Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

From opinions to policies

Examining the links between citizens, representatives, and policy change

Bibliographic Data

ID4172015
AuthorsMikael Persson (0000-0002-5377-2173, University of Gothenburg, corresponding author)
Year2021
Volume74
Pages102413
Publication date2021-12-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueElectoral Studies (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0261-3794 • E-ISSN: 1873-6890
PublisherElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102413
OpenAlexW3082555807
LanguageEN
Citations received14
References cited48

Recent studies show that policy changes appear to correspond primarily to the preferences of citizens with high socio-economic status. However, the mechanisms explaining this trend remain largely unexplored. In this paper, I look closer at the role of political representatives as the critical factor connecting citizens' opinions and policy changes. While the link between public opinion and elite opinion as well as the link between public opinion and policy output is relatively well studied, few studies have looked at the entire relationship between public opinion, elite opinion, and policy output concerning social groups. This paper combines data from Swedish election studies, surveys with members of parliament, and a database of policy change. It shows that representatives' opinions reflect advantaged groups better than disadvantaged groups. Similar biases are found in policy responsiveness; policy changes correspond more closely to the opinions of the advantaged groups

Disadvantaged · Elite · Parliament · Policy studies · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Public opinion · Public policy · Representation (politics · Sociology · Electoral Systems and Political Participation · Gender Politics and Representation · Law · Political Influence and Corporate Strategies · Public Administration

  • Lacking Incentives, Not Information. Why Politicians tend to be Less Responsive to Lower‐Income Citizens

    Open Access•Karolin Soontjens, Mikael Persson•Legislative Studies Quarterly•2024

  • Issue Attention in Public Opinion Polls

    Open Access•Qian Zhang, Christopher Witko et al.•Policy Studies Journal•2026

  • Issue Voting and Government Responsiveness to Policy Preferences

    Open Access•Eric Guntermann, Mikael Persson•Political Behavior•2023

  • Who speaks for manual workers? Unequal congruence in the 2017 German Federal Election

    Marie Kübler•West European Politics•2025

  • Ideological bias in policy implementation

    Open Access•Mikael Persson, Anders Sundell•West European Politics•2025

  • Who got what they wanted? Investigating the role of institutional agenda setting, costly policies, and status quo bias as explanations to income based unequal responsiveness

    Open Access•Mikael Persson•Journal of European Public Policy•2024

  • Poor choices? Examining the electoral connection behind unequal policy representation

    Open Access•Jesper Lindqvist, Mikael Persson et al.•European Journal of Political…•2025

  • Preferences for growth strategies in advanced democracies

    Open Access•Lucio Baccaro, Björn Bremer et al.•European Journal of Political…•2025

  • Political Inequality in Rich Democracies

    Open Access•Lea Elsässer, Alphons Schäfer et al.•Annual Review of Political Science•2023

  • The Economic Backgrounds of Politicians

    Open Access•Nicholas Carnes, Noam Lupu•Annual Review of Political Science•2023

  • The Rich Have a Slight Edge

    Open Access•Mikael Persson, Anders Sundell•British Journal of Political…•2024

  • Closing the gap? The populist radical right and opinion congruence between citizens and MPs

    Open Access•Marie Kübler, Alphons Schäfer et al.•Electoral Studies•2022

  • Unequal policy responsiveness in Spain

    Open Access•Noam Lupu, Alejandro Tirado Castro•Socio-Economic Review•2023

  • Understanding and Reducing Biases in Elite Beliefs About the Electorate

    Open Access•Miguel M Pereira•American Political Science Review•2021

  • Congressmen's Voting Decisions

    John W Kingdon, John Kingdon•Congressmen's voting decisions•1989

  • Representing the People

    Kris Deschouwer, Sam Depauw•Representing the People•2014

  • Understanding Inequality

    Open Access•Alfred Machin, Amanda Machin et al.•Understanding Inequality•2016

  • Degrees of Democracy

    Open Access•Stuart Soroka, Stuart N Soroka et al.•Degrees of Democracy•2009

  • Can Learning Constituency Opinion Affect How Legislators Vote? Results from a Field Experiment

    Daniel M Butler, David W Nickerson•Quarterly Journal of Political…•2011

  • Reconsidering the Middle

    Open Access•Peter K Enns•Perspectives on Politics•2015

  • Democratic representation and political inequality

    Open Access•Yvette Peters•French Politics•2018

  • Candidate positioning and responsiveness to constituent opinion in the U.S. House of Representatives

    Open Access•Michael Peres, Michael Peress•Public Choice•2013

  • Congress, The Electoral Connection

    Michael J Ross, David R Mayhew•The Western Political Quarterly•1975

  • Congress

    Open Access•Benjamin I Page•Political Science Quarterly•1975

  • Differential Responsiveness in Europe

    Yvette Peters, Sander J Ensink•West European Politics•2014

  • Who Do European Parties Represent? How Western European Parties Represent the Policy Preferences of Opinion Leaders

    James Adams, Lawrence Ezrow•The Journal of Politics•2009

  • Gender and opinion–policy congruence in Europe

    Open Access•Stefanie Reher•European Political Science Review•2018

  • The electoral roots of unequal representation. A spatial modelling approach to party systems and voting in Western Europe

    Open Access•Jan Rosset, Anna-Sophie Kurella et al.•European Journal of Political…•2021

  • Does the Numerical Underrepresentation of the Working Class in Congress Matter

    Open Access•Nicholas Carnes•Legislative Studies Quarterly•2012

  • Explaining motivation to represent

    Maria Sobolewska, Rebecca Mckee et al.•West European Politics•2018

  • Representing the People

    Raphael J Heuwieser•West European Politics•2015

  • More Money, Fewer Problems? Cross-Level Effects of Economic Deprivation on Political Representation

    Jan Rosset, Nathalie Giger et al.•West European Politics•2013

  • "Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent "Yes

    Joanna Mansbridge, Jane Mansbridge•The Journal of Politics•1999

  • Are Voters Better Represented

    John D Griffin, Brian Newman•The Journal of Politics•2005

  • Dynamic Opinion Representation

    Open Access•Sören Holmberg•Scandinavian Political Studies•1997

  • The Poor Political Representation of the Poor in a Comparative Perspective

    Nathalie Giger, Jan Rosset et al.•Representation•2012

  • Inequality and Democratic Responsiveness

    Martin Gilens•Public Opinion Quarterly•2005

  • Public Opinion and Public Policy, 1980-1993

    Alan D Monroe•Public Opinion Quarterly•1998

  • Campaign Finance Laws, Policy Outcomes, and Political Equality in the American States

    Open Access•P Flavin•Political Research Quarterly•2015

  • Issue Voting and Government Responsiveness to Policy Preferences

    Open Access•Eric Guntermann, Mikael Persson•Political Behavior•2023

  • Testing Theories of American Politics

    Open Access•Martin Gilens, Benjamin I Page•Perspectives on Politics•2014

  • Mean voter representation and partisan constituency representation

    Open Access•Lawrence Ezrow, Catherine E De Vries et al.•Party Politics•2011

  • Approaches to Studying Policy Representation

    Open Access•David E Broockman•Legislative Studies Quarterly•2016

  • Mind the gap

    Open Access•Julian Bernauer, Nathalie Giger et al.•International Political Science…•2015

  • Do the Rich and the Poor Have Different Conceptions of Democracy? Socioeconomic Status, Inequality, and the Political Status Quo

    Besir Ceka, Pedro C Magalhães•Comparative Politics•2020

  • What Drives Unequal Policy Responsiveness? Assessing the Role of Informational Asymmetries in Economic Policy-Making

    Open Access•Mads Andreas Elkjær•Comparative Political Studies•2020

  • Opinion Representation and Policy Feedback

    Open Access•Stuart Soroka, Stuart N Soroka et al.•Canadian Journal of Political…•2004

  • Women in Parliaments

    Lena Wängnerud•Annual Review of Political Science•2009

  • The Public as Thermostat

    Christopher Wlezien•American Journal of Political…•1995

  • The Democratic Deficit in the States

    Open Access•Jeffrey R Lax, Jane H Phillips et al.•American Journal of Political…•2012

  • Are Parties Equally Responsive to Women and Men

    Open Access•Jonathan Homola•British Journal of Political…•2019

  • On the Limits to Inequality in Representation

    Open Access•Stuart Soroka, Stuart N Soroka et al.•PS Political Science & Politics•2008

  • Unequal policy responsiveness in the Netherlands

    Open Access•Wouter Schakel•Socio-Economic Review•2021

  • Constituency Influence in Congress

    Open Access•Warren E Miller, Donald E Stokes et al.•American Political Science Review•1963

  • When Do the Rich Win

    Open Access•J Alexander Branham, Stuart Soroka et al.•Political Science Quarterly•2017

  • Leapfrog Representation and Extremism

    Open Access•Joseph Bafumi, Michael C Herron•American Political Science Review•2010

  • Digging into the Pocketbook

    Open Access•Andrew J Healy, Andrew Healy et al.•American Political Science Review•2017

  • Effects of Public Opinion on Policy

    Open Access•Benjamin I Page, Robert Y Shapiro•American Political Science Review•1983

Unique citing works14
Citations per year2,8
Citation span2021 - 2026 (6)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 14

Tools

Open DOIOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae