Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Shaming the Corporation

The Social Production of Targets and the Anti-Sweatshop Movement

Bibliographic Data

ID4957572
AuthorsT Bartley (0000-0002-0049-0607), Curtis Child (0000-0001-9460-7249, Brigham Young University)
Year2014
Volume79
Issue4
Pages653-679
Publication date2014-08-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueAmerican Sociological Review (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0003-1224 • E-ISSN: 1939-8271
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/0003122414540653
OpenAlexW1998263272
LanguageEN
Citations received100
References cited61

As social movements co-evolve with changes in states and markets, it is crucial to examine how they make particular kinds of actors into focal points for the expression of grievances and the demand for rights. But researchers often bracket the question of why some kinds of organizations are more likely than others to become targets of social movement pressure. We theorize the "social production of targets" by social movements, rejecting a simple "reflection" model to focus on configurations of power and vulnerability that shape repertoires of contention. Empirically, we extend structural accounts of global commodity chains and cultural accounts of markets to analyze the production of targets in the case of the anti-sweatshop movement of the 1990s. Using a longitudinal, firm-level dataset and unique data on anti-sweatshop activism, we identify factors that attracted social movement pressure to particular companies. Firms' power and positions strongly shaped their likelihood of becoming targets of anti-sweatshop activism. But the likelihood of being a target also depended on the cultural organization of markets, which made some firms more "shamable" than others. Contrary to suggestions of an anti-globalization backlash, globalization on its own, and related predictions about protectionism, cannot explain the pattern of activism

Backlash · Commodity · Commodity chain · Corporation · Economic system · Economics · Globalization · Market economy · Microeconomics · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Power (physics · Production (economics · Protectionism · Social movement · Sweatshop · Elite Sociology and Global Capitalism · Global trade, sustainability, and social impact · International Business and FDI · Law

  • Organizations as Sites and Drivers of Social Action

    Open Access•Walter W Powell, Christof Brandtner•Handbook of Contemporary…•2016

  • Social Activism in and Around Organizations

    Forrest Briscoe, Abhinav Gupta•Academy of Management Annals•2016

  • Scrutiny, Norms, and Selective Disclosure

    Christopher Marquis, Michael W Toffel et al.•Organization Science•2016

  • The diversity pendulum

    Open Access•Lisa A Marchiondo, Alicia R Ingersoll et al.•Social Problems•2026

  • Gatekeeping and the Use of Contested Practices in Creative Industries

    F Godart, Greta Hsu et al.•Organization Science•2023

  • Social Enterprises as Agents of Social Justice

    Open Access•Theodore M Lechterman, Johanna Mair•Organization Studies•2024

  • Fairtrade Certification, Labor Standards, and Labor Rights

    L T Raynolds•Sociology of Development•2018

  • Land grabbing, CSR, and the (de)mobilization of resistance

    Open Access•Jan Sändig•Zeitschrift für Friedens- und…•2024

  • Institutional change and the limitations of consumer activism

    Open Access•Jacy Reese Anthis, Jacy Reese•Palgrave Communications•2020

  • Do preferential trade agreements with labor clauses displace labor abuses? The unintended consequences of global governance on labor standards

    Open Access•Alessandro Guasti•Review of International Political…•2026

  • Fournisseurs et travailleurs de l'habillement

    Open Access•Mark Anner•Revue internationale du Travail•2022

  • Goal-Based Private Sustainability Governance and Its Paradoxes in the Indonesian Palm Oil Sector

    Open Access•Janina Grabs, Rhianna Garrett et al.•Journal of Business Ethics•2023

  • Indigenous peoples’ reactions to foreign direct investment

    Open Access•Anne Spencer Jamison, Doron Tadmor et al.•Journal of International Business…•2025

  • Cross-sector collaborations in global supply chains as an opportunity structure

    Open Access•Wenjie Liu, Pursey P M A R Heugens et al.•Journal of International Business…•2024

  • After Rana Plaza

    Open Access•Stephen J Frenkel, Shahidur Rahman et al.•Journal of Industrial Relations•2022

  • Escaping the Ellipsis of Diversity

    Open Access•Lisa Buchter•Administrative Science Quarterly•2021

  • Order from Chaos

    Open Access•Felipe G Massa, Siobhan O’Mahony•Administrative Science Quarterly•2021

  • From Constructive Ambiguity to Escalating Commitment

    Open Access•Juliane Reinecke, Jimmy Donaghey•Administrative Science Quarterly•2025

  • Organization-as-Platform Activism

    Open Access•Alexandra Rheinhardt, Forrest Briscoe et al.•Administrative Science Quarterly•2023

  • Inhabited Ecosystems

    Open Access•Rich Dejordy, Maureen Scully et al.•Administrative Science Quarterly•2020

  • How Activists Collaboratively Divide the Labor of Making Change

    Open Access•Lisa Buchter, Elise Lobbedez•Administrative Science Quarterly•2025

  • Transforming Markets? Activists’ Strategic Orientations and Engagement With Private Governance

    Open Access•Graeme Auld•Organization & Environment•2018

  • Life on the Edge

    Open Access•Sam Sarpong•Human Arenas•2020

  • Ambiguous Actorhood

    Open Access•Carly Knight, Adam Goldstein•Sociological Science•2025

  • Understanding the Organization of Green Activism

    Open Access•Anthony Heyes, B G King et al.•Organization & Environment•2020

  • The Shadow of the Consumer

    Open Access•Graham Bullock, Hamish Van Der Ven•Organization & Environment•2020

  • The Pervasiveness of Corporate Authority

    Sara Angeli Aguiton, Marc-Olivier Déplaude et al.•Pervasive Powers•2021

  • Understanding contemporary forms of exploitation

    Jae Yun Kim, Troy Campbell et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2020

  • Exporting Sweatshops? Evidence from Myanmar

    Mari Tanaka•The Review of Economics and…•2020

  • Symbolic ambivalence

    Open Access•Yan Fang•Law & Society Review•2026

  • Beyond contention

    Open Access•Apoorva Ghosh•Theory and Society•2026

  • Information et désinformation des consommateurs

    Thomas Depecker, Marc-Olivier Déplaude•Terrains & travaux•2017

  • Eliminating Corporate Exploitation

    Ashley Feasley•Journal of Human Trafficking•2016

  • Framing access to medicines during Covid-19

    Open Access•Matt Flynn, Eric O Silva•Global Public Health•2021

  • Uncovering missing links in global value chain research – and implications for corporate social responsibility and international business

    Open Access•Merel Serdijn, Ans Kolk et al.•Critical Perspectives on…•2020

  • Globalization, academic knowledge interests and the global careers discourse

    Steve McKenna, Amanda Peticca‐harri•Critical Perspectives on…•2016

  • Endogenous Dynamics in Contentious Fields

    Open Access•R A Benton, Jihae You•Socius Sociological Research for…•2017

  • Robust Discourse and the Politics of Legitimacy

    Open Access•Eric Schwoon, W Duxbury•Sociological Science•2019

  • To err is human but to persist is diabolical

    Open Access•T Stivers, A Chalfoun et al.•Frontiers in Sociology•2024

  • Do Factory Audits Improve International Labor Standards? An Examination of Voluntary Corporate Labor Regulations in Global Production Networks

    Open Access•Scott R Sanders, Michael R Cope et al.•Social Sciences•2018

  • Corporate responsibility and the state

    Open Access•Alvise Favotto, Ken Kollman•Interest Groups & Advocacy•2025

  • Power at a distance

    Open Access•T Bartley, Matthew Soener et al.•Sociology Compass•2019

  • Business for Climate

    Daniel R Witte•Global Environmental Politics•2020

  • NGOs and Global Business Regulation of Transnational Alcohol and Ultra-Processed Food Industries

    Open Access•R Ralston, Billie Townsend et al.•Policy and Society•2024

  • The Extent and Limits of (Workplace) Democracy

    Open Access•Teppo Eskelinen•Critical Horizons•2026

  • Global Production Networks and Activism

    Michael Bloomfield, Michael John Bloomfield•New Political Economy•2017

  • Workers’ rights in global value chains

    Layna Mosley•New Political Economy•2017

  • Gatekeeper power

    Hamish Van Der Ven•Review of International Political…•2018

  • Demunicipalization as political process

    Open Access•David J He, Megan Jordan et al.•Utilities Policy•2023

  • Before and After Ban the Box

    Open Access•Lesley E Schneider, M Vuolo et al.•Law & Social Inquiry•2021

  • Beyond the protest paradigm

    Open Access•E Amenta, Neal Caren et al.•Sociological Forum•2024

  • The “Social Europe” effect

    Damian Rae, Patrick Wagner•International Interactions•2024

  • What exploitation is

    Open Access•Benjamin Ferguson, Peter Hans Matthews et al.•American Journal of Political…•2026

  • The effects of target vulnerabilities on social movement outcomes

    Open Access•Michael Mulcahy, Michael J Mulcahy et al.•Social Science Research•2022

  • What Drives the News Coverage of US Social Movements

    Open Access•Weijun Yuan, Neal Caren et al.•Social Forces•2023

  • All the Right Movements? Mediation, Rightist Movements, and Why US Movements Received Extensive Newspaper Coverage

    E Amenta, Thomas Elliott et al.•Social Forces•2017

  • Financialization goes South

    Open Access•Matthew Soener•International Journal of…•2023

  • Exiting Russia

    Open Access•Rachel L Wellhausen, Boliang Zhu•American Political Science Review•2026

  • Au-delà de la confrontation

    L Bereni, Sophie Dubuisson-Quellier•Revue Française de Sociologie•2021

  • Sweatshops at work? An exploration through bibliometric analysis

    Open Access•Manoj Kumar Kamila, Sahil Singh Jasrotia et al.•Sustainable Futures•2025

  • How does exposure to Eiti member countries affect extractive industry conduct

    Open Access•Ivar Kolstad, Arne Wiig•Review of International Political…•2025

  • Public-Private Governance Initiatives and Corporate Responses to Stakeholder Complaints

    Open Access•Calvin Thrall•International Organization•2021

  • From voluntary to mandatory corporate accountability

    Open Access•David Weihrauch, Sophia Carodenuto et al.•Regulation & Governance•2023

  • Social Movements and Market Transformations

    Ethan B Kapstein, Joshua W Busby•International Studies Quarterly•2016

  • Chains of Love? Global Production and the Firm‐Level Diffusion of Labor Standards

    Open Access•Edmund J Malesky, Layna Mosley•American Journal of Political…•2018

  • Does Compliance Pay? Social Standards and Firm‐Level Trade

    Open Access•Greg Distelhorst, Richard M Locke•American Journal of Political…•2018

  • Anti-corporate activism and market change

    Sophie Dubuisson-Quellier•Social movement studies•2021

  • Toward More-Than-Human Understandings of Sport and the Environment

    Open Access•Julie Brice, Julie E Brice et al.•Frontiers in Sports and Active…•2021

  • The adverse impact of accountability policies

    Open Access•Kwon Hee Han, R A Benton•Socio-Economic Review•2025

  • A Dynamic Process Model of Private Politics

    Open Access•Mary-Hunter Mcdonnell, B G King et al.•American Sociological Review•2015

  • The Politics of Alignment and the 'Quiet Transgender Revolution' in Fortune 500 Corporations, 2008 to 2017

    Open Access•Apoorva Ghosh•Socio-Economic Review•2021

  • No Laughter among Thieves

    Open Access•Phillip Reilly•American Sociological Review•2018

  • Order in the Court

    Open Access•Mary-Hunter Mcdonnell, Mary‐hunter Mcdonnell et al.•American Sociological Review•2018

  • Global Markets, Corporate Assurances, and the Legitimacy of State Intervention

    Open Access•Matthew Amengual, T Bartley•American Sociological Review•2022

  • Policy Generosity, Employer Heterogeneity, and Women's Employment Opportunities

    Open Access•E Mun, J Jung•American Sociological Review•2018

  • Authority, strategy, and influence

    Sarah S Stroup, Wendy H Wong•Environmental Politics•2018

  • The Far Right Culture War on ESG

    Open Access•Chris Crews•Religions•2023

  • Why do firms financialize? Meso-level evidence from the US apparel and footwear industry, 1991-2005

    Matthew Soener•Socio-Economic Review•2015

  • The illusion of transparency

    Open Access•Davon Norris•Socio-Economic Review•2023

  • A struggle on two fronts

    J Jung•Socio-Economic Review•2015

  • How religio-economic projects succeed and fail

    Open Access•Ryan Calder•Socio-Economic Review•2019

  • Just Like Global Firms

    Open Access•Swethaa Ballakrishnen, Swethaa S Ballakrishnen•Law & Society Review•2019

  • Women Workers and the Politics of Claims Making

    Open Access•Naila Kabeer•Development and Change•2018

  • Labour as a Transnational Actor

    Open Access•Marissa Brookes•Development and Change•2017

  • Spillover Effects across Transnational Industrial Relations Agreements

    Open Access•Sarah Ashwin, Chikako Oka et al.•Industrial and Labor Relations…•2020

  • Movement meaning of money

    Open Access•M S Ho, Ming-Sho Ho•The Sociological Review•2024

  • Under the Radar

    Open Access•Carly Knight, Frank Dobbins et al.•American Sociological Review•2022

  • Between Legitimacy and Cost

    Open Access•Chunyun Li, Sarosh Kuruvilla et al.•Industrial and Labor Relations…•2025

  • Quiet politics

    Open Access•Minwoo Jung•The Sociological Review•2022

  • Governance of Labor Standards in Australian and German Garment Supply Chains

    Open Access•Elke Schuessler, Stephen J Frenkel et al.•Industrial and Labor Relations…•2019

  • The role of experience in a governmental regulatory investigation in the US automobile industry

    Mooweon Rhee, Tohyun Kim•Socio-Economic Review•2015

  • Collaborer avec le marché

    Noé Kabouche, Sophie Dubuisson-Quellier•Revue Française de Sociologie•2021

  • Beyond Clicktivism

    Open Access•Yevgeniya Li, Jean-Grégoire Bernard et al.•Social Media + Society•2021

  • In debt to the time-bank

    Open Access•Jean Jenkins, Paul Blyton•Work Employment and Society•2017

  • Halalization

    Open Access•Ryan Calder•Sociological Theory•2020

  • The Importance of Micro-level Effects on Social Movement Outcomes

    Open Access•Rachel V Kutz-Flamenbaum, Rachel V Kutz‐flamenbaum•Sociological Perspectives•2016

  • The Cultural Impacts of Social Movements

    Edwin Amenta, Francesca Polletta•Annual Review of Sociology•2019

  • Striking News

    L W Isaac, Jonathan S Coley et al.•American Journal of Sociology•2022

  • Time and Punishment

    Laura Doering, Laura B Doering et al.•American Journal of Sociology•2021

  • The Right to Work, Power Resources, and Economic Inequality

    T Vanheuvelen•American Journal of Sociology•2020

  • Global production

    Edna Bonacich, Lucie Cheng•Global production•1994

  • The Sources of Social Power

    Open Access•Mary Lee Mann, Michael Mann•Sources of Social Power Vol. 1•1986

  • Behind the Label

    Bonacich/Appelbaum Bonacich/Appelbaum, Edna Bonacich et al.•Behind the Label•2000

  • Threads

    J L Collins•Threads•2003

  • Regimes and Repertoires

    Charles Tilly•Regimes and Repertoires•2006

  • The New Transnational Activism

    Open Access•Sidney Tarrow•New Transnational Activism•2005

  • Fuzzy

    Open Access•K C Longest, Vaisey et al.•The Stata Journal: Promoting…•2008

  • The Targets of Social Movements

    Nella Van Dyke, Sarah A Soule et al.•Authority in contention•2004

  • International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain

    Open Access•Gary Gereffi•Journal of International Economics•1999

  • Repertoires and cycles of collective action

    Mark Traugott•Repertoires and cycles of…•1995

  • Social Movements and Organization Theory

    Open Access•Gerald F Davis, Doug Mcadam et al.•Social Movements and Organization…•2005

  • Ready-to-Wear Development? Foreign Investment, Technology Transfer, and Learning by Watching in the Apparel Trade

    Andrew Schrank•Social Forces•2004

  • “Get up, Stand up”

    Verta Taylor, Nella Van Dyke•Blackwell Companion to Social…•2007

  • Contention and Corporate Social Responsibility

    Open Access•Sarah Anne Soule•Contention and Corporate Social…•2009

  • Market Movements

    Open Access•Dara O’rourke, Dara O'Rourke•Journal of Industrial Ecology•2005

  • The governance of global value chains

    Gary Gereffi, John D Humphrey et al.•Review of International Political…•2005

  • From Varieties of Capitalism to Varieties of Activism

    J Bair, Florence Palpacuer•Social Problems•2012

  • Fighting “Frankenfoods”

    Rachel Schurman•Social Problems•2004

  • Us is spelled U.S.’

    Timothy J Minchin•Labor History•2012

  • Culture and Movements

    Open Access•Francesca Polletta•The Annals of the American…•2008

  • To Act or Not to Act

    Rachel A Wright, Hilary Boudet et al.•American Journal of Sociology•2012

  • The Economics of Movement Success

    Joseph E Luders, Joseph Luders•American Journal of Sociology•2006

  • How Movements Win

    Holly J Mccammon, Karen E Campbell et al.•American Sociological Review•2001

  • Confessional Protest

    Open Access•Michael P Young, Michael Young•American Sociological Review•2002

  • A Strategic Approach to Collective Action

    James M Jasper, James Jasper•Mobilization An International…•2004

  • Mass Media and Instituional Change

    Deana A Rohlinger, Deana Rohlinger et al.•Mobilization An International…•2013

  • Global anti-corporate struggle

    Open Access•N Crossley•British Journal of Sociology•2002

  • Social Movements, Risk Perceptions, and Economic Outcomes

    Open Access•Ion Bogdan Vasi, B G King•American Sociological Review•2012

  • Globalization and Commitment in Corporate Social Responsibility

    Open Access•Alwyn Lim, Kiyoteru Tsutsui•American Sociological Review•2012

  • The Organizational and Social Foundations of Worker Resistance

    Open Access•J Roscigno, Vincent J Roscigno et al.•American Sociological Review•2004

  • Movements and Memory

    Open Access•E A Armstrong, Suzanna M Crage•American Sociological Review•2006

  • How Environmentalists "Greened" Trade Policy

    Open Access•Rhonda Evans, Tamara Kay•American Sociological Review•2008

  • Border Crossing

    Open Access•H Rao, Philippe Monin et al.•American Sociological Review•2005

  • Bringing the Polluters Back In

    Open Access•Don Grant, Mary Nell Trautner et al.•American Sociological Review•2010

  • Disease Politics and Medical Research Funding

    Open Access•Rachel Kahn Best•American Sociological Review•2012

  • Time to scale up cooperation? Trade unions, NGOs, and the international anti-sweatshop movement

    Tim Connor•Development in Practice•2004

  • Virtue out of Necessity? Compliance, Commitment, and the Improvement of Labor Conditions in Global Supply Chains

    Open Access•Richard Locke, Richard M Locke et al.•Latin American Politics and Society•2009

  • Global Governance and Labor Rights

    Open Access•César Rodríguez-Garavito, César A Rodríguez-Garavito•Latin American Politics and Society•2005

  • Framing Processes and Social Movements

    Robert D Benford, David A Snow•Annual Review of Sociology•2000

  • The Disadvantage of A Good Reputation

    Open Access•Joel Best, Kathleen S Lowney•Sociological Quarterly•2009

  • Culture, Power, and Institutions

    Open Access•E A Armstrong, Morris Bernstein•Sociological Theory•2008

  • Targeting Capital

    Rachel Schurman, William Munro•American Journal of Sociology•2009

  • Confronting the State, the Corporation, and the Academy

    Edward T Walker, Andrew W Martins et al.•American Journal of Sociology•2008

  • Institutional Emergence in an Era of Globalization

    T Bartley•American Journal of Sociology•2007

  • Rankings and Reactivity

    Wendy Nelson Espeland, Michael Sauder•American Journal of Sociology•2007

  • An Institutional Approach to Donor Control

    Emily Barman•American Journal of Sociology•2007

  • Caveat Emptor

    H Rao•American Journal of Sociology•1998

  • The Categorical Imperative

    Ezra W Zuckerman•American Journal of Sociology•1999

Unique citing works100
Citations per year9,09
Citation span2015 - 2026 (12)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 100

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae