Exoduster Entrepreneurs
Distinctiveness and Segregation in Minority Communities
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 18988331 |
|---|---|
| Authors | M Ruef (0000-0002-8134-1514, Duke University, corresponding author), Ihsan Beezer (Rutgers Business School, Rutgers University , Newark, NJ 07102 , USA) |
| Year | 2023 |
| Volume | 102 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 517-538 |
| Publication date | 2023-10-12 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Social Forces (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0037-7732 • E-ISSN: 1534-7605 |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1093/sf/soad065 |
| OpenAlex | W4377087666 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1 |
| References cited | 33 |
This study examines the creation of Black communities in the context of the Exoduster movement, the first major migration of African Americans out of the southern and border states. We focus initially on Nicodemus, Kansas, a site with well-preserved archival information, and then turn to census microdata on roughly three-hundred African-American communities that emerged in Kansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma between 1880 and 1920. Analysis of these communities informs a general model of minority-majority group relations that is differentiated along two dimensions: spatial segregation and the distinctiveness of business activities. Under conditions of prejudice from the majority ethno-racial group, the model predicts that rates of minority business proprietorship and community growth will increase with segregation and distinctiveness, but that the joint occurrence of these conditions presents an existential threat. We draw conclusions for the trajectories of several well-known Black communities, including Nicodemus, Tulsa, and Langston, Oklahoma
Archaeology · Census · Cohesion (chemistry) · Context (archaeology) · Ethnic group · Geography · Microdata (statistics) · Minority group · Optimal distinctiveness theory · Political science · Population · Sociology · Anthropology · Demography · Gender Studies · Migration and Labor Dynamics · Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy · Psychology · Social Psychology · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
Chinatown
African Americans and the Southern Homestead Act
Ethnic Enterprise in America
The Separation of Home and Work
Livin’ for the city
When and Where Residential Racial Segregation Matters for the Black Self-employment Rate
Death in a Promised Land
Advancing Research on Minority Entrepreneurship
Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position
Embeddedness and Immigration
Jim Crow, Ethnic Enclaves, and Status Attainment
We Built This
Civil War on the Western Border
Community and Capital in Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth
Moving Out but Not Up
The Historical Demography of Racial Segregation
Routing Black Migration to the Urban US South
Combining Economics and Sociology in Migration Theory
Organizations and Local Development
Postbellum Race Relations and Rural Land Tenure
Black Capitalism and Black Inequality
Ethnic Residential Concentration and the Protected Market Hypothesis
Neighborhood Segregation and Business Outcomes
The African American 'Great Migration' and Beyond
Warmth of the Welcome
Neither Here nor There? How the New Geography of Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship Disadvantages African Americans
| Unique citing works | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1 |
| Citation span | 2025 - 2025 (1) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 1 |