Cultivation, chemistry, and genome of Psilocybe zapotecorum

Bibliographic Data

ID4655604
AuthorsDusty Rose Miller (0000-0002-2376-4543, Vanderbilt University, corresponding author), Jordan Taylor Jacobs (Tryp Labs LLC, 534 SW 3rd Avenue, Suite 808, Portland, OR 97204, USA), Alan Rockefeller (0000-0002-5746-8611, The Entheome Foundation, 1721 Broadway #201, Oakland, CA 94612, USA), Harte Singer (0000-0001-5620-9645, The Entheome Foundation, 1721 Broadway #201, Oakland, CA 94612, USA), Ian M Bollinger (The Entheome Foundation, 1721 Broadway #201, Oakland, CA 94612, USA), James Conway (0000-0002-1725-8193, Tryp Labs LLC, 534 SW 3rd Avenue, Suite 808, Portland, OR 97204, USA), Jason C Slot (0000-0001-6731-3405, Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies), David E Cliffel (0000-0001-8756-106X, Vanderbilt University)
Year2024
Volume8
Issue1
Pages63-81
Publication date2024-04-10
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Psychedelic Studies (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2559-9283 • E-ISSN: 2559-9283
PublisherAkademiai Kiado Zrt (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1556/2054.2023.00332
PMID41836496
OpenAlexW4393993168
LanguageEN
References cited9

Psilocybe zapotecorum is a strongly blue-bruising psilocybin mushroom used by indigenous groups in southeastern Mexico and beyond. While this species has a rich history of ceremonial use, research into its chemistry and genetics has been limited. Herein, we report on mushroom morphology, cultivation parameters, chemical profile, and the full genome sequence of P. zapotecorum. First, we detail growth and cloning methods that are simple, and reproducible. In combination with high resolution microscopic analysis, the strain was identified by DNA barcoding, confirming the field identification. Full genome sequencing reveals the architecture of the psilocybin gene cluster in P. zapotecorum, and can serve as a reference genome for Psilocybe clade I. Characterization of the tryptamine profile revealed a psilocybin concentration of 17.9 ± 1.7 mg/g, with a range of 10.6-25.7 mg/g (n = 7), and similar tryptamines (psilocin, baeocystin, norbaeocystin, norpsilocin, aeruginascin, and 4-HO-tryptamine) in lesser concentrations for a combined tryptamine concentration of 22.5 ± 3.2 mg/g. These results show P. zapotecorum to be a potent and chemically variable Psilocybe mushroom. Chemical profiling, genetic analysis, and cultivation assist in demystifying these mushrooms. As clinical studies with psilocybin gain traction, understanding the diversity of Psilocybe expands the conversation beyond the molecule

Biology · Computational biology · Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology · Chemical synthesis and alkaloids · Chemistry · Psychedelics and Drug Studies

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