Artificial Intelligence and the Modern Productivity Paradox

A Clash of Expectations and Statistics

Bibliographic Data

ID5777912
AuthorsErik Brynjolfsson (0000-0002-8031-6990, National Bureau of Economic Research), Daniel Rock (0000-0001-8758-7905, National Bureau of Economic Research), Chad Syverson (0009-0007-7504-7283, National Bureau of Economic Research)
Year2017
Publication date2017-11-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeREPORT
VenueNational Bureau of Economic Research (REPOSITORY)
PublisherNational Bureau of Economic Research (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.3386/w24001
OpenAlexW2767568774
LanguageEN
Citations received64
References cited16

We live in an age of paradox.Systems using artificial intelligence match or surpass human level performance in more and more domains, leveraging rapid advances in other technologies and driving soaring stock prices.Yet measured productivity growth has declined by half over the past decade, and real income has stagnated since the late 1990s for a majority of Americans.We describe four potential explanations for this clash of expectations and statistics: false hopes, mismeasurement, redistribution, and implementation lags.While a case can be made for each, we argue that lags have likely been the biggest contributor to the paradox.The most impressive capabilities of AI, particularly those based on machine learning, have not yet diffused widely.More importantly, like other general purpose technologies, their full effects won't be realized until waves of complementary innovations are developed and implemented.The required adjustment costs, organizational changes, and new skills can be modeled as a kind of intangible capital.A portion of the value of this intangible capital is already reflected in the market value of firms.However, going forward, national statistics could fail to measure the full benefits of the new technologies and some may even have the wrong sign

Data science · Econometrics · Economics · Macroeconomics · Productivity · Statistics · Computer Science · Economic and Technological Innovation · Economic Growth and Productivity · Mathematics · Artificial Intelligence

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