Children's understanding of second-order mental states
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4420596 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Scott A Miller (0000-0001-5376-570X, University of Florida, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2009 |
| Volume | 135 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 749-773 |
| Publication date | 2009-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychological Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0033-2909 • E-ISSN: 1939-1455 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/a0016854 |
| PMID | 19702381 |
| OpenAlex | W2010048121 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 50 |
| References cited | 52 |
The most popular topic in theory-of-mind research has been first-order false belief: the realization that it is possible to hold false beliefs about events in the world. A more advanced development is second-order false belief: the realization that it is possible to hold a false belief about someone else's belief. This article reviews research directed to second-order false belief and other forms of higher order, recursive mentalistic reasoning. Three general issues are considered. Research directed to developmental changes indicates that preschoolers typically fail second-order tasks and that success emerges at about age 5 or 6, although results vary some with method of assessment. Research directed to the consequences of second-order competence has revealed positive relations with a number of other aspects of children's development. Finally, measures of both language and executive function relate positively to performance on second-order tasks; the causal bases for the correlations, however, remain to be established. This article concludes with suggestions for future research
Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Competence (human resources) · Developmental psychology · False belief · Order (exchange) · Realization (probability) · Theory of mind · Child and Animal Learning Development · Educational Strategies and Epistemologies · Language and cultural evolution · Mathematics · Psychology · Social Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 50 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,33 |
| Citation span | 2011 - 2026 (16) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 44 |