Unfair by Design
The War on Drugs, Race, and the Legitimacy of the Criminal Justice System
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4188064 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Lawrence D Bobo (0000-0002-4280-0538), Victor Thompson |
| Year | 2024 |
| Volume | 91 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 21-49 |
| Publication date | 2024-03-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Social research (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0037-783X • E-ISSN: 1944-768X |
| Publisher | Project MUSE (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1353/sor.2024.a923110 |
| OpenAlex | W4393346411 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 113 |
| References cited | 25 |
Over the past 30 years federal and state policies have increasingly pursued a harsh, "tough on crime" position. With the "war on drugs" and allied changes in sentencing practices and policing policies, the US has witnessed a sharp increase in the proportion of citizens incarcerated or under some form of supervision by the state. This transformation has fallen with special severity on African Americans, especially low-income black males. To many analysts, the deepening racialization of the chances of criminal incarceration was at least a foreseeable, if not predictable and intended, consequence of these policy changes. The purpose of this essay, based on new focus group research and newly designed national sample survey data, is to assess the perceptions and consequences of these changes for African Americans' judgments about the legitimacy of the criminal justice system
Creed · Criminal justice · Criminology · Dignity · Economic Justice · Legitimacy · Political science · Politics · Race (biology) · Sociology · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis · Gender Studies · Law · Law in Society and Culture · Law, Rights, and Freedoms · Legal Systems and Judicial Processes · Policing Practices and Perceptions · Psychology
Exclusion and Extraction
Drawing from justice theories to support targets of online harassment
Jurors' Subjective Experiences of Deliberations in Criminal Cases
Abolition and the everyday life of Sacramento's carceral housing crisis
The Growth of Incarceration in the United States
Dual-process theory of racial isolation, legal cynicism, and reported crime
The Effects of Police Violence on Inner-City Students
Racial Disparities in Incarceration Increase Acceptance of Punitive Policies
Addressing Racial Disparities in Incarceration
Epistemic Privilege and Expertise in the Context of Meta-debate
Intoxicating Blackness
Peering Down at the Junkie
Visualizing a Drug Abuse Epidemic
Racial Conflation
The racialized packaging of punishment
Race, Neighbourhood Context and Perceptions of Injustice by the Police in Cincinnati
The Racially Disparate Effects of Drug Arrest on High School Dropout
Speaking through Silence
Black Male Disproportionality in the Criminal Justice Systems of the USA, Canada, and England
What the Study of Legal Cynicism and Crime Can Tell Us About Reliability, Validity, and Versatility in Law and Social Science Research
Making peace, not a desert
Network exposure and excessive use of force
Clearing crimes in the aftermath of police lethal violence
Moving From Efficacy to Effectiveness
The past, present, and future of mass incarceration in the United States
Extraordinary sentences and the proposed police surge
Race Matters
Polluting our prisons? An examination of Oklahoma prison locations and toxic releases, 2011–2017
Pretrial jail experiences and the criminal justice legitimacy divide
We’re not the first and we’re not going to be the last”
The Grounds and Demands of Public Recognition
The Interaction of Race and Gender as a Significant Driver of Racial Arrest Disparities for African American Men
Collateral Damage
Protesting Black Inequality
Reporting victimisation to the police
The Carceral State and the Crucible of Black Politics
Broadening the Lens of Procedural Justice Beyond the Courtroom
Property Markers and the Hassle of Leniency
Was the Civil Rights Movement Successful? Tracking and Understanding Black Views
“We’re not anti-police…We’re anti-police brutality”
Compliance is far from standard
How Does Structural Racism Operate (in) the Contemporary US Criminal Justice System
Recovery Related Group Homes and Disproportionate Environmental Hazard Impacts
We Want a Living Solution”
Incarceration and Stratification
Intimate Partner Violence, Police Engagement, and Perceived Helpfulness of the Legal System
Exploring Community-Centric Decarceration Strategies for People With Behavioral Health Needs
Defensive Killing by Police
An Analysis of Missouri's Insanity Acquittee Population, 1980–2009
African Americans and the Marijuana Legalization Paradox
Technological Advocacy and Crime Reporting in an HBCU Setting
Youthful Discretion
Racial Disparities in the Wake of Cannabis Legalization
The Community Loss Index
Socially-Engineered Trauma and a New Social Work Pedagogy
Indigent Injustice
The Canadian war on drugs
Drug prohibition and the criminalization of immigrants
The Social, Psychological, and Political Causes of Racial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System
Making American Sentencing Just, Humane, and Effective
From metaphor to militarized response
Impact of law enforcement-related deaths of unarmed black New Yorkers on emergency department rates, New York 2013–2016
Interpretive frames for responding to racially stressful moments in history discussions
Myths” on the Benefits of Punitive Sentencing Predict Public Support for the Punishment of Drug Crimes
Temporal changes in racial violence, 1980 to 2006
On the Robustness of Black Americans’ Support for the Police
Machine learning analysis of a national sample of U.S. case law involving mental health evidence
Tracing the effects of reducing penalties on crime and prosecution
Race, Racial Resentment, Attentiveness to the News Media, and Public Opinion Toward the Jena Six
Equal justice under law? Prosecutor demographics and the death penalty
Testing Mechanisms
Scholarship and Activism Diverge
Perceptions of Criminal Injustice, Symbolic Racism, and Racial Politics
Neighborhood climates of legal cynicism and complaints about abuse of police power
How Judges Think About Racial Disparities
The American racial divide in fear of the police
Race and policing in the 2016 presidential election
It Goes Both Ways”
Mandatory detention for criminal convictions
Conservative Anger and Police Misconduct
Trends in the Study of Urban Politics
Feeling Politics
Researching American Muslims
Hiding in Plain Sight
Justice and Parental Blameworthiness
Speak About It, Be About It
Drugs, Crime, and Aggravated Felony Deportations
Looking at the Big Picture
Mass Imprisonment and Trust in the Law
Thinking about Crime
Democracy and the Carceral State in America
Race and Determinations of Discrimination
From dealer to doctor
Police Violence and Citizen Crime Reporting in the Black Community
Situational Trust
The Community in Criminal Justice
The War on Drugs, Racial Meanings, and Structural Racism
An Analysis of Black-White Racial Differences in Public Support for Nonviolent Sentencing Reform
Trying to Find the Middle Ground
Online Harassment
The Handbook of Crime and Punishment
When Work Disappears
Ethnicity, race, and crime
Race, crime, and the law
Democracy in America
The Culture of Control
Race, Class, and Perceptions of Discrimination by the Police
Toward a Theory of Race, Crime, and Urban Inequality
Crime and Inequality
An American Dilemma
Race to Incarcerate
Malign Neglect Race, Crime, And Punishment In America
Governing Social Marginality
No Equal Justice
Punitive Attitudes on Crime
The First New Nation
Perceptions of Racial Profiling
Explaining the Great Racial Divide
Mass Imprisonment and the Life Course
Mass Imprisonment
Democratic Contraction? Political Consequences of Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States
Legal Cynicism and (Subcultural?) Tolerance of Deviance
Race, Class, and the Perception of Criminal Injustice in America
A Taste for Punishment
| Unique citing works | 112 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 5,95 |
| Citation span | 2007 - 2026 (20) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 109 |