Unintended consequences of the 'bushmeat ban' in West Africa during the 2013-2016 Ebola virus disease epidemic

Bibliographic Data

ID4601472
AuthorsJesse Bonwitt (0000-0002-0510-2802, Durham University, corresponding author), Michael N Dawson (0000-0001-7927-8395), Michael Dawson, Martin Kandeh (Njala University), Rashid Ansumana (0000-0002-1973-7200), Foday Sahr (0000-0001-9816-4502, University of Sierra Leone), Hannah Brown (0000-0001-7933-3024), Ann H Kelly (0000-0003-4658-2133, King's College London)
Year2018
Volume200
Pages166-173
Publication date2018-03-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocial Science & Medicine (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0277-9536 • E-ISSN: 1873-5347
PublisherElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.028
PMID29421463
OpenAlexW2787565386
LanguageEN
Citations received41
References cited30

Following the 2013-2016 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa, governments across the region imposed a ban on the hunting and consumption of meat from wild animals. This injunction was accompanied by public health messages emphasising the infectious potential of wild meat, or 'bushmeat.' Using qualitative methods, we examine the local reception and impact of these interventions. Fieldwork was focused in 9 villages in the Eastern and Southern provinces of Sierra Leone between August and December 2015. We conducted 47 semi-structured interviews, coordinated 12 informal group discussions, and conducted direct observations throughout. We also draw from research undertaken in Sierra Leone immediately before the outbreak, and from our participation in the EVD response in Guinea and Sierra Leone. Our findings underscore the social and political reverberations of hunting proscriptions. Messaging that unilaterally stressed the health risk posed by wild meat contradicted the experiences of target publics, who consume wild meat without incident. This epistemic dissonance radically undercut the effectiveness of the ban, which merely served to proliferate informal networks of wild animal trade and sale-rendering the development of acceptable, evidence-based surveillance and mitigation strategies for zoonotic spillovers almost impossible. Further, the criminalisation of wild meat consumption fuelled fears and rumours within communities under considerable strain from the health, social, and economic effects of the epidemic, entrenching distrust towards outbreak responders and exacerbating pre-existing tensions within villages. These unintended consequences are instructive for public health emergency response and preparedness. While wild meat is a risk for zoonotic infection, mitigating those risks entails interventions that fully take into account the local significances of hunting-including a communicative engagement that is designed, validated, and continually refined before emergency situations. Ultimately, our research questions the value of legal sanctions as a means of behavioural change in an emergency context

Biology · Bushmeat · Disease · Disease Eradication · Ebola virus · Ebolavirus · Environmental health · Geography · Outbreak · Political science · Public health · Socioeconomics · Sociology · Unintended consequences · Wildlife · Law · Medicine · Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research · Viral Infections and Vectors · Zoonotic diseases and public health · Virology