Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy

Bibliographic Data

ID4028992
AuthorsRobert C Feenstra (0000-0003-3433-7763, Professor of Economics, University of California, Davis, California; Visiting Professor of Economics, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, California; Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts., corresponding author)
Year1998
Volume12
Issue4
Pages31-50
Publication date1998-11-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueThe Journal of Economic Perspectives (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0895-3309 • E-ISSN: 1944-7965
PublisherAmerican Economic Association (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1257/jep.12.4.31
OpenAlexW2026217839
LanguageEN
Citations received223
References cited14

The last few decades have seen a spectacular integration of the global economy through trade. The rising integration of world markets has brought with it a disintegration of the production process, however, in which manufacturing or services activities done abroad are combined with those performed at home. The author compares several different measures of foreign outsourcing and argues that they have all increased since the 1970s. He also considers the implications of globalization for employment and wages of low-skilled workers and for trade and regulatory policy, such as labor standards

World economy · Global trade and economics · Labor Movements and Unions

  • The Impact of Asian Drivers on the Developing World

    Open Access•Raphael Kaplinsky, D Messner et al.•Japan focus•2008

  • Globalisation and Unequalisation

    Raphael Kaplinsky•The Journal of Development Studies•2000

  • The vanishing hand

    Richard N Langlois•Industrial and Corporate Change•2003

  • Infrastructure, Geographical Disadvantage, Transport Costs, and Trade

    Nuno Limão•The World Bank Economic Review•2001

  • American macromanagement issues and policy

    Joseph P Daniels, Jaya B Davis et al.•Globalizing America•2000

  • Global Economic Networks

    Open Access•N Bandelj, Kristen Shorette et al.•Emerging Trends in the Social and…•2015

  • Lived Effects of the Contemporary Economy

    Open Access•Michael Storper•Millennial Capitalism and the…•2001

  • Fragmentation of Production

    Open Access•Tong Xin•International Encyclopedia of…•2017

  • Global Capital and National Governments

    Open Access•Layna Mosley•Global Capital and National…•2001

  • The nature and growth of vertical specialization in world trade

    Open Access•David Hummels, Jun Ishii et al.•Journal of International Economics•2001

  • Does product market competition foster corporate social responsibility? Evidence from trade liberalization

    Open Access•Caroline Flammer•Strategic Management Journal•2015

  • Domestic Value Added in Exports

    Hiau Looi Kee, Heiwai Tang•American Economic Review•2016

  • The growth of world trade

    Open Access•Scott L Baier, Jeffrey H Bergstrand•Journal of International Economics•2001

  • Trade Costs

    James E Anderson, Eric van Wincoop•Journal of Economic Literature•2004

  • Outsourcing in a Global Economy

    Gene M Grossman, Elhanan Helpman•The Review of Economic Studies•2005

  • Environmental Strategies, Upgrading and Competitive Advantage in Global Value Chains

    Open Access•Valentina De Marchi, Eleonora Di Maria et al.•Business Strategy and the…•2013

  • The Rise and Fall of World Trade, 1870-1939

    Antoni Estevadeordal, Brian Frantz et al.•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2003

  • Why the World Suddenly Cares About Global Supply Chains

    Open Access•Gary Gereffi, Joonkoo Lee•Journal of Supply Chain Management•2012

  • The Vanishing Hand

    Open Access•Richard N Langlois•SSRN Electronic Journal•2001

  • Mercado interno

    Open Access•Tania Molina del Villar•Análisis Económico•2023

  • Distributional Effects of Deep Trade Agreements

    Open Access•Jeong Ho Yoo, Ideun Jeong•Asian international studies review•2025

  • The effect of electronic learning strategy on the quality of educational service from the economic point of view

    Open Access•Dijla Mahdi Mahmood Al-Najar•Economic Annals-ХХI•2021

  • Tendências da dinâmica do comércio mundial pós-covid-19

    Open Access•Ualace Moreira LIMA•Princípios Revista de Filosofia…•2020

  • La articulación productiva como determinante de la trayectoria potencial de crecimiento

    Open Access•Fidel Aroche, Tania Molina del Villar et al.•Problemas del Desarrollo Revista…•2021

  • Export duration and firm markups

    Open Access•Wenze Yue, Qingxia Lin•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2023

  • Beyond trade statistics

    Open Access•Maria Llop•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2024

  • Impact of trade openness on structural change in BIMSTEC countries

    Open Access•Fazle Rabbi Fazle Rabbi, Soma Bhattacharjee•International Journal of Economic…•2026

  • Production Globalization and the Segmentation of the Global Manufacturing Sector

    M C Mahutga, Matthew Mahutga•Sociology of Development•2020

  • The Globalization of Production, Industrial Upgrading, and Collective Labor Rights in the Global South

    Anthony Roberts•Sociology of Development•2021

  • The Decline of International Income Inequality? Cross-National Income Convergence Revisited

    Anthony Roberts, Anthony J Roberts et al.•Sociology of Development•2023

  • Enchaîner la valeur à Madagascar. L’exploitation économique vue depuis le Groupement des Exportateurs de Litchis (GEL) de Madagascar

    Open Access•Sami El Amari•EchoGéo•2025

  • Agglomeration of knowledge intensive activities as driver of high skilled inter-regional migration

    Open Access•Jose Blanco-Álvarez, Manuel González-López•Papers of the Regional Science…•2026

  • Reduced ‘Border effects’, Free Trade Agreements and international trade

    Open Access•Sebastian Franco‐Bedoya, Erik Frohm•World Economy•2022

  • The nature of trade, global production fragmentation and inflationary dynamics

    Open Access•Hülya Saygılı•World Economy•2020

  • Does value chain integration dampen producer price developments? Evidence from the European Union

    Open Access•Klaus S Friesenbichler, Agnes Kügler et al.•World Economy•2021

  • Firm productivity and functional specialisation

    Open Access•Gaaitzen J De Vries, Aobo Jiang et al.•World Economy•2021

  • Not So Empty Threats

    Open Access•Fulvio Silvy•World Economy•2025

  • Measuring Smile Curves in Global Value Chains

    Open Access•Bo Meng, Ming Ye et al.•Oxford Bulletin of Economics and…•2020

  • Investing in friends

    Open Access•Shekhar Aiyar, Davide Malacrino et al.•European Journal of Political…•2024

  • Policy tolerance of economic crime? An empirical analysis of the effect of counterfeiting on Italian trade

    Open Access•Elton Beqiraj, Silvia Fedeli et al.•European Journal of Political…•2020

  • What drives the economic performance of suppliers in global value chains/global production networks – tier, ownership, size, specialization, or region

    Open Access•Jiří Blažek, Anton Lypianin•Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift -…•2022

  • Exchange Rate Pass-through in South Africa

    David C Parsley•The Journal of Development Studies•2012

  • Transforming into Fashion Firms or Multi-Country Suppliers? Accounting for Varied Firm Trajectories in the Deindustrialising Korean Apparel Industry

    Solee I Shin, Solee Shin•The Journal of Development Studies•2019

  • Unskilled Migration and Vertical Disintegration

    Jianan Li, Lulu Zhang et al.•The Journal of Development Studies•2024

  • Television and Globalization

    Open Access•Jean K Chalaby•Journal of Communication•2016

  • Agents of Neoliberal Globalization

    Open Access•Michael C Dreiling, Derek Darves et al.•Agents of Neoliberal Globalization•2016

  • The New Old Economy

    Josh Whitford•The new old economy•2005

  • Framing the Global

    Déborah Cohen, Hilary E Kahn et al.•Framing the Global•2014

  • Robotics, AI, and Humanity

    Open Access•Melanie S Archer, Marcelo Sanchez-Sorondo et al.•Robotics, AI, and Humanity•2021

  • The global economy-myths and realities

    Paul Hirst•International Affairs•1997

  • Shifts in Lithuania’s agri-food industry export competitiveness

    Open Access•Vlada Vitunskienė, Evaldas Serva•Oeconomia Copernicana•2015

  • Social networks and seafood sustainability governance

    Open Access•Helen Packer, Jörn Schmidt et al.•People and Nature•2020

  • Lift and Shift

    Open Access•Rafiq Dossani, Martin Kenney•Information Technologies and…•2003

  • Lift and Shift

    Open Access•Rafiq Dossani, Martin Kenney•Information Technologies and…•2003

  • The digital-sustainability nexus

    Open Access•Chandrika Raghavendra, Kedar Pandurang Joshi et al.•Sustainable Futures•2026

  • When one cannot bypass the byproducts

    Open Access•Xiang Gao, Sandy Dall’erba et al.•Journal of Industrial Ecology•2022

  • Productivity Spillovers from FDI, Absorptive Capacity and Self-innovation Capabilities of Resource Area

    Open Access•Liming Xiao, Xiao Li-Ming et al.•Science Technology and Society•2016

  • An Overview of Experimental U.S. Consumer Price Indexes

    Brent R Moulton, Kenneth J Stewart•Journal of Business and Economic…•1999

  • Economia política das Cadeias Globais de Valor

    Open Access•Clarissa Black•Economia e Sociedade•2024

  • Especialização em recursos naturais e cadeias globais de valor (1995 e 2009)

    Open Access•Karine Aparecida Obalhe da Silva Piorski, Clésio Lourenço Xavier•Economia e Sociedade•2018

  • A Portrait of Trade in Value-Added over Four Decades

    Robert C Johnson, Guillermo Noguera•The Review of Economics and…•2017

  • Exchange Rate Pass-Through into Import Prices

    José Manuel Campa, Linda S Goldberg•The Review of Economics and…•2005

  • Vertical Production Networks in Multinational Firms

    Gordon H Hanson, Gordon Hanson et al.•The Review of Economics and…•2005

  • Link or Languish? A Long‐Run Empirical Analysis of Production Network Positioning, Embeddedness and Growth

    Open Access•Davide Luzzati, Giorgio Fagiolo et al.•World Economy•2026

  • Traders, Courts and the Home Bias Puzzle

    Open Access•Alessandro Turrini, Tanguy van Ypersele•SSRN Electronic Journal•2002

  • Global Sourcing Under Imperfect Capital Markets

    Open Access•Juan Carluccio, Thibault Fally•SSRN Electronic Journal•2011

  • Vertical Integration and Technology

    Open Access•Daron Acemoglu, Philippe Aghion et al.•SSRN Electronic Journal•2007

  • Measuring Trade in Value Added in the New Industrial Economy

    Open Access•Hubert Escaith•SSRN Electronic Journal•2008

  • Global Sourcing under Imperfect Capital Markets

    Juan Carluccio, Thibault Fally•The Review of Economics and…•2011

  • Mapping interaction patterns of German IT and engineering services for automotive applications

    Open Access•Julian Schwabe, Markus Hassler•Geographica Helvetica•2020

  • Multidimensionality and Gravity in Global Trade, 1950-2000

    Min Zhou•Social Forces•2010

  • The Globalization of Production and Income Inequality in Rich Democracies

    M C Mahutga, Anthony Roberts et al.•Social Forces•2017

  • Pornification as Westernization on the semi-periphery

    Open Access•Gergely Csányi, Fanni Dés et al.•Sexualities•2024

  • Globalization and U.S. Wages

    Open Access•Jonathan Haskel, Robert Z Lawrence et al.•The Journal of Economic…•2012

  • Transporte, fluxo de mercadoria e desenvolvimento econômico urbano na Amazônia

    Open Access•Wouter Jacobs, Lee Pegler et al.•Cadernos Metrópole•2013

  • What does the sharing economy mean for electric market transitions? A review with sustainability perspectives

    Open Access•Sanja Filipović, Mirjana Radovanović et al.•Energy Research & Social Science•2019

  • Modèles d’ancrage à l’Union européenne et spécialisations des pays partenaires méditerranéens

    Open Access•Sandra Palméro, Nathalie Roux•L Année du Maghreb•2006

  • Comercio exterior colombiano y su financiación con la banca local

    Open Access•Sergio Restrepo, Jorge Niño et al.•Lecturas de Economía•2014

  • Exchange, Action, and Social Structure

    Richard Swedberg, Milan Zafirovski•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•2002

  • Does Economics Matter for/in Economic Geography

    Open Access•Henry Wai-Chung Yeung, Henry Wai‐chung Yeung•Antipode•2001

  • Critical perspectives on GVC theory

    Open Access•Gabriele Suder, Bo Meng et al.•Critical Perspectives on…•2024

  • Transnational corporations in twenty-first century capitalism

    Open Access•Jeb Sprague, Grazia Ietto‐Gillies•Critical Perspectives on…•2014

  • Drivers of the crisis of hyper-globalization

    Javier Pérez Ibáñez•Critical Perspectives on…•2026

  • Is there a pollution haven in European Union global value chain participation

    Open Access•Hugo Campos‐Romero, Paulo Mourão et al.•Environment Development and…•2023

  • Domestic transport infrastructure and firms’ export market participation

    Open Access•Pedro Albarran, Raquel Carrasco et al.•Small Business Economics•2013

  • CO2 emissions of international freight transport and offshoring

    Open Access•María‐Ángeles Cadarso, María-Ángeles Cadarso et al.•Ecological Economics•2010

  • Global supply chain resilience

    Zhiyuan Li, Mingyao Xu•Economic and Political Studies•2024

  • Low-carbon value chain building strategies across industrial and political contexts

    Open Access•Martina Fantini, Julius Wesche et al.•Energy Research & Social Science•2025

  • Can a GVC-oriented policy mitigate the inequalities of the world media system? Strategies for economic upgrading in the TV format global value chain

    Jean K Chalaby•International Journal of Digital…•2017

  • The China Shock

    David H Autor, David Autor et al.•Annual Review of Economics•2016

  • Boom and Bust in Central and Eastern Europe

    Open Access•Béla Galgóczi•Journal of Contemporary European…•2009

  • Trade, product variety and welfare

    Michael Funke, Ralf Ruhwedel•China Economic Journal•2008

  • US auto companies' ownership and control of production in Mexico's 'maquiladoras

    F Murphy, F H Murphy et al.•Cambridge Journal of Regions…•2012

  • Globalization and earnings inequality in metropolitan areas

    Michael Wallace, Gordon Gauchat et al.•Cambridge Journal of Regions…•2012

  • It's a big world after all

    Steven Brakman, Charles Van Marrewijk•Cambridge Journal of Regions…•2008

  • Offshore, re-shore, re-offshore

    Open Access•Xiang Gao, G J D Hewings et al.•Cambridge Journal of Regions…•2022

  • Power at a distance

    Open Access•T Bartley, Matthew Soener et al.•Sociology Compass•2019

  • Explaining the Wage Gap

    Open Access•Jolanda Peeters, A de Vaal•The Journal of Economic Inequality•2003

  • Global convergence or national variation? Examining national patterns of classroom instructional practices

    Yoonjeon Kim•Globalisation Societies and…•2019

  • Functional specialisation in trade

    Open Access•Marcel P Timmer, Sébastien Miroudot et al.•Journal of Economic Geography•2018

  • Globalization and the Inequality of Nations

    Paul Krugman, Anthony J Venables•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•1995

  • Changes in the Demand for Skilled Labor within U. S. Manufacturing

    Eli Berman, John Bound et al.•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•1994

  • Growing World Trade

    Paul Krugman, Richard N Cooper et al.•Brookings Papers on Economic…•1995

  • International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain

    Open Access•Gary Gereffi•Journal of International Economics•1999

  • Trade Policy and Economic Welfare

    W Max Corden•Trade policy and economic welfare•1997

  • Distinguished Lecture on Economics in Government

    Open Access•Lawrence H Summers•The Journal of Economic…•1999

Unique citing works223
Citations per year7,69
Citation span1997 - 2026 (30)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 221

Tools

Open DOISci-HubOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae