Jim Crow, Ethnic Enclaves, and Status Attainment
Occupational Mobility among U.S. Blacks, 1880–1940
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 7612938 |
|---|---|
| Authors | M Ruef (0000-0002-8134-1514, Duke University), Angelina Grigoryeva (0000-0003-3775-4669, University of Toronto) |
| Year | 2018 |
| Volume | 124 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 814-859 |
| Publication date | 2018-11-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Journal of Sociology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0002-9602 • E-ISSN: 1537-5390 |
| Publisher | University of Chicago Press (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1086/701020 |
| OpenAlex | W2911292377 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 13 |
| References cited | 67 |
Demographic and ecological theories yield mixed evidence as to whether ethnic enclaves are a benefit or a hindrance to the status attainment of residents and entrepreneurs. This article provides one possible theoretical resolution by separating the positive effects that may emanate among co-ethnic neighbors from the negative effects that may result with the concentration of racial or ethnic groups. The theory is tested by analyzing occupational wage attainment and entrepreneurship among African-Americans between 1880 and 1940, a historical context in which Jim Crow laws imposed segregation exogenously. Drawing on cross-sectional and panel census data for representative samples of blacks in the United States, the results suggest consistent upward occupational mobility among residents with same-race neighbors, accompanied with downward mobility among residents who are concentrated in larger racialized enclaves. Both patterns are also observed in the distribution of entrepreneurial activity among blacks during the Jim Crow era
Census · Context (archaeology) · Demographic economics · Distribution (mathematics) · Economics · Educational attainment · Entrepreneurship · Ethnic group · Geography · Labour economics · Occupational mobility · Occupational prestige · Occupational segregation · Political science · Population · Race (biology) · Social mobility · Social science · Socioeconomic status · Sociology · Status attainment · Wage · Anthropology · Demography · Gender Studies · Law · Medicine · Migration and Labor Dynamics · Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies · Gerontology
Moving Out to Move Up
Long-term decline in intergenerational mobility in the United States since the 1850s
Profit or Protection? Evictions and Housing Dynamics in Immigrant Neighborhoods
Reassessing Non-economic Benefits
Local historical context and multigenerational socioeconomic attainment
The Legacy of Slavery and Contemporary Racial Disparities in Arrest Rates
Exoduster Entrepreneurs
Structural racism and health in the age of Covid‐19
The Enduring Equity Impacts of the Tulsa Race Massacre
Black Americans' Diminished Health Returns of Professional Occupations
Social Transformation and Violence
The Historical Racial Regime and Racial Inequality in Poverty in the American South
Jim Crow and the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis
Chinatown
The truly disadvantaged
American apartheid
The Two Reconstructions
Black Metropolis
Latin Journey
Competition and Coercion
Ethnic Enclaves and the Economic Success of Immigrants--Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Housing Segregation, Negro Employment, and Metropolitan Decentralization
Social Networks and Status Attainment
Are Ghettos Good or Bad
Ethnic Enterprise in America
Ethnic Enclaves and Immigrant Labor Market Outcomes
Ethnic Environment During Childhood and the Educational Attainment of Immigrant Children in Sweden
Neighborhood Associations and Social Capital
Ethnic enclave residence, employment, and commuting of Latino workers
Southern Suburb/Northern City
Ethnic concentration and entrepreneurship
New Methods of Census Record Linking
Ethnic Enclaves and the Earnings of Immigrants
Urban Locations of Eminent Black Entrepreneurs in the United States
Residential Segregation and Ethnic Enterprise in U.S. Metropolitan Areas
Neighborhood Ethnic Composition and Resident Perceptions of Safety in European Countries
A Piece of the Pie
Sundown Towns
Building Businesses, Creating Communities
Residential Segregation by Law, 1910-1917
Entropy Balancing for Causal Effects
Embeddedness and Immigration
Where Do Immigrants Fare Worse? Modeling Workplace Wage Gap Variation with Longitudinal Employer-Employee Data
Entrepreneurship and self-help among Black Americans
Revisiting Ethnic Entrepreneurship
Ethnic Hegemony and the Japanese of California
Returns on Human Capital in Ethic Enclaves
The Enclave and the Entrants
Limits of Ethnic Solidarity in the Enclave Economy
Primary, Secondary, and Enclave Labor Markets
The National Rise in Residential Segregation
The Costs of Simplicity
Beyond the Census Tract
Immigrant Enclaves and Ethnic Communities in New York and Los Angeles
The Historical Demography of Racial Segregation
The ethnic enclave debate revisited
Ethnic Neighborhoods in Multi-Ethnic America, 1990-2000
Ethnicity, Niches, and Retail Enterprise in Northern Cities, 1900
The Ethnic Mobility Trap and Stratification Theory
Black Retail Enterprise and Racial Segregation in Northern Cities before the 'Ghetto
Assessing 'Neighborhood Effects
Ethnic Enclaves and the Attainments of Immigrant Children
The Spatial Scale and Spatial Configuration of Residential Settlement
Ethnic Enclaves
Immigrant Enclaves
The Strength of Weak Ties
The City
Ghetto
| Unique citing works | 13 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,17 |
| Citation span | 2020 - 2026 (7) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 12 |