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Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation

Bibliographic Data

ID5810568
AuthorsGuido W Imbens (0000-0002-4846-7326, Harvard University and NBER.), Jeffrey M Wooldridge (0000-0002-1579-6406, Michigan State University)
Year2009
Volume47
Issue1
Pages5-86
Publication date2009-03-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Economic Literature (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-0515 • E-ISSN: 1547-1101
PublisherAmerican Economic Association (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1257/jel.47.1.5
OpenAlexW3121385028
LanguageEN
Citations received899
References cited225

Many empirical questions in economics and other social sciences depend on causal effects of programs or policies. In the last two decades, much research has been done on the econometric and statistical analysis of such causal effects. This recent theoretical literature has built on, and combined features of, earlier work in both the statistics and econometrics literatures. It has by now reached a level of maturity that makes it an important tool in many areas of empirical research in economics, including labor economics, public finance, development economics, industrial organization, and other areas of empirical microeconomics. In this review, we discuss some of the recent developments. We focus primarily on practical issues for empirical researchers, as well as provide a historical overview of the area and give references to more technical research

Empirical research · Advanced Causal Inference Techniques · Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth · School Choice and Performance

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  • Additionality and reverse crowding out for pollution offsets in water quality trading

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  • The Affordable Care Act’s Dependent Care Coverage and Mortality

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  • The Effect of Firms' Phased Retirement Policies on the Labor Market Outcomes of Their Employees

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  • Expected Foreign Military Intervention and Demand for State-Building

    Open Access•Alessandro Belmonte, Désirée Teobaldelli et al.•Journal of Development Economics•2025

  • Spring Cleaning

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  • Information Technology and Economic Change

    Jeremiah E Dittmar, Jeremiah Dittmar•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2011

  • Causality in Policy Studies

    Open Access•Alessia Damonte, Fedra Negri•Causality in Policy Studies•2023

  • Selection Bias, Statistics of

    Open Access•R Breen•International Encyclopedia of the…•2015

  • Social transfers and growth

    Juan M Villa•Social transfers and growth•2014

  • Do Payments for Environmental Services Affect Forest Cover? A Farm-Level Evaluation from Costa Rica

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  • Rdrobust

    Open Access•Sebastian Calonico, D Cattaneo Matias et al.•The R Journal•2015

  • Control Function Methods in Applied Econometrics

    Jeffrey M Wooldridge•The Journal of Human Resources•2015

  • Energy Conservation “Nudges” and Environmentalist Ideology: Evidence From a Randomized Residential Electricity Field Experiment

    Open Access•Dora L Costa, Matthew E Kahn•Journal of the European Economic…•2013

  • Modeling college major choices using elicited measures of expectations and counterfactuals

    Open Access•Peter Arcidiacono, Joseph Hotz et al.•Journal of Econometrics•2012

  • Econometric Methods for Program Evaluation

    Alberto Abadie, Matias D Cattaneo•Annual Review of Economics•2018

  • Doubly robust difference-in-differences estimators

    Open Access•Pedro H C Sant’Anna, Jun Zhao et al.•Journal of Econometrics•2020

  • Efficient semiparametric estimation of multi-valued treatment effects under ignorability

    Open Access•Matias D Cattaneo•Journal of Econometrics•2010

  • Information from Markets Near and Far

    Jenny C Aker•American Economic Journal Applied…•2010

  • Better Late Than Nothing

    Guido W Imbens•Journal of Economic Literature•2010

  • Implicit Stereotypes

    Open Access•Michela Carlana•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2019

  • Using propensity scores in difference-in-differences models to estimate the effects of a policy change

    Open Access•Elizabeth A Stuart, Haiden A Huskamp et al.•Health Services and Outcomes…•2014

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    Open Access•Paul J Ferraro, Merlin M Hanauer et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2011

  • Internet use and depression among older adults

    Open Access•Shelia R Cotten, George S Ford et al.•Computers in Human Behavior•2012

  • Optimal Data-Driven Regression Discontinuity Plots

    Sebastian Calonico, Matias D Cattaneo et al.•Journal of the American…•2015

  • Impacts of a Prekindergarten Program on Children's Mathematics, Language, Literacy, Executive Function, and Emotional Skills

    Open Access•Christina Weiland, Hirokazu Yoshikawa•Child Development•2013

  • No Child Left Behind

    Tarjei Havnes, Magne Mogstad•American Economic Journal…•2011

  • Cannabis use, attitudes, and legal status in the U.S.

    Open Access•Hannah Carliner, Qiana L Brown et al.•Preventive Medicine•2017

  • Effect of oil palm sustainability certification on deforestation and fire in Indonesia

    Open Access•K M Carlson, Robert Heilmayr et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2018

  • The Adoption of Genetically Modified Cotton and Poverty Reduction in Pakistan

    Open Access•Akhter Ali, Awudu Abdulai•Journal of Agricultural Economics•2010

  • Approaches and terminology for causal analysis in land systems science

    Open Access•Patrick Meyfroidt•Journal of Land Use Science•2016

  • Does Financial Education Impact Financial Literacy and Financial Behavior, and If So, When?

    Tim Kaiser, Lukas Menkhoff•The World Bank Economic Review•2017

  • Advances in Measuring the Environmental and Social Impacts of Environmental Programs

    Open Access•Paul J Ferraro, Merlin M Hanauer•Annual Review of Environment and…•2014

  • Interpretation and identification of within-unit and cross-sectional variation in panel data models

    Open Access•Jonathan Kropko, Robert Kubinec et al.•PLoS ONE•2020

  • Estimating causal effects

    Open Access•Stephen O’neill, Noemi Kreif et al.•Health Services and Outcomes…•2016

  • Using the Propensity Score Method to Estimate Causal Effects

    Open Access•Mingxiang Li•Organizational Research Methods•2013

  • Evaluation of biodiversity policy instruments

    Daniela A Miteva, Subhrendu K Pattanayak et al.•Oxford Review of Economic Policy•2012

  • Machine Learning Methods That Economists Should Know About

    Susan Athey, Guido W Imbens•Annual Review of Economics•2019

  • The Estimation of Causal Effects by Difference-in-Difference Methods

    Michael Lechner•Foundations and Trends® in…•2011

  • Robust Data-Driven Inference in the Regression-Discontinuity Design

    Open Access•Sebastian Calonico, Matias D Cattaneo et al.•The Stata Journal: Promoting…•2014

  • Unemployment and social exclusion

    Open Access•Laura Pohlan•Journal of Economic Behavior &…•2019

  • Agnostic notes on regression adjustments to experimental data

    Winston Lin, Winston T Lin•The Annals of Applied Statistics•2013

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    Open Access•Hunt Allcott•Journal of Public Economics•2011

  • The Power and Pitfalls of Experiments in Development Economics

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  • School-Based Early Childhood Education and Age-28 Well-Being

    Open Access•Arthur J Reynolds, Judy A Temple et al.•Science•2011

  • Learning loss due to school closures during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Per Engzell, A Frey et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2021

  • Labor Markets and Poverty in Village Economies

    Oriana Bandiera, Robin Burgess et al.•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2017

  • Financial Incentives and Student Achievement

    Roland G Fryer•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2011

  • Financial incentives in health

    Open Access•Kay Dickinson, Timothy Powell-Jackson et al.•Journal of Health Economics•2015

  • Channeling Fisher

    Open Access•Alwyn Young•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2019

  • Causal inference in statistics

    Open Access•Judea Pearl•Statistics Surveys•2009

  • The dual role of crop-livestock diversification in household nutrition security

    Open Access•Taye Melese Mekie, Luchen Huang et al.•Food Policy•2026

  • Were the H artz Reforms Responsible for the Improved Performance of the G erman Labour Market?

    Open Access•Metin Akyol, Michael Neugart et al.•Economic Affairs•2013

  • Evidenzbasierte Wirtschaftspolitik in Deutschland

    Bernhard Boockmann, Claudia M Buch et al.•Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik•2014

  • A decade of labour market reforms in the EU

    Open Access•Alessandro Turrini, Gábor Koltay et al.•IZA Journal of Labor Policy•2015

  • Méthodes économétriques pour l’évaluation de politiques publiques

    Pauline Givord•Économie & prévision•2015

  • Did contracting effect the use of primary health care units in Pakistan

    Open Access•Muhammad Ashar Malik, Ellen Van De Poel et al.•Health Policy and Planning•2017

  • Assessing the role of climate change courses in promoting climate change awareness among university students in Bangladesh

    Open Access•Md Shamsuddin Sarker, Kazi Tanvir Mahmud•Discover Education•2026

  • The influence of passenger rail interventions in London on relative deprivation in affected station catchment areas

    Open Access•Matthew Whearty, Roberto Murcio et al.•Urban, Planning and Transport…•2026

  • Enhancing Rural Children’s Cognitive Abilities Through Teacher Support

    Open Access•Xinxin Hao, Jingxuan Lou et al.•Journal of Intelligence•2026

  • Consequences of increased farm resilience on food security in Tajikistan

    Open Access•Bekhzod Egamberdiev, Ihtiyor Bobojonov et al.•Food Security•2026

  • Are women who marry eldest sons happier? Evidence from Japan

    Open Access•Kazuma Sato•Review of Economics of the…•2026

  • Effectiveness of Agricultural extension workers (AEWs) in technology adoption

    Open Access•Carolyn D Jimenez, T Sakurai•The Journal of Agricultural…•2026

  • Impact of an educational robot-based intervention on second-graders computational thinking skills

    Open Access•Emma Näslund-Hadley, Juan Hernández-Agramonte et al.•Educational Technology Research…•2026

  • Shadow Economies and Sustainable Development in Africa

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  • Regulations, Openness, and Competition

    Open Access•Ayesha Khurshid, Adnan Khurshid et al.•Business Strategy and the…•2026

  • Covid-19

    Open Access•Giang Pham, Franziska Maria Locher et al.•Learning and Instruction•2026

  • ‘Upgrading the farm’

    Open Access•Alec Zuo, Sarah Ann Wheeler et al.•International Journal of Water…•2026

  • Improving Parenting Practices for Child Development

    Open Access•Anjali Chandra, Subha Mani et al.•Oxford Bulletin of Economics and…•2026

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    Open Access•Marina Tkalec•European Journal of Tourism…•2024

  • The rewards of municipal broadband

    Open Access•George S Ford, Alan Seals et al.•Telecommunications Policy•2021

  • The impact of public banks on municipalities

    Open Access•Camila De Moura Vogt, Douglas Alcântara Alencar et al.•Problemas del Desarrollo Revista…•2023

  • Do municipal unions improve cost efficiency for the social function? A quasi‐experimental endogenous stochastic frontier approach

    Open Access•Francesco Vidoli, Fabio Quintiliani et al.•Journal of Regional Science•2024

  • The effect of sport in online dating

    Open Access•Daniel Boller, Michael Lechner et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2025

  • The long-term impact of adolescent migration on the employment quality of Chinese rural migrant workers

    Open Access•Mi Zhou, Lingsi Li et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2025

  • Unpacking the multidimensional impact of international remittances on women’s empowerment in Africa

    Open Access•Kingsford Onyina, Ruby Amanda Oboro-Offerie et al.•SN Social Sciences•2025

  • Determinants of organic fertilizer adoption and its implications for poverty reduction among farming households in Nigeria

    Open Access•Adeolu Ayanwale, Adeolu B Ayanwale et al.•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2025

  • Exploring agriculture-tourism Nexus

    Open Access•Yves Christian Turizihiwe, Hubert Hirwa et al.•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2025

  • Crossbred poultry adoption and impact

    Open Access•Orkhan Sariyev, Manfred Zeller•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2023

  • Impact of certification on market performance of cocoa industry in Osun State, Nigeria

    Open Access•Taiwo Fausiyat Adesiyan, Olufemi Adedotun Yesufu et al.•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2023

  • From pixels to policy

    Open Access•Rasaq Raimi, Andrew Phiri•Cogent Social Sciences•2025

  • Health benefits versus economic costs

    Open Access•Hongkun Zhao, Zhuo Chen et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2025

  • Long-term care insurance and multidimensional poverty of middle-aged and elderly

    Open Access•Wenxiu Li, Jin Ke et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  • Study Designs to Assess Real-World Interventions to Prevent Covid-19

    Open Access•Jean Digitale, Jean C Digitale et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2021

  • Understanding Spatiotemporal Variations of Ridership by Multiple Taxi Services

    Open Access•Wenbo Zhang, Yinfei Xi et al.•ISPRS International Journal of…•2020

  • (Im)balance in household balance sheet in the aftermath of a natural disaster

    Open Access•Shompa Lahiri, Shreya Biswas•International Journal of Disaster…•2024

  • Diagnostic framework for causal inference in seasonal urban flooding

    Open Access•Lele Zhang, Xin Wu et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2026

  • Assessing the impact of governance policies on landslide risk in Brazilian municipalities

    Open Access•Vilane Gonçalves Sales•International Journal of Disaster…•2023

  • Impact of future tsunamis from the Java trench on household welfare

    Open Access•Dimitra Salmanidou, Dimitra M Salmanidou et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2021

  • Effect of forest fires on housing prices

    Open Access•Haeryung Kim, Heeyeun Yoon•International Journal of Disaster…•2025

  • The Impact of a Homegrown School-Feeding Intervention on Children’s Educational Outcomes in Low-Income Countries

    Open Access•Gedefaw Abebe Abiye, Serge Svizzero et al.•SAGE Open•2026

  • Spend it, save it, or transfer it

    Open Access•Yanan Zhang, Alessandra Guariglia•Journal of Demographic Economics•2026

  • Segregation, fertility, and son preference

    Open Access•Marianna Battaglia, Bastien Chabé-Ferret et al.•Journal of Demographic Economics•2021

  • Overeducation wage penalty for university graduates

    Obbey Elamin•Middle East Development Journal•2023

  • The impact of near-real-time deforestation alerts across the tropics

    Open Access•Fanny Moffette, Jennifer Alix-Garcia et al.•Nature Climate Change•2021

  • Early signs that the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism is reshaping EU–India steel trade

    Open Access•Gian Luca Vriz, Theodor Cojoianu et al.•Nature Climate Change•2026

  • The effect of carbon farming training on food security and development resilience in Northern Ghana

    Charles Yaw Okyere, Richmond Atta-Ankomah et al.•Climate and Development•2025

  • Statistical analysis with missing data

    Roderick J A Little•Statistical analysis with missing…•2002

  • Regression Discontinuity Design

    Open Access•Joseph C Cappelleri, William M K Trochim et al.•International Encyclopedia of the…•2015

  • An Introduction to the Bootstrap

    Bradley Efron, Robert Tibshirani et al.•Introduction to the Bootstrap•1994

  • Matched Sampling for Causal Effects

    Open Access•Donald B Rubin•Matched Sampling for Causal Effects•2006

  • Causality

    Open Access•Judea Pearl•Causality•2009

  • Schooling and Labor Market Consequences of School Construction in Indonesia

    Esther Duflo•American Economic Review•2001

  • Assignment to Treatment Group on the Basis of a Covariate

    Open Access•Donald B Rubin•Journal of Educational Statistics•1977

  • Some Practical Issues in the Evaluation of Heterogeneous Labour Market Programmes by Matching Methods

    Open Access•Michael Lechner•Journal of the Royal Statistical…•2002

  • Implementing Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects in Stata

    Open Access•Alberto Abadie, David Drukker et al.•The Stata Journal: Promoting…•2004

  • Estimating the Labor Market Impact of Voluntary Military Service Using Social Security Data on Military Applicants

    Joshua D Angrist•Econometrica•1998

  • Sensitivity to Exogeneity Assumptions in Program Evaluation

    Guido W Imbens•American Economic Review•2003

  • Peer Effects with Random Assignment

    Bruce Sacerdote•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2001

  • Invited Commentary

    M M Joffe, P R Rosenbaum•American Journal of Epidemiology•1999

  • Estimating the Effect of Financial Aid Offers on College Enrollment

    Open Access•Wilbert Van Der Klaauw•International Economic Review•2002

  • Multivariate and Propensity Score Matching Software with Automated Balance Optimization

    Open Access•Jasjeet S Sekhon•Journal of Statistical Software•2011

  • Characterizing Selection Bias Using Experimental Data

    James Heckman, Hidehiko Ichimura et al.•Econometrica•1998

  • Bootstrap Tests for Distributional Treatment Effects in Instrumental Variable Models

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  • Assessing Sensitivity to an Unobserved Binary Covariate in an Observational Study with Binary Outcome

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  • Estimating the Effect of Unearned Income on Labor Earnings, Savings, and Consumption

    Guido W Imbens, Donald B Rubin et al.•American Economic Review•2001

  • Dealing with limited overlap in estimation of average treatment effects

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  • Monotone Instrumental Variables

    Charles F Manski, John V Pepper•Econometrica•2000

  • Structural Equations, Treatment Effects, and Econometric Policy Evaluation1

    Open Access•James J Heckman, Edward Vytlacil•Econometrica•2005

  • Analysis of Semiparametric Regression Models for Repeated Outcomes in the Presence of Missing Data

    James M Robins, Andrea Rotnitzky et al.•Journal of the American…•1995

  • Semiparametric instrumental variable estimation of treatment response models

    Open Access•Alberto Abadie•Journal of Econometrics•2003

  • The Impact of Nearly Universal Insurance Coverage on Health Care Utilization

    David Card, Carlos Dobkin et al.•American Economic Review•2008

  • Matching to Remove Bias in Observational Studies

    Donald B Rubin•Biometrics•1973

  • Compulsory Licensing

    Petra Moser, Alessandra Voena•American Economic Review•2012

  • Estimating the Return to Schooling

    Open Access•David Card•Econometrica•2001

  • The role of the propensity score in estimating dose-response functions

    Guido W Imbens, G Imbens•Biometrika•2000

  • Estimation of Causal Effects using Propensity Score Weighting

    Open Access•Keisuke Hirano, Guido W Imbens•Health Services and Outcomes…•2001

  • Combining Propensity Score Matching with Additional Adjustments for Prognostic Covariates

    Donald B Rubin, Neal Thomas•Journal of the American…•2000

  • The Adoption of Genetically Modified Cotton and Poverty Reduction in Pakistan

    Open Access•Akhter Ali, Awudu Abdulai•Journal of Agricultural Economics•2010

  • Does School Integration Generate Peer Effects? Evidence from Boston's Metco Program

    Joshua D Angrist, Kevin Lang•American Economic Review•2004

  • The Nonparametric Identification of Treatment Effects in Duration Models

    Open Access•Jaap H Abbring, Gerard J Van Den Berg•Econometrica•2003

  • Do Better Schools Matter? Parental Valuation of Elementary Education

    Sandra E Black•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•1999

  • Do Voters Affect or Elect Policies? Evidence from the U. S. House

    D S Lee, David Lee et al.•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2004

  • In Pursuit of Balance

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  • The Effect of Information on Product Quality

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  • Efficient Semiparametric Estimation of Quantile Treatment Effects

    Open Access•Sergio Firpo•Econometrica•2007

  • Two-Stage Least Squares Estimation of Average Causal Effects in Models with Variable Treatment Intensity

    Joshua D Angrist, Guido W Imbens•Journal of the American…•1995

  • Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Methods

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  • Does matching overcome LaLonde's critique of nonexperimental estimators?

    Open Access•Jeffrey A Smith, Petra E Todd et al.•Journal of Econometrics•2005

  • Minimum Wages and Employment

    David Card, Alan B Krueger•American Economic Review•2000

  • Large Sample Properties of Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects

    Open Access•Alberto Abadie, Guido W Imbens•Econometrica•2006

  • Identification and Inference in Nonlinear Difference-in-Differences Models

    Open Access•Susan Athey, Guido W Imbens•Econometrica•2006

  • An IV Model of Quantile Treatment Effects

    Open Access•Victor Chernozhukov, Christian Hansen•Econometrica•2005

  • The Role of Information and Social Interactions in Retirement Plan Decisions

    Esther Duflo, Emmanuel Saez•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2003

  • The Consquences of Adjustment for a Concomitant Variable That Has Been Affected by the Treatment

    Paul R Rosenbaum•Journal of the Royal Statistical…•1984

  • Inverse probability weighted M-estimators for sample selection, attrition, and stratification

    Open Access•Jeffrey M Wooldridge•Portuguese Economic Journal•2002

  • Crime and Social Interactions

    Edward Glaeser, E L Glaeser et al.•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•1996

  • The Propensity Score with Continuous Treatments

    Open Access•Keisuke Hirano, Guido W Imbens•Wiley Series in Probability and…•2004

  • Semiparametric Efficiency in Multivariate Regression Models with Missing Data

    James M Robins, Andrea Rotnitzky•Journal of the American…•1995

  • Regression-discontinuity analysis

    Donald L Thistlethwaite, Donald T Campbell•Journal of Educational Psychology•1960

  • Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Based on Propensity Scores

    Open Access•Sascha O Becker, Andrea Ichino•The Stata Journal: Promoting…•2002

  • The Effectiveness of Adjustment by Subclassification in Removing Bias in Observational Studies

    W G Cochran•Biometrics•1968

  • Empirical Strategies in Labor Economics

    Open Access•Joshua D Angrist, Alan B Krueger•Handbook of labor economics•1999

  • Randomized experiments from non-random selection in U.S. House elections

    Open Access•David S Lee•Journal of Econometrics•2008

  • Inverse probability weighted estimation for general missing data problems

    Open Access•Jeffrey M Wooldridge•Journal of Econometrics•2007

  • Formal mode of statistical inference for causal effects

    Open Access•Donald B Rubin•Journal of Statistical Planning…•1990

  • Social norms and energy conservation

    Open Access•Hunt Allcott•Journal of Public Economics•2011

  • The Statistical Implications of a System of Simultaneous Equations

    Trygve Haavelmo•Econometrica•1943

  • Exogeneity

    Robert F Engle, David F Hendry et al.•Econometrica•1983

  • On the Role of the Propensity Score in Efficient Semiparametric Estimation of Average Treatment Effects

    Jinyong Hahn•Econometrica•1998

  • Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Methods

    Christian Gouriéroux, Alain Monfort et al.•Econometrica•1984

  • A critical appraisal of propensity‐score matching in the medical literature between 1996 and 2003

    Open Access•Peter C Austin•Statistics in Medicine•2008

  • Some Thoughts on the Distribution of Earnings 1

    A D Roy•Oxford Economic Papers•1951

  • Root-N-Consistent Semiparametric Regression

    Peter M Robinson•Econometrica•1988

  • Matching As An Econometric Evaluation Estimator

    James J Heckman, Hidehiko Ichimura et al.•The Review of Economic Studies•1998

  • Identification and Estimation of Treatment Effects with a Regression-Discontinuity Design

    Open Access•Jinyong Hahn, Petra Todd et al.•Econometrica•2001

  • Estimating Causal Effects from Large Data Sets Using Propensity Scores

    Open Access•Donald B Rubin•Annals of Internal Medicine•1997

  • The Economics and Econometrics of Active Labor Market Programs

    Open Access•James J Heckman, Robert J Lalonde et al.•Handbook of labor economics•1999

  • Matching Using Estimated Propensity Scores

    Donald B Rubin, Neal Thomas•Biometrics•1996

  • Accounting for No-Shows in Experimental Evaluation Designs

    Open Access•Howard S Bloom•Evaluation Review•1984

  • Practical propensity score matching

    Open Access•Rajeev Dehejia•Journal of Econometrics•2005

  • Using Maimonides' Rule to Estimate the Effect of Class Size on Scholastic Achievement

    Joshua D Angrist, Victor Lavy•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•1999

  • Alternative methods for evaluating the impact of interventions

    Open Access•James J Heckman, Richard Robb et al.•Longitudinal analysis of labor…•1985

  • Remedying Education

    Abhijit Banerjee, A V Banerjee et al.•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2007

  • Worms

    Open Access•Edward Miguel, Michael Kremer•Econometrica•2004

  • Economic Impacts of New Unionization on Private Sector Employers

    John Dinardo, D S Lee et al.•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2004

  • On the Application of Probability Theory to Agricultural Experiments. Essay on Principles. Section 9

    Jerzy Splawa-Neyman, D M Dabrowska et al.•Statistical Science•1990

  • Do Parties Matter for Economic Outcomes? A Regression-Discontinuity Approach

    Open Access•Per Pettersson‐Lidbom, Per Pettersson-Lidbom•Journal of the European Economic…•2008

  • Efficient Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Using the Estimated Propensity Score

    Open Access•Keisuke Hirano, Guido W Imbens et al.•Econometrica•2003

  • Reducing Bias in Observational Studies Using Subclassification on the Propensity Score

    Paul R Rosenbaum, Donald B Rubin•Journal of the American…•1984

  • Causal Effects in Nonexperimental Studies

    Rajeev Dehejia, Rajeev H Dehejia et al.•Journal of the American…•1999

  • Long-Term Educational Consequences of Secondary School Vouchers

    Joshua D Angrist, Joshua Angrist et al.•American Economic Review•2006

  • Regression discontinuity inference with specification error

    Open Access•David S Lee, David Card•Journal of Econometrics•2008

  • Making The Most Out Of Programme Evaluations and Social Experiments

    James J Heckman, J Smith et al.•The Review of Economic Studies•1997

  • Semiparametric Difference-in-Differences Estimators

    Alberto Abadie•The Review of Economic Studies•2005

  • Confidence Intervals for Partially Identified Parameters

    Open Access•Guido W Imbens, Charles F Manski•Econometrica•2004

  • Does Head Start Improve Children's Life Chances? Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design

    Jens Ludwig, Douglas L Miller•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2007

  • Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Effect of Subsidized Training on the Quantiles of Trainee Earnings

    Open Access•Alberto Abadie, Joshua D Angrist et al.•Econometrica•2002

  • Bayesian Inference for Causal Effects

    Donald B Rubin•The Annals of Statistics•1978

  • Inference and missing data

    Donald B Rubin•Biometrika•1976

  • The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects

    Paul R Rosenbaum, Donald B Rubin•Biometrika•1983

  • Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables

    Joshua D Angrist, Guido W Imbens et al.•Journal of the American…•1996

  • Manipulation of the running variable in the regression discontinuity design

    Open Access•Justin McCrary•Journal of Econometrics•2008

  • Matching As An Econometric Evaluation Estimator

    James J Heckman, Hidehiko Ichimura et al.•The Review of Economic Studies•1997

  • Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies.

    Donald B Rubin•Journal of Educational Psychology•1974

Unique citing works899
Citations per year49,94
Citation span2008 - 2026 (19)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 892

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Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae