Moving Out but Not Up
Economic Outcomes in the Great Migration
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4522014 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Suzanne C Eichenlaub (University of Washington, [email protected]), Stewart E Tolnay (0000-0001-7792-7435, University of Washington), J Trent Alexander (University of Minnesota) |
| Year | 2010 |
| Volume | 75 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 101-125 |
| Publication date | 2010-02-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Sociological Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0003-1224 • E-ISSN: 1939-8271 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0003122409357047 |
| OpenAlex | W2075689247 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 47 |
| References cited | 53 |
The migration of millions of southerners out of the South between 1910 and 1970 is largely attributed to economic and social push factors in the South, combined with pull factors in other regions of the country. Researchers generally find that participants in this migration were positively selected from their region of origin, in terms of educational attainment and urban status, and that they fared relatively well in their destinations. To fully measure the migrants' success, however, a comparison with those who remained in the South is necessary. This article uses data from the U.S. Census to compare migrants who left the South with their southern contemporaries who stayed behind, both those who moved within the South and the sedentary population. The findings indicate that migrants who left the South did not benefit appreciably in terms of employment status, income, or occupational status. In fact, inter-regional migrants often fared worse than did southerners who moved within the South or those who remained sedentary. These results contradict conventional wisdom regarding the benefits of exiting the South and suggest the need for a revisionist interpretation of the experiences of those who left
Census · Demographic economics · Destinations · Development economics · Economic growth · Economics · Educational attainment · Geography · Occupational mobility · Occupational prestige · Political science · Population · Socioeconomic status · Sociology · Tourism · Demography · Migration and Labor Dynamics · Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
“Call to Home?” Race, Region, and Migration to the U.S. South, 1970–2000 1
The Black Metropolis Legacy
Exoduster Entrepreneurs
Life Course Events and Migration in the Transition to Adulthood
Black Women in the "Black Metropolis" of the Early Twentieth Century
Transnational social mobility of minorities
Racial Gaps in Career Mobility during the Great Migration
Moving Out to Move Up
Reassessing Non-economic Benefits
The Great Migration to the North and the “Black Metropolis” of the early twentieth century
Regionalism, urbanism, and participation in the ministry
The “Dream of Black Metropolis” in the Early Twentieth-Century United States
Understanding the Consequences of Migration for Asset Accumulation
U.S. internal Migration and Occupational Attainment
Natural Environments and Leisure among Rural–to–Urban Immigrants
You’re Not from around Here”
The Great Migration and Residential Segregation in American Cities during the Twentieth Century
Second-Generation Outcomes of the Great Migration
Spatiotemporal Changes in the Slavery–Inequality Relationship
Geographic Migration of Black and White Families Over Four Generations
The ‘Black Metropolis’ Revisited
U.S. Return Migration and the Decline in Southern Black Disadvantage, 1970–2000
Urbanism Theories and the Early Twentieth-Century Black Metropolis
The Dynamics of African-American Health
A Time (Not) Apart
The Great Migration of Black Americans from the US South
Migration, marriage and social mobility
Distinctively black names in the American past
Socioeconomic status in childhood and health after age 70
The mortality consequences of distinctively black names
Urban locations and Black Metropolis resilience in the Great Depression
The Sociology of Urban Black America
Material Girls
Region-Urbanicity Differences in Locus of Control
Gender roles and ethnic income inequality in Ürümchi
Prosperity across generations
The 'Black Metropolis' in the American Urban System of the Early Twentieth Century
The Warmth of Other Suns
Immigration and wages
Urbanization and the Southern United States
Jim Crow and the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis
Neighborhood Attainment Outcomes for Children of the Great Migration
Relative Deprivation and Internal Migration in the United States
Northward Migration and the Rise of Racial Disparity in American Incarceration, 1880-1950
Mode of Migration, Age at Arrival, and Occupational Attainment of Immigrants from Mainland China to Hong Kong
Utility workers
Linking Racial Composition, Black-White Inequality, and Regional Difference
The slum and the ghetto
The shaping of Southern politics
American apartheid
The enduring South
The roots of Black poverty
American exodus
The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935
Migration
Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration
Black Metropolis
The Negro in the United States
American Apartheid
The Declining Significance of Race
The Strange Career of Jim Crow
The Great Migration
Was Postwar Suburbanization “White Flight”? Evidence from the Black Migration
Human Migration
Educational Selectivity of Net Migration from the South
Triumphant Transitions
Distances Traveled during the Great Migration
The Great Migration in Comparative Perspective
The Slum and the Ghetto
The Pursuit of Opportunity
A theory of migration
A comparison between Northern and Southern blacks residing in the North
The educational enrollment of immigrant youth
Race, gender, and marriage
Plain Folk in the New South
The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto
When the Tide Turned
U.S.Regional Growth And Convergence, 1880–1980
Competition in the Promised Land
The Southern Diaspora and the Urban Dispossessed
Urban Industrial Transition and the Underclass
"Migration Experience and Family Patterns in the "Promised Land
Racial Violence and Black Migration in the American South, 1910 to 1930
Poverty Status and Receipt of Welfare Among Migrants and Nonmigrants in Large Cities
Race, Regional Origin, and Residence in Northern Cities at the Beginning of the Great Migration
Regional Origin and Family Stability in Northern Cities
Reinterpretation of Black Return and Nonreturn Migration to the South 1975-1980
Southerners in the West
Explaining Black Southern Migrants' Advantage in Family Stability
The African American 'Great Migration' and Beyond
A Reconsideration of the Income Differences Found Between Migrants and Northern-Born Blacks
Migration and Income Differences Between Black and White Men in the North
| Unique citing works | 47 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,13 |
| Citation span | 2011 - 2025 (15) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 47 |