Measuring Alliances
The Correlates of War Formal Interstate Alliance Dataset, 1816-2000
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 3918059 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Douglas M Gibler (0000-0002-2245-8915, University of Kentucky, corresponding author), Meredith Reid Sarkees (Saint Mary's College) |
| Year | 2004 |
| Volume | 41 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 211-222 |
| Publication date | 2004-03-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Peace Research (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3433 • E-ISSN: 1460-3578 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0022343304041061 |
| OpenAlex | W2069910571 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 237 |
| References cited | 8 |
This article serves as a companion to the release of Version 3.0 of the Correlates of War Formal Interstate Alliance Dataset, 1816-2000. First released in 1966, the Correlates of War alliance data have greatly influenced quantitative studies of conflict, providing an important variable in the study of international conflict and cooperation. The article begins by describing the historical development and the major characteristics of the alliance dataset. The second section then discusses the procedures used to both identify and code each alliance in this revised and extended version of the data, and this is followed by a description of several important changes made to the original coding rules in order to develop this dataset, with the most notable of these changes being a more determined reliance on treaty texts rather than historical accounts for identification of alliances and alliance types. To show the effects of the revised coding decisions and the enlarged temporal domain, the final section of the article presents summary statistics for the new data and then uses the dataset to revisit two existing studies on democracy and alliance behavior. The findings indicate that jointly democratic dyads are likely to be allied only after 1945; joint democracy is negatively related to alliance formation during the 1816-1944 time period
Alliance · Coding (social sciences) · Computer security · Democracy · Identification (biology) · International conflict · Operations research · Political science · Politics · Social science · Sociology · Treaty · Computer Science · Ecology · Engineering · International Development and Aid · International Relations and Foreign Policy · Law · Political Conflict and Governance · Psychology
Democracy, Territory, and Armed Conflict, 1919-1995
Mediation and Peacekeeping in Civil Wars
Accountable for what? Regime types, performance, and the fate of outgoing dictators, 1946–2004
Issue linkage and international cooperation
The (de)Limitations of Balance of Power Theory
Regional Trade Agreements as Military Alliances
A BIT Is Better Than a Lot
Evaluating the Conflict-Reducing Effect of UN Peacekeeping Operations
In the Defense of Women
Territorial Issues, Audience Costs, and the Democratic Peace
A Supply Side Theory of Mediation1
Democratic International Governmental Organizations Promote Peace
The Illusion of Democratic Credibility
Delayed Ratification
Instrumental Philanthropy
The Perils of International Capital
Domestic Political Institutions and Alliance Politics
Why Do States Sign Alliances?
Democracy, Peace, and War
The Political Economy of the United Nations Security Council
Mistrust and hegemony
Multilateralism, Major Powers, and Militarized Disputes
Congress, Presidential Approval, and U.S. Dispute Initiation
What kind of ‘world order’? An artificial neural networks approach to intensive data mining
The Continent of International Law
Constructing International Security
Causes and Consequences of Military Alliances
The Politics of Diplomacy
Why do states join US-led military coalitions
Evaluating the Effects of Trade on Militarized Behavior in the Context of Territorial Threat
Web of Links
Time to Quantify Turkey’s Foreign Affairs
Are You Experienced? US Ambassadors and International Crises, 1946–2014
State Compliance and the Track Record of International Security Institutions
Nuclear aggressors, nuclearizing targets
Rivalry, Uncertainty, and Militarized Compellent Threats
Better to Trust in the Lord? Religious Salience, Regime Religiosity, and Interstate Dispute Resolution
Alliances and Civil War Intervention
The Changing Face of Nuclear Proliferation
The Political Economy of Peacekeeping
Birds of a Feather, Do Sanctioned States Flock Together
A network approach to measuring state preferences
India and Taiwan’s evolving entente commerciale
Sino-Japanese Relations and the Potential for Militarised Conflict in the Twenty-First Century
Networks of International Relations, Structural Power, and China’s Belt and Road Initiative
Major powers’ management of complex peace relationships
Not all bonds are created equal
The pacifying effect of energy dependence on interstate conflict
Exiles and Arms
Democratic or cultural peace? Examining the joint democratic peace proposition through the lens of shared emancipative values
Defense Pacts
US Military Aid and Recipient State Cooperation
A Story of Institutional Misfit
Why Professionalize? Economic Modernization and Military Professionalism1
The Interdependence of U.S. Troop Deployments and Trade in the Developing World
Does Foreign Aid Harm Political Rights? Evidence from U.S. Aid
"Coalition of the Bribed and Bullied?" U.S. Economic Linkage and the Iraq War Coalition
Alliances with Chinese characteristics? The contents and rationale of China’s strategic partnerships
Do Democracies Support Violent Non-governmental Organizations Less Than Autocracies Do
Polarisation, accountability, and interstate conflict
The Queens’ gambit
Trade Potential and UN Peacekeeping Participation
Decomposing Network Influence
Party system stability and conflict initiation
Rivalry, Instability, and the Probability of International Conflict
Dangerous Dyads Revisited
Strategic partnerships in alliance politics
Lootable resources and third-party intervention into civil wars
Alliance Politics during the Cold War
Unpacking Escalation
Alliances as Contiguity in Spatial Models of Military Expenditures
Journalists’ Incentives and Media Coverage of Elite Foreign Policy Evaluations
What determines US humanitarian intervention
Democracies, Territory, and Negotiated Compromises
Ethnic preferences, domestic audiences and military coalition formation
Trade Interdependence and the Issues at Stake in the Onset of Militarized Conflict
Disputed territory, defensive alliances and conflict initiation
Staying the Course
Capability revisited
Alliances, Institutional Design, and the Determinants of Military Strategy
Does third-party trade reduce conflict? Credible signaling versus opportunity costs
Some Agents are Freer than Others
International economic institutions
Disaggregating Peace
Revolutionary Pathways
Human rights institutionalization and US humanitarian military intervention
Coercive Assets? Foreign Direct Investment and the Use of Economic Sanctions
Intergovernmental Organizations, Interaction, and Member State Interest Convergence
Jumping into the Fray
Capability, Credibility, and Extended General Deterrence
Documenting energy flows between states
Military in the cabinet and defense spending of civilian governments
Signing River Treaties—Does It Improve River Cooperation
Regime Similarity and Rivalry
International Trade and Domestic Legal Systems
When Do States Say Uncle? Network Dependence and Sanction Compliance
Human Rights and Trade
A Structural Analysis of International Conflict
How and why the Cold War became a long peace
Islamic Politics, Muslim States, and Counterterrorism Tensions
Alliances That Never Balance
Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions, 1815-1944
An extension of the correlates of war formal alliance data set, 1648–1815
A revised list of independent states since the congress of Vienna
National Political Units in the Twentieth Century
Democracy, Political Similarity, and International Alliances, 1816-1992
Formal Alliances, 1816-1965
Formal alliances, 1815-1939
| Unique citing works | 237 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 10,77 |
| Citation span | 2004 - 2026 (23) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 222 |