Typicality in categorization, recognition and identification
Evidence from face recognition
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 5269072 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Tim Valentine (0000-0001-6049-6229), André Ferrara |
| Year | 1991 |
| Volume | 82 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 87-102 |
| Publication date | 1991-02-01 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | British Journal of Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0007-1269 • E-ISSN: 2044-8295 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1991.tb02384.x |
| OpenAlex | W2153448851 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 4 |
The proponents of exemplar models of categorization and memory have claimed that recognition judgements are based on familiarity computed by summing the similarity between a probe and all exemplars in memory. A probe which is highly similar to many previously seen exemplars should be recognized more accurately or faster than a more dissimilar probe. The 'summed-similarity rule' has been supported in a number of experiments on recognition of relatively unfamiliar and artificial stimuli. However, evidence from face recognition clearly contradicts the rule. Distinctive or unusual faces are recognized more accurately than typical faces. It is proposed that this contradiction can be resolved if tasks using photographs of faces as stimuli which have been termed 'recognition' tasks are interpreted as 'identification' tasks. However, if this interpretation is made, an exemplar model is not the only class of models which can account for the effects of distinctiveness in face 'classification' and 'identification' tasks. Three simulations are reported which show that parallel distributed processing models can also account for the data from face-processing tasks. Two simulations are based on a single-layer auto-associative network. The final simulation is based on a multi-layer network using backward error propagation
Artificial neural network · Associative property · Categorization · Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Connectionism · Face (sociological concept) · Face perception · Facial recognition system · Identification (biology) · Optimal distinctiveness theory · Pattern recognition (psychology) · Perception · Recognition memory · Similarity (geometry) · Speech recognition · Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science · Face and Expression Recognition · Face recognition and analysis · Face Recognition and Perception · Psychology · Social Psychology
Testing formal cognitive models of classification and old-new recognition in a real-world high-dimensional category domain
Assessing the speed and ease of extracting group and person information from faces
Emotional state and the detection of change in facial expression of emotion
Recognizing faces of other ethnic groups
| Citations per year | 0.15 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2000 - 2023 (24) |
| Highly cited | No |