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Toward A Client-Centered Benchmark for Self-Sufficiency

Evaluating the ‘Process’ of Becoming Job Ready

Bibliographic Data

ID6076830
AuthorsPhilip Young P Hong (0000-0003-3346-2917, Loyola University Chicago, corresponding author)
Year2013
Volume21
Issue4
Pages356-378
Publication date2013-10-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Community Practice (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1070-5422 • E-ISSN: 1543-3706
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/10705422.2013.852147
OpenAlexW2138085314
LanguageEN
Citations received23
References cited33

The purpose of this study is to evaluate how service providers, clients, and graduates of a job training program define the term self-sufficiency (SS). This community-engaged, mixed method study qualitatively analyzes focus group data from each group and quantitatively examines survey data obtained from participants of the program. Findings reveal that psychological transformation as a ‘process’ represents the emic definition of SS—psychological SS—but each dimension of the concept is reflected in varying degrees by group. Provider and participant views are vastly different from the outcome-driven policy and funder definitions. Implications for benchmarking psychological SS as an empowerment-based ‘process’ measure of job readiness in workforce development evaluation are discussed

Benchmarking · Business · Emic and etic · Empowerment · Focus group · Knowledge management · Political science · Process (computing · Process management · Public relations · Sociology · Workforce · Applied Psychology · Computer Science · Employment and Welfare Studies · Labor market dynamics and wage inequality · Psychology · Retirement, Disability, and Employment · Social Psychology · Marketing

  • Psychological Self-Sufficiency and Financial Literacy among Low-Income Participants

    Open Access•Philip Young P Hong, Maria V Wathen et al.•Journal of Family and Economic…•2022

  • Perceptions of social support usage among single men experiencing recurrent homelessness

    Natalie D Pope, Susan Buchino et al.•Journal of Social Distress and…•2025

  • Psychological Self-Sufficiency

    Philip Young P Hong, Sangmi Choi et al.•Social Work Research•2018

  • A Cross-National Validation of the Short Employment Hope Scale (EHS-14) in the United States and South Korea

    Philip Young P Hong, In Han Song et al.•Social Work Research•2016

  • Spirituality, Employment Hope, and Grit

    Open Access•David R Hodges, Philip Young P Hong et al.•Social Work Research•2019

  • Tanf leavers and economic self-sufficiency

    Fred Brooks, Sara E Mack et al.•Journal of Poverty•2018

  • The Self-Sufficiency Framework—Revised

    R Joseph•Journal of Poverty•2021

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    Andrea Hetling, Gretchen L Hoge et al.•Journal of Poverty•2015

  • Transforming Impossible into Possible (TIP) for Financial Capability

    Open Access•Philip Young P Hong, Alanna Shin et al.•Research on Social Work Practice•2023

  • Transforming Impossible into Possible (TIP) for Fatherhood

    Open Access•Philip Young P Hong, Dara Lewis et al.•Research on Social Work Practice•2021

  • A Randomized Controlled Trial Study of Transforming Impossible into Possible (TIP) Policy Experiment in South Korea

    Open Access•Philip Young P Hong, Sangmi Choi et al.•Research on Social Work Practice•2020

  • Advancing Social Intervention Research Through Program Theory Reconstruction

    Open Access•Tina M Olsson, Sabina Kapetanovic et al.•Research on Social Work Practice•2023

  • Steadfast benevolence

    Open Access•Bridget Colacchio Wesley, Julia Pryce et al.•Children and Youth Services Review•2020

  • Validation of the Employment Hope Scale (EHS) among summer youth employment program participants

    Open Access•Philip Young P Hong, Rana Hong et al.•Children and Youth Services Review•2020

  • Poverty Among Korean Immigrant Older Adults

    Yong Woo Lee, Yongwoo Lee et al.•Journal of Social Service Research•2014

  • A Multisample Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Short Employment Hope Scale (EHS-14)

    Philip Young P Hong, Sangmi Choi et al.•Journal of Social Service Research•2014

  • Development of the Perceived Employment Barrier Scale (Pebs)

    Open Access•Philip Young P Hong, Joshua R Polanin et al.•Journal of Community Psychology•2014

  • Spirituality, Hope, and Self-Sufficiency among Low-Income Job Seekers

    Philip Young P Hong, David R Hodges et al.•Social Work•2015

  • Facilitating Transformation in Workforce Training

    Rana Hong, Terry B Northcut et al.•Smith College Studies in Social…•2019

  • Comparison of perceived employment barriers among low-income jobseekers in the United States and South Korea

    Open Access•Philip Young P Hong, In Han Song et al.•International Social Work•2015

  • Factors Associated with Employment Hope among North Korean Defectors in South Korea

    Open Access•Yun Kyung Kim, Jin Yong Jun et al.•International Migration•2021

  • Examining Psychological Self-Sufficiency Among Low-Income Jobseekers with Mental Health Barriers

    Open Access•Philip Young P Hong, Rana Hong et al.•Community Mental Health Journal•2020

  • Psychological self-sufficiency (PSS) as an empowerment pathway among economically disadvantaged youth and young adults in South Korea

    Open Access•Sangmi Choi, Harold E Briggs et al.•Children and Youth Services Review•2025

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Unique citing works23
Citations per year1,92
Citation span2014 - 2025 (12)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 23

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