Informal repression, zero-sum politics and late third wave transitions
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 5117572 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Linda Kirschke (Princeton University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2000 |
| Volume | 38 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 383-405 |
| Publication date | 2000-09-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | The Journal of Modern African Studies (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-278X • E-ISSN: 1469-7777 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1017/s0022278x00003396 |
| OpenAlex | W2109640569 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 28 |
| References cited | 18 |
Transitions to multiparty politics occurred throughout Sub-Saharan Africa with remarkable speed in the early 1990s, linking the region to the broader 'third wave of democratisation' which, from 1974, progressively marked many areas of southern Europe, Latin America and post-communist Europe. Unlike most earlier cases of political reform, however, the changes in Sub-Saharan Africa demonstrated a strong external orientation. A unique combination of donor pressure, internal opposition and 'snowballing' led regimes to rapidly introduce multiparty politics regardless of whether ruling elites in fact supported democratisation. The particular constraints surrounding these transitions place much of Sub-Saharan Africa at high risk of civil violence. Drawing on the cases of Cameroon, Rwanda and Kenya, this article argues that, during transitional periods, the greater the conflict between ruling elites and opposition forces, and the greater the pressure which regimes face to proceed with reform, the greater the likelihood that states will sponsor 'informal repression', covert violations by third parties, to regain political control
Communism · Contentious politics · Covert · Democracy · Democratization · Development economics · Economics · Latin Americans · Opposition (politics) · Political economy · Political repression · Political science · Politics · Social movement · Sociology · Third wave · Global Peace and Security Dynamics · Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics · Law · Political Conflict and Governance
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| Unique citing works | 28 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,27 |
| Citation span | 2004 - 2025 (22) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 23 |