The UN Decade of Nutrition, the Nova food classification and the trouble with ultra-processing

Bibliographic Data

ID5805886
AuthorsCarlos Augusto Monteiro (0000-0002-3777-1533, Universidade de São Paulo, corresponding author), Geoffrey Cannon (Universidade de São Paulo), Jean-Claude Moubarac (0000-0001-8409-7855, Universidade de São Paulo), Renata Bertazzi Levy (0000-0002-1796-0548), Maria Laura Da Costa Louzada (0000-0002-3756-2301, Universidade de São Paulo), Patrícia Constante Jaime (0000-0003-2291-8536, Universidade de São Paulo)
Year2017
Volume21
Issue1
Pages5-17
Publication date2017-03-21
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenuePublic Health Nutrition (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1368-9800 • E-ISSN: 1475-2727
PublisherCambridge University Press (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1017/s1368980017000234
PMID28322183
OpenAlexW2603592506
LanguageEN
Citations received329
References cited66

Given evident multiple threats to food systems and supplies, food security, human health and welfare, the living and physical world and the biosphere, the years 2016-2025 are now designated by the UN as the Decade of Nutrition, in support of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. For these initiatives to succeed, it is necessary to know which foods contribute to health and well-being, and which are unhealthy. The present commentary outlines the NOVA system of food classification based on the nature, extent and purpose of food processing. Evidence that NOVA effectively addresses the quality of diets and their impact on all forms of malnutrition, and also the sustainability of food systems, has now accumulated in a number of countries, as shown here. A singular feature of NOVA is its identification of ultra-processed food and drink products. These are not modified foods, but formulations mostly of cheap industrial sources of dietary energy and nutrients plus additives, using a series of processes (hence 'ultra-processed'). All together, they are energy-dense, high in unhealthy types of fat, refined starches, free sugars and salt, and poor sources of protein, dietary fibre and micronutrients. Ultra-processed products are made to be hyper-palatable and attractive, with long shelf-life, and able to be consumed anywhere, any time. Their formulation, presentation and marketing often promote overconsumption. Studies based on NOVA show that ultra-processed products now dominate the food supplies of various high-income countries and are increasingly pervasive in lower-middle- and upper-middle-income countries. The evidence so far shows that displacement of minimally processed foods and freshly prepared dishes and meals by ultra-processed products is associated with unhealthy dietary nutrient profiles and several diet-related non-communicable diseases. Ultra-processed products are also troublesome from social, cultural, economic, political and environmental points of view. We conclude that the ever-increasing production and consumption of these products is a world crisis, to be confronted, checked and reversed as part of the work of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and its Decade of Nutrition

Overconsumption · Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet

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