore•Studying and Researching with…•2014

  • Making Games

    Stefan Werning•Making Games•2021

  • For You, or For"You"?

    Open Access•Ellen Simpson, Bryan Semaan•Proceedings of the ACM on…•2021

  • Knock, Knock . Who's There? The Imagined Audience

    Eden Litt•Journal of Broadcasting &…•2012

  • Where in the World Are You? Geolocation and Language Identification in Twitter

    Mark Graham, Scott A Hale et al.•The Professional Geographer•2014

  • Investigating Political Polarization on Twitter: A Canadian Perspective

    Open Access•Anatoliy Gruzd, Jeffrey Roy•Policy & Internet•2014

  • How Social Are Social Media? A Review of Online Social Behaviour and Connectedness

    Open Access•Tracii Ryan, Kelly‐ann Allen et al.•Journal of Relationships Research•2017

  • The linguistics of self-branding and micro-celebrity in Twitter

    Open Access•Ruth Page•Discourse & Communication•2012

  • “Tʕaћlu

    Open Access•Sarah Surur Almutairi, Rowida Ali Al Ghamdi•Journal of Pragmatics•2026

  • Do Improving Conditions Harden Partisan Preferences? Lived Experiences, Imagined Communities, and Polarized Evaluations

    Open Access•J Suk, Dhavan V Shah et al.•International Journal of Public…•2019

  • Life in a news desert

    Open Access•Nick Mathews•Journalism•2020

  • Análisis discursivo de las vacunas anticovid-19 en Twitter

    Open Access•Karines Rodríguez, Yamile Haber Guerra et al.•Question•2021

  • How the Turkish-Germans Construct Their Imagined Communities on Social Media? Textual Analysis of the Facebook Page “Turks in Germany”

    Open Access•Dila Naz Madenoglu•Observatorio (OBS•2020

  • Access to digital culture as a driver of social and cultural openness

    Open Access•Giuseppe Lamberti, Jordi López-Sintas et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2025

  • To wear or not to wear? Unpacking the #NoMask discourses and conversations on Twitter

    Open Access•Anita Lavorgna, Leslie Carr et al.•SN Social Sciences•2022

  • Relationship between social media marketing and young customers’ purchase intention towards online shopping

    Open Access•Awaz Shukri Ismael, Mohammad Bin Amin et al.•Cogent Social Sciences•2025

  • Association of online political participation with social media usage, perceived information quality, political interest and political knowledge among Malaysian youth

    Open Access•Haslina Halim, Bahtiar Mohamad et al.•Cogent Social Sciences•2021

  • Social media use and mental health in deaf or hard-of-hearing adults—Results of an online survey

    Open Access•Karolin Schäfer, Felix Miles•Frontiers in Communication•2023

  • Characterizing the role of influencers in disseminating situational information after an earthquake

    Open Access•Lifang Li, Ruiyao Xie et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2022

  • Urban Planning Academics

    Open Access•Thomas W Sanchez•Urban Planning•2021

  • Es sobre el gobierno, no sobre la Ley

    Open Access•Rocío Martínez Almanza, Jesús C Aguerri et al.•Oñati Socio-legal Series•2024

  • Keeping Citizens Informed and Engaged During the Covid-19 Pandemic Using #YoMeInformoPMA

    Lina Gomez-Vasquez, Enilda Romero‐Hall et al.•Health Communication•2023

  • DoctorsSpeakUp

    Amanda Sams Bradshaw•Health Communication•2023

  • The mediating effect of media usage on the relationship between anxiety/fear and physician–patient trust during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Yidi Chen, Jianhui Wu et al.•Psychology & Health•2022

  • Are Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games healthy or not and why? Preliminary support for a Compensatory Social Interaction model

    Open Access•David A Cole, Elizabeth A Nick et al.•Computers in Human Behavior•2020

  • Who shares misinformation on social media? A meta-analysis of individual traits related to misinformation sharing

    Open Access•Juan Xie, Yanqing Sun•Computers in Human Behavior•2024

  • Uptake, polymorphism, and the construction of networked events on Twitter

    Open Access•Chamil Rathnayake•Telematics and Informatics•2021

  • Identifying multiple learning spaces within a single teacher-focused Twitter hashtag

    Open Access•Spencer P Greenhalgh, Joshua M Rosenberg et al.•Computers & Education•2020

  • Mainframes and mandarins

    Open Access•Yi-Hui Christine Huang, Yuanhang Lu et al.•Telecommunications Policy•2020

  • A Metric to Assess Brokerage Positions within Social Networking Sites

    Open Access•Martin Rehm, Frank Cornelissen et al.•Teachers College Record The Voice…•2020

  • “Propaganda from Below”

    Open Access•Kapitolina Fedorova, Natalia Tšuikina et al.•Nationalities Papers•2026

  • Consumers’ value co-creation in sharing economy

    Open Access•Waqar Nadeem, Mari Juntunen et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2020

  • Complexity in online collective assessments

    Open Access•Jean-Loup Richet, Rosa Currás-Móstoles et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2024

  • Twenty years of Wikipedia in scholarly publications

    Open Access•Mohamed M Mostafa•Quality & Quantity•2023

  • In the Bullseye of Vigilantes

    Open Access•Rashid Gabdulhakov•Media and Communication•2019

  • Participation in Social Media

    Open Access•Mikko Villi, Janne Matikainen•Media and Communication•2016

  • Possible selves of a hashtag

    Open Access•La Rocca Gevisa•International Journal of…•2020

  • Harnessing big data for social justice

    Open Access•Jia Xue, Kathy Macropol et al.•Human Behavior and Emerging…•2019

  • “Strike with visual bullets”

    Open Access•Yeyang Cao, Weihua Wu•Global Media and China•2026

  • Networked Creativity on the Censored Web 2.0

    Open Access•Weiai Wayne Xu, Miao Feng•Journal of Contemporary Eastern…•2015

  • Contextualizing Events in Imagined Communities

    Sarah Shah, Gregory Acevedo et al.•Sociology of Islam•2017

  • Spaces for support

    Open Access•Ragnar Lundström•Discourse Context & Media•2018

  • WeTheNorth

    Open Access•Michael L Naraine, Ann Pegoraro et al.•Communication & Sport•2019

  • Twitter Issue Response Hashtags as Affordances for Momentary Connectedness

    Open Access•Chamil Rathnayake, Daniel D Suthers•Social Media + Society•2018

  • Mobile phone usage as an indicator of solidarity

    Open Access•Amit M Schejter, Akiba A Cohen•Mobile Media & Communication•2013

  • Can we use automated approaches to measure the quality of online political discussion? How to (not) measure interactivity, diversity, rationality, and incivility in online comments to the news

    Open Access•Sjoerd B Stolwijk, Mark Boukes et al.•Communication Methods and Measures•2025

  • The potential of microblogs for the study of public perceptions of climate change

    Open Access•Matthew R Auer, Yuman Zhang et al.•Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews…•2014

  • The role of government social media in enhancing environmental governance

    Huyang Chang, Yixuan Li et al.•China Economic Journal•2024

  • The Digital Practices of Mobile Phones

    Open Access•Roderick Graham•Sociology Compass•2012

  • The rise of anti-Muslim prejudice

    Open Access•Christine Ogan, Lars Willnat et al.•International Communication Gazette•2013

  • Stakeholder participation in building resilience to disasters in a changing climate

    Paulina Aldunce, Ruth Beilin et al.•Environmental Hazards•2016

  • Mapping online viewers’ social and non-social emotions using the lens of watching Unesco cultural heritage sites’ travel vlogs

    John Christopher B Mesana, Allan B De Guzman et al.•Journal of Heritage Tourism•2024

  • Mining halal food search pathways down the Wikipedia’s rabbit hole

    Mohamed M Mostafa•Food Culture & Society•2021

  • The role of emotional intelligence in agenda setting

    Open Access•Rabia Rahim, Sajjad Ahmed Paracha et al.•Journal of Public Affairs•2020

  • So Tight in the Thighs, So Loose in the Waist”

    Dawn Heinecken•Feminist Media Studies•2015

  • Traditional and mediatized soccer fanship

    Sara Ferrari•Soccer and Society•2017

  • Translocal networked public spheres

    Open Access•Annie Waldherr, Daniela Stoltenberg et al.•New Media & Society•2023

  • Does the platform matter? Social media and Covid-19 conspiracy theory beliefs in 17 countries

    Open Access•Yannis Theocharis, Ana Sofía Cardenal Izquierdo et al.•New Media & Society•2021

  • Everyday connections between online and offline

    Open Access•Alix Rufas, C Hine•New Media & Society•2018

  • Why do women bloggers use social media? Recreation and information motivations outweigh engagement motivations

    Open Access•Gina M Chen•New Media & Society•2013

  • Imagined communities in Eoin McNamee’s ‘Resurrection Man’ and ‘The Ultras’

    Anthony May•National Identities•2018

  • Facebook as a Site for Inter-religious Encounters

    R Illman, Sofia Sjö•Journal of Contemporary Religion•2015

  • St. Petersburg as a Place of Belonging

    Open Access•Nadezhda Vasileva•Space and Culture•2021

  • Social labs in universities

    Open Access•Esteban Romero‐Frías, Nicolás Robinson‐García•Comunicar•2017

  • Youth Intimacy on Tumblr

    Open Access•Matt Hart•Young•2015

  • Religion and Its Publics in South Asia

    Rohit Chopra, Dheepa Sundaram•Comparative Studies of South Asia…•2025

  • Civil Society in Times of Crisis

    Open Access•Yannis Theocharis, Silia Vitoratou et al.•Journal of Computer-Mediated…•2017

  • Opportunities have pretty much disappeared’

    Open Access•James W Besse, H Gorringe et al.•Scottish Affairs•2022

  • The Use of Religion Online by Indian Political Entities During the 2024 Lok Sabha Election

    Open Access•Mridha Md Shiblee Noman, Sayeed Al-Zaman•Social Science Computer Review•2025

  • Affective Ties That Bind

    Open Access•Y Song, R Xu•Social Science Computer Review•2018

  • International Relations

    Open Access•Andrew Crooks, David Masad et al.•Social Science Computer Review•2013

  • How Elites Invigorate Emotionality and Extremity in Digital Networks

    Open Access•Anson Au•Social Science Computer Review•2024

  • Twitter Activism and Ethical Witnessing

    Open Access•Sonia Núñez Puente, Sergio D’antonio Maceira et al.•Social Science Computer Review•2019

  • Community Analysis of a Crisis Response Network

    Open Access•Yushim Kim, Jihong Kim et al.•Social Science Computer Review•2019

  • Farming alone? What’s up with the “C” in community supported agriculture

    Open Access•Antoinette Pole, Margaret Gray•Agriculture and Human Values•2012

  • Visualizing the relationship between geographic and social media network space

    Open Access•Emily A Fogarty•GeoJournal•2020

  • Análisis de sentimientos en Twitter aplicado al #impeachment de Donald Trump

    Open Access•Karines Rodríguez-Díaz, Yamile Haber Guerra•Revista Mediterranea de…•2020

  • Understanding communities in an age of social media

    Anatoliy Gruzd, Jerome Jacobson et al.•Information Communication & Society•2016

  • Understanding micro-processes of community building and mutual learning on Twitter

    Hilde C Stephansen, N Couldry•Information Communication & Society•2014

  • I do not believe you

    Emily K Vraga, Leticia Bode•Information Communication & Society•2018

  • Who is responsible for Twitter’s echo chamber problem? Evidence from 2016 U.S. election networks

    Лэй Гуо, Jacob A Rohde et al.•Information Communication & Society•2018

  • A transnational networked public sphere of air pollution

    Wenhong Chen, Fangjing Tu et al.•Information Communication & Society•2017

  • Learning in a Twitter-based community of practice

    Sarah Gilbert•Information Communication & Society•2016

  • Are you passing along something true or false? Dissemination of social media messages about genetically modified organisms

    Open Access•Qian Xu, Y Song et al.•Public Understanding of Science•2021

  • The Use of Social Media to Foster Trust, Mentorship, and Collaboration in Scientific Organizations

    Open Access•Dhiraj Murthy, Calla M Hastings et al.•Bulletin of Science Technology &…•2014

  • Virtually Together

    Open Access•Maria Koletsi, Nikolaos Sfakianos et al.•Bulletin of Science Technology &…•2021

  • The Cambridge Handbook of Personal Relationships

    Open Access•Anita L Vangelisti, Daniel Perlman•Cambridge Handbook of Personal…•2006

  • Structural Holes

    R S Burt•Structural Holes•1992

  • Enabling Creative Chaos

    Katherine K Chen, Katherine Kang-Ning Chen•Enabling Creative Chaos•2009

  • Twitter adoption and use in mass convergence and emergency events

    Amanda Hughes, Amanda Lee Hughes et al.•International Journal of…•2009

  • Communication of Social Support in Computer-Mediated Groups for People With Disabilities

    Dawn O Braithwaite, Vincent R Waldron et al.•Health Communication•1999

  • Measuring User Influence in Twitter

    Open Access•Mintae Cha, Meeyoung Cha et al.•Proceedings of the International…•2010

  • Tweet, Tweet, Retweet

    Drick Boyd, Seana Golder et al.•2010 43rd Hawaii International…•2010

  • The experienced "sense" of a virtual community

    Anita Blanchard, Anita L Blanchard et al.•ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE…•2004

  • Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks

    Open Access•Duncan J Watts, Steven H Strogatz•Nature•1998

  • Community structure in social and biological networks

    Open Access•Michelle Girvan, M E J Newman•Proceedings of the National…•2002

  • The Sage Handbook of Social Network Analysis

    John G Scott, John Scott et al.•The Sage Handbook Of Social…•2014

  • Networks in the Global Village

    Barry Wellman•Networks In The Global Village•2018

  • Geography of Twitter networks

    Open Access•Yuri Takhteyev, Anatoliy Gruzd et al.•Social Networks•2012

  • QAP partialling as a test of spuriousness

    Open Access•David Krackardt•Social Networks•1987

  • The state of the nation

    Open Access•Mary Anne Kennan, Danny Kingsley et al.•First Monday•2009

  • Social networks that matter

    Open Access•Bernardo A Huberman, Bernardo Huberman et al.•First Monday•2008

  • Virtual Community Attraction

    Open Access•Catherine M Ridings, David Gefen•Journal of Computer-Mediated…•2006

  • The Performance of Humor in Computer-Mediated Communication

    Open Access•Nancy K Baym•Journal of Computer-Mediated…•2006

  • Virtual-Communities, Virtual Settlements & Cyber-Archaeology

    Open Access•Quentin Jones•Journal of Computer-Mediated…•2006

  • Information Exchange in Virtual Communities

    Open Access•Gary Burnett, Harry Buerkle•Journal of Computer-Mediated…•2006

  • Exploring Multiplexity

    Caroline Haythornthwaite•The Information Society•2001

  • Informal Networks and Organizational Crises

    D Krackhardt, Robert N Stern•Social Psychology Quarterly•1988

  • What good is legislation--or planning--if we can't make it work? The need for a comprehensive approach to health and welfare

    B Wellman, A W Snoke•American Journal of Public Health•1982

  • Internet paradox

    Robert Kraut, Robert E Kraut et al.•American Psychologist•1998

  • Social Theory and Social Structure

    Robert King Merton•Social Theory and Social Structure•1968

  • Imagined communities

    Benedict Anderson•Imagined communities•1991

  • Networks, Neighborhoods, and Communities

    Open Access•B Wellman, Barry Leighton•Urban Affairs Quarterly•1979

  • The Division of Labour in Society

    Open Access•George Simpson, Emile Durkheim et al.•Durkheim•1984

  • Sense of community

    Open Access•D W Mcmillan, David M Chavis•Journal of Community Psychology•1986

  • Physical Place and Cyberplace

    Open Access•B Wellman•International Journal of Urban…•2001

  • Social Connectivity in America

    Open Access•Hua Wang, Hua Wang Hua Wang et al.•American Behavioral Scientist•2010

  • Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism

    Anthony Reid, Benedict Anderson•Pacific Affairs•1985

  • Computer Networks as Social Networks

    B Wellman, Janet Salaff et al.•Annual Review of Sociology•1996

  • The Community Question

    B Wellman•American Journal of Sociology•1979

  • The Strength of Weak Ties

    Mark Granovetter, Mark S Granovetter•American Journal of Sociology•1973

Unique citing works160
Citations per year11,43
Citation span2012 - 2026 (15)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 150

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae