Matching with Multiple Controls to Estimate Treatment Effects in Observational Studies
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6169971 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Herbert L Smith (University of Pennsylvania, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1997 |
| Volume | 27 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 325-353 |
| Publication date | 1997-08-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Sociological Methodology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0081-1750 • E-ISSN: 1467-9531 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1111/1467-9531.271030 |
| OpenAlex | W2083077778 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 85 |
| References cited | 33 |
Matching to control for covariates in the estimation of treatment effects is not common in sociology, where multivariate data are most often analyzed using multiple regression and its generalizations. Matching can be a useful way to estimate these effects, especially when the treatment condition is comparatively rare in a population, and controls are numerous but mostly unlike the treatment cases. Matching on numerous covariates is abetted by the estimation of propensity scores, or functions of the probability that cases are treatments rather than controls. This procedure is illustrated in the estimation of the effects of an organizational innovation on Medicare mortality within hospitals; the data set is very large, but innovative hospitals few, and many of the remaining hospitals are quite unlike the hospitals constituting the treatment sub-sample. Results are based on a variance-components model that is extended to consider the effects of an additional covariate. They show effects of the organizational innovation comparable to those estimated via multiple regression models but with substantially reduced standard errors
Average treatment effect · Covariate · Data set · Econometrics · Economics · Environmental health · Estimation · Matching (statistics · Multivariate statistics · Observational study · Population · Propensity score matching · Regression · Regression analysis · Set (abstract data type · Statistics · Treatment effect · Variance (accounting · Advanced Causal Inference Techniques · Computer Science · Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life · Healthcare Policy and Management · Mathematics · Medicine
Covariance Adjustment in Randomized Experiments and Observational Studies
Causality in Policy Studies
Multivariate and Propensity Score Matching Software with Automated Balance Optimization
Propensity score techniques and the assessment of measured covariate balance to test causal associations in psychological research.
Full Matching in an Observational Study of Coaching for the SAT
Optimal Full Matching and Related Designs via Network Flows
Some Practical Guidance for the Implementation of Propensity Score Matching
Matching Methods for Causal Inference
Employment Versus Home-Stay and the Happiness of Women in the South Caucasus
Effects of cigarette price increase on fresh food expenditures of low-income South Korean households that spend relatively more on cigarettes
Do Large Estates Benefit Smallholder Neighbours? Evidence from Malawi
Female Land Ownership and Fertility in Nepal
Estimating Causal Effects With Matching Methods in the Presence and Absence of Bias Cancellation
When Race Makes No Difference
Metoder til at måle kausale effekter af socialpolitiske indsatser
Genetic Matching for Estimating Causal Effects
Counterfactuals, Causal Effect Heterogeneity, and the Catholic School Effect on Learning
A relação entre parturição e trabalho feminino no Brasil
Neurobehavioral Consequences of Prenatal Exposure to Smoking at 6 to 8 Months of Age
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The influence of environmental awareness and conditions on successful aging
Health financing for the poor produces promising short-term effects on utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure
Identity-based Earning Discrimination among Chinese People
Early-life exposure to unimproved sanitation and delayed school enrollment
Differential and Distributional Effects of Energy Efficiency Surveys
Fundamentally Flawed?”
Income advantages of communist party members before and During the transformation process
Finding a Comparison Group
Understanding Foster Youth Outcomes
The Impact of Mobile Crisis Services on the Use of Community-Based Mental Health Services
Raising Societal Support for Development Cooperation
The Impact of Fair Trade Certification for Coffee Farmers in Peru
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Propensity score matching strategies for evaluating substance abuse services for child welfare clients
Assessing residential segregation among medicaid recipients with psychiatric disability in Philadelphia
In This Volume
Does Parental Migration During Childhood Affect Children's Lifetime Educational Attainment? Evidence From Mexico
Remittances in the Republic of Georgia
Gender differences in the effects of prison on recidivism
Poor Places, Poor Prospects? Counterfactual Models of Neighbourhood Effects on Social Exclusion in Stockholm, Sweden
Addressing confounding errors when using non-experimental, observational data to make causal claims
Effect of the Czech Firms Break-Up on their Profitability and Productivity
Empirical Evidence on Faith‐Based Organizations in an Era of Welfare Reform
Transitions in romantic relationships and development of self-esteem
Family formation among women in the U.S. military
Using full matching to estimate causal effects in nonexperimental studies
Combining group-based trajectory modeling and propensity score matching for causal inferences in nonexperimental longitudinal data
Attainments and limitations of an early childhood programme in Colombia
The Context of Marriage and Crime
Supermax Incarceration and Recidivism
Transferred Juveniles in the Era of Sentencing Guidelines
Juvenility and Punishment
Self-Rated Health among Foreign- and U.S.-Born Asian Americans
A Two-Path Theory of Context Effects
Assessing Bias in the Estimation of Causal Effects
Effect of women's self‐help group participation on their financial inclusion measured through a women‐centric index
Gender, Ideology, and Dominance in Supreme Court Oral Arguments
Off to a Bad Start
Matching with Text Data
Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference
Looking for twins
Methods of Election Manipulation and the Likelihood of Post-Election Protest
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Untangling the Causal Effects of Sex on Judging
The Challenges of Conducting Research in Diverse Classrooms
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The impact of social action funds on child health in a conflict affected country
Parental Networks, Social Closure, and Mathematics Learning
Consequences of Parental Divorce for Child Development
Measuring the impact of fair trade on development
How the Trump Administration's Quota Policy Transformed Immigration Judging
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Estimating the Effect of Premarital Cohabitation on Timing of Marital Disruption
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Causal Inference in Sociological Research
Breakup of New Orleans Households After Hurricane Katrina
Parents' Union Dissolution and Adolescents' School Performance
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Young Fatherhood and Subsequent Disadvantage in the United Kingdom
An Early Start
Counterfactual Models of Neighborhood Effects
When contact counts
Voluntary and involuntary job mobility and earnings inequality in urban China, 1993-2000
Variance Components
Bias Reduction Using Mahalanobis-Metric Matching
Matching to Remove Bias in Observational Studies
Hospital Characteristics and Mortality Rates
The Consquences of Adjustment for a Concomitant Variable That Has Been Affected by the Treatment
Matching Using Estimated Propensity Scores
The Use of Matched Sampling and Regression Adjustment to Remove Bias in Observational Studies
Reducing Bias in Observational Studies Using Subclassification on the Propensity Score
The Bias Due to Incomplete Matching
The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects
Statistics and Causal Inference
Constructing a Control Group Using Multivariate Matched Sampling Methods That Incorporate the Propensity Score
Hierarchical linear models
Adjusted hospital death rates
Specification Problems in Experimental and Nonexperimental Social Research
Lower Medicare Mortality Among a Set of Hospitals Known for Good Nursing Care
Does Arrest Really Deter Wife Battery? An Effort to Replicate the Findings of the Minneapolis Spouse Abuse Experiment
College Effects on Educational and Occupational Attainments
An Introduction to Causal Inference
The Computerized Construction of a Matched Sample
Incomplete Matching in Ex Post Facto Studies
| Unique citing works | 85 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,93 |
| Citation span | 1997 - 2025 (29) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 85 |