The Succession to the Caliph Mūsā al-Hādī

Hārūn al-Rashid succeeded his elder brother Musa al-Hadi to the caliphate in confused circumstances. It is clear that Musa had not wanted his brother to succeed him, but not whether in his short caliphate Musa had formally replaced Harun as heir apparent with his own young son. The open question is whether Hārūn succeeded to the caliphate by virtue of being heir apparent, or owing to a military intervention after Mūsā's sudden death. Al-Tabari clearly manipulates his textual evidence to prove the former case, and is greatly helped by an influential Barmakid tradition making the same point. If al-Tabari's editorial intervention can be discounted, it is arguable on the basis of both textual and numismatic evidence that Hārūn's caliphate was as much the creation of the army as was that of the first Abbasid caliph, Abu'l-⊂Abbās

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