Breaking Protocol
America's First Female Ambassadors, 1933-1964
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4156142 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Karen Garner (Empire State College, State University of New York, Saratoga Springs, New York, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2021 |
| Volume | 108 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 405-406 |
| Publication date | 2021-09-01 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of American History (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0021-8723 • E-ISSN: 1945-2314 |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1093/jahist/jaab194 |
| OpenAlex | W3196611819 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 4 |
In Breaking Protocol Philip Nash recounts the pathways to power and the major accomplishments of the first six female ambassadors who served the interests of their presidents and the United States abroad in the middle of the twentieth century. Ruth Bryan Owen (Denmark, 1933–1936), Florence Jaffray Harriman (Norway, 1937–1941), Perle S. Mesta (Luxembourg, 1949–1953), Eugenie M. Anderson (Denmark, 1949–1953; Bulgaria, 1962–1964), Clare Boothe Luce (Italy, 1953–1956), and Frances E. Willis (Switzerland, 1953–1957; Norway, 1957–1961; Ceylon, 1961–1964) were the “Big Six” pioneers who broke barriers to enter the highest ranks of the male-dominated world of the elite diplomatic corps (p. 1). These women all experienced resistance to their ambassadorial appointments as recipients of the “pervasive misogyny and sex discrimination of the modern era” (p. 23). This resistance emanated from their male colleagues in the U.S. State Department and their host countries, as well as from the casual sexist commentary expressed in
Ancient history · Casual · Ceylon · Economic history · Elite · Political science · Politics · Power (physics · Resistance (ecology · Sociology · State (computer science · Australian History and Society · Demography · History · International Relations and Foreign Policy · Law · World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact
| Citations per year | 0.8 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2021 - 2024 (4) |
| Highly cited | No |