Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Willingness to Communicate, Speaking Self-Efficacy, and Perceived Communicative Competence as Predictors of Second Language Spoken Task Production

Bibliographic Data

ID4808554
AuthorsPaul Leeming (0000-0003-1850-6555, Kindai University), Joseph P Vitta (0000-0002-5711-969X, Kyushu University, corresponding author), Phil Hiver (0000-0002-2004-7960, Florida State University), Dillon Hicks (0000-0002-9399-4694, Osaka International University), Stuart Mclean (0000-0002-7035-378X, Kindai University), C Nicklin (0000-0002-8945-0678, The University of Tokyo)
Year2024
Volume74
Issue4
Pages917-949
Publication date2024-12-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueLanguage Learning (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0023-8333 • E-ISSN: 1467-9922
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/lang.12640
OpenAlexW4393315003
LanguageEN
Citations received14
References cited69

This study investigated how students' self-reported individual differences predicted second language (L2) spoken discussion task output, an objective behavioral outcome, in the Japanese university English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. Although numerous psychological theories are used as a rationale for task-based language teaching (TBLT), few studies have investigated the impact of individual differences variables on task performance. To address this gap, a cross-validation procedure was used with students (N = 439) from two different universities. They completed questionnaires to measure willingness to communicate (WTC), speaking self-efficacy (SSE), and perceived communicative competence (PCC). They also engaged in a quasiacademic eight-minute group discussion task (TBLT design). This discussion was recorded and transcribed, with the number of words produced used as an objective measure of L2 task production. In the better fitting mediation structural equation model, the influences of SSE and PCC on spoken L2 task production were fully mediated by WTC (R2 = .21

Communicative competence · Competence (human resources) · Linguistics · Pedagogy · Spoken language · Task (project management) · Willingness to communicate · Communication in Education and Healthcare · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning · Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • The relative importance of peace of mind, grit, and classroom environment in predicting willingness to communicate among learners in multi-ethnic regions

    Open Access•Kui Yin, Kun Yin et al.•BMC Psychology•2025

  • The mediating role of willingness to communicate

    Open Access•Pengjin Wang, Gaowei Chen•Language Teaching Research•2026

  • Task-based learning and translanguaging

    Open Access•Ervina CM Simatupang•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2025

  • Physical Exercise and EFL Learners’ Communication Competence

    Open Access•Yefeng Qiu, Linlin Liu et al.•SAGE Open•2025

  • Fit-hacking

    Open Access•Ali H Al‐hoorie, Yo In''Nami et al.•Studies in Second Language…•2026

  • Exploring the Role of Informal Digital English Learning in EFL Students' Communication Behaviour in Iran and Macau

    Open Access•Ali Soyoof, Bruce L Reynolds•Journal of Computer Assisted…•2026

  • Exploring the hierarchical antecedents of willingness to communicate and its relationship with utterance fluency in learning Chinese as a foreign language

    Peijian Paul Sun•IRAL - International Review of…•2026

  • Demystifying the role of L2 speaking embarrassment and anxiety in the interaction of bilingual learners’ self-efficacy and willingness to communicate (WTC)

    Robert Kirkpatrick, Ali Derakhshan et al.•Applied Linguistics Review•2026

  • Investigating How Self‐Efficacy and L2 Grit Influence Language Learners’ Well‐Being

    Open Access•Şafak Uçmaz•International Journal of Applied…•2026

  • Modeling speaking performance in young learners of Chinese as a heritage language

    Open Access•Peijian Paul Sun, Jiayi Zhang et al.•System•2024

  • Integrated effects of interactional cognitions and emotional regulation capacity on peer interaction in the L2 classroom

    Open Access•Banban Li, Phil Hiver et al.•System•2025

  • How L2 grit fuels optimism and cognitive engagement to promote willingness to communicate in English among junior high students

    Open Access•Xiang Li, Zhongfeng Wang et al.•System•2025

  • Willingness to communicate, demographic variables, and oral proficiency among adult learners of Chinese

    Yu Li•Journal of Multilingual and…•2025

  • Self‐Efficacy and Collective‐Efficacy as Predictors of Engagement in Group Conversation

    Open Access•Paul Leeming, Justin Harris•TESOL Quarterly•2025

  • Task-Based Language Teaching

    Open Access•Rod Ellis, Peter Skehan et al.•Task-Based Language Teaching•2019

  • The Psychology of the Language Learner Revisited

    Zoltán Dörnyei, Stephen Ryan•The psychology of the language…•2015

  • L2 grit

    Open Access•Yasser Teimouri, Luke Plonsky et al.•Language Teaching Research•2022

  • Attention

    Open Access•Richard Schmidt•Cognition and Second Language…•2001

  • Rebutting Existing Misconceptions About Multiple Imputation as a Method for Handling Missing Data

    Open Access•Joost R Van Ginkel, Mariëlle Linting et al.•Journal of Personality Assessment•2020

  • Motivating young language learners

    Open Access•W L Quint Oga-Baldwin, Yoshiyuki Nakata et al.•Contemporary Educational Psychology•2017

  • Situated willingness to communicate in an L2

    Open Access•Tomoko Yashima, Peter D Macintyre et al.•Language Teaching Research•2018

  • Academic Buoyancy

    Open Access•Saerom Yun, Phil Hiver et al.•Studies in Second Language…•2018

  • Role of the Emotions and Classroom Environment in Willingness to Communicate

    Open Access•Gholam Hassan Khajavy, Peter D Macintyre et al.•Studies in Second Language…•2018

  • Classroom social climate, self-determined motivation, willingness to communicate, and achievement

    Open Access•Hye-Kyoung Joe, Phil Hiver et al.•Learning and Individual Differences•2017

  • Relative Performance of Categorical Diagonally Weighted Least Squares and Robust Maximum Likelihood Estimation

    Deborah L Bandalos•Structural Equation Modeling: A…•2014

  • Missing Data in Clinical Research

    Open Access•Peter C Austin, I R White et al.•Canadian Journal of Cardiology•2021

  • Classroom environment and willingness to communicate in English

    Open Access•Chengchen Li, Jean-Marc Dewaele et al.•Language Teaching Research•2025

  • The Role of the Linguistic Environment in Second Language Acquisition

    M H Long•Handbook of second language…•1996

  • Self-Efficacy

    Albert Bandura, W H Freeman et al.•Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy•1999

  • Validation of a New General Self-Efficacy Scale

    Open Access•Gilad Chen, Stanley M Gully et al.•Organizational Research Methods•2001

  • A Dynamic System Approach to Willingness to Communicate

    Peter D Macintyre, J J Legatto•Applied Linguistics•2011

  • Automated Speech Recognition in language learning

    Open Access•Michael Carrier•Training, Language and Culture•2017

  • Motivational dispositions predict qualitative differences in oral task performance

    Open Access•Mostafa Papi, Mijin Eom et al.•Studies in Second Language…•2023

  • Effect Size–driven Sample-Size Planning, Randomization, and Multisite Use in L2 Instructed Vocabulary Acquisition Experimental Samples

    Open Access•Joseph P Vitta, C Nicklin et al.•Studies in Second Language…•2022

  • Bridging the Gap Between Willingness to Communicate and Learner Talk

    Open Access•Nathan Ducker, NATHAN THOMAS DUCKER•Modern Language Journal•2022

  • Multiple Perspectives on the Self in SLA

    Shanara Mercer, Sarah Mercer et al.•Multiple Perspectives on the Self…•2014

  • Sample Size Requirements for Structural Equation Models

    Open Access•Erika J Wolf, Kelly Harrington et al.•Educational and Psychological…•2013

  • Monitoring the performance of human and automated scores for spoken responses

    Open Access•Zhen Wang, Klaus Zechner et al.•Language Testing•2018

  • The Identity Crisis in Language Motivation Research

    Open Access•Ali H Al‐hoorie, Phil Hiver et al.•Journal of Language and Social…•2021

  • Psychological correlates of university students' academic performance

    Michelle Richardson, Charles Abraham et al.•Psychological Bulletin•2012

  • Interactional context and willingness to communicate

    Open Access•Yiqian Cao, Jenefer Philp•System•2006

  • Protecting and enhancing willingness to communicate with idiodynamic peer-peer strategy sharing

    Open Access•Nathan Ducker•System•2021

  • Investigating the dynamic nature of L2 willingness to communicate

    Open Access•Mirosław Pawlak, Anna Mystkowska‐Wiertelak et al.•System•2015

  • An examination of the dynamic feature of WTC through dyadic group interaction

    Open Access•Miao Yu•System•2015

  • Fluctuations in Japanese English majors’ capacity to speak before, during and after studying abroad

    Open Access•Simon Humphries, Scott Aubrey et al.•System•2023

  • Interaction and instructed second language acquisition

    Open Access•Sasha Loewen, Shawn Loewen et al.•Language Teaching•2018

  • Some directions for the possible survival of TBLT as a real world project

    Open Access•Martin Bygate•Language Teaching•2020

  • A Sociocognitive Perspective on Second Language Classroom Willingness to Communicate

    Open Access•Yiqian Katherine Cao, Yiqian Cao•TESOL Quarterly•2014

  • Enhancing EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate With Visualization and Goal‐Setting Activities

    Open Access•Mutahar Al‐Murtadha•TESOL Quarterly•2019

  • Causal Relationships Between Communication Confidence, Beliefs About Group Work, and Willingness to Communicate in Foreign Language Group Work

    Open Access•KUMIKO FUSHINO•TESOL Quarterly•2010

  • Dynamic emergence of situational willingness to communicate in a second language

    Open Access•Su-Ja Kang•System•2005

  • Cognitive Complexity and Task Sequencing

    Peter Robinson•IRAL - International Review of…•2005

  • Multisite Replication in Second Language Acquisition Research

    Open Access•Kara Morgan‐short, Emma Marsden et al.•Language Learning•2018

Unique citing works14
Citations per year7
Citation span2024 - 2026 (3)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 14

Tools

Open DOIOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae