Seeing isn't believing
The effect of intergroup exposure on children's essentialist beliefs about ethnic categories
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6200319 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Inas Deeb (Bar-Ilan University), Gili Segall (Bar-Ilan University), Dana Birnbaum, Dana W Birnbaum (Bar-Ilan University), Adar Ben-Eliyahu, Adar Ben‐Eliyahu (0000-0003-4902-2289, Duke University), Gil Diesendruck (0000-0002-1352-7173, Bar-Ilan University) |
| Year | 2011 |
| Volume | 101 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 1139-1156 |
| Publication date | 2011-12-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/a0026107 |
| PMID | 22059842 |
| OpenAlex | W2058265946 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 35 |
| References cited | 49 |
Adults and children seem to essentialize certain social categories. Three studies investigated whether, and how, exposure to ethnic diversity affects this bias. Participants were 516 kindergarten, 2nd grade, and 6th grade Israeli Jewish and Arab children attending regular (mono-cultural) or integrated schools. Study 1 revealed that exposure increased the salience of ethnicity, especially for Jewish children. Study 2 showed no differences among groups at kindergarten regarding the relevance of recalling a story character's ethnicity, but by 2nd grade, Jewish children attending integrated schools were the most likely to mention such information. Finally, Study 3 revealed that while all kindergarteners started off at a similar level of essentialism towards ethnicity, exposure affected Arab, but especially Jewish, children's essentialist beliefs. Moreover, there were negative correlations between the salience of and essentialism towards ethnicity. Thus, interethnic exposure alleviated children's essentialist bias towards ethnicity and did so via making children aware of, rather than blind to, ethnic categories
Cognitive psychology · Developmental psychology · Essentialism · Ethnic group · Judaism · Salience (neuroscience) · Sociology · Cultural Differences and Values · Gender Studies · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Parochialism in preschool boys' resource allocation
Children explain in‐ and out‐group behavior differently
Cultural context shapes essentialist beliefs about religion
Essentialist thinking predicts decrements in children’s memory for racially ambiguous faces
Development of essentialist thinking about religion categories in Northern Ireland (and the United States)
Black and White children’s race-based information endorsement and teacher preference
The Roots of Racial Categorization
How essentialist beliefs about national groups differ by cultural origin and study abroad experience among Chinese and American college students
Does Social Constructionist Curricula Both Decrease Essentialist and Increase Nominalist Beliefs About Race
The case of common humanity
Priming group identities affects children's resource distribution among groups
Does It Matter How We Speak About Social Kinds? A Large, Preregistered, Online Experimental Study of How Language Shapes the Development of Essentialist Beliefs
Essentialization of Social Categories Across Development in Two Cultures
Diversity vs. ingroup
The Role of Diversity Exposure in Whites’ Reduction in Race Essentialism Over Time
Deconstructing racial essentialism in the classroom
The Geography and Political Context of Human Rights Education
Promoting positive intergroup attitudes using persona dolls
Do young American children essentialize ethnicity? Examining inductive inferences about Hispanic/Latinx individuals in an ethnically diverse sample
What children want to know about in‐ and out‐groups, and how knowledge affects their intergroup attitudes
Exploring Facilitators and Disruptors of Polarization During Adolescence Within Contested Settings
Changing beliefs about gender
The Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Teaching Hard History
Racial Essentialism and Stress
Predictors of out‐group empathy among majority and minority children in a conflict‐affected society
Children’s developing disability concepts
Children’s meta-perceptions about the out-group and their association with intergroup attitudes
Ethno‐political socialization of young children in societies involved in intractable conflict
Children's and adults' understanding of punishment and the criminal justice system
Exploring the Out-Group Homogeneity Effect Among Arab Children in Israel
Explaining the Inexplicable
Psychological essentialism and the structure of concepts
Children's and Adults' Affectionate Generosity Toward Members of Different Religious Groups
Conceptualizations of Race
Representation of the Gender of Human Faces by Infants
The Interplay of Subjective Essentialism and Entitativity in the Formation of Stereotypes
A developmental examination of the conceptual structure of animal, artifact, and human social categories across two cultural contexts
Perceptions of race
Carrot-Eaters and Creature-Believers
Direct and Extended Friendship Effects on Minority and Majority Children’s Interethnic Attitudes
Nature and Nurture in Own-Race Face Processing
Essentialist beliefs about social categories
It is who you know that counts
Subtle Linguistic Cues Affect Children's Motivation
Beyond the Contact Hypothesis
Psychological Essentialism of Human Categories
Salient Intergroup Ideology and Intergroup Interaction
Relationships Between Intergroup Contact and Prejudice Among Minority and Majority Status Groups
Self and Social Identity
Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations
Explaining culture
An integrative theory of intergroup contact
Are essentialist beliefs associated with prejudice
Stereotypes and Prejudice in Conflict
Developmental Intergroup Theory
Changing Children's Intergroup Attitudes Toward Refugees
White Americans' Genetic Lay Theories of Race Differences and Sexual Orientation
Multicultural and Colorblind Ideology, Stereotypes, and Ethnocentrism among Black and White Americans
Multiculturalism in deeply divided societies
Development of social categories and stereotypes in early childhood
How social experience is related to children's intergroup attitudes
Emotional prejudice, essentialism, and nationalism The 2002 Tajfel lecture
Changing attitudes through intergroup contact
Exploring and Evaluating School‐Based Interventions to Reduce Prejudice
Essentialism, Culture, and Power
Stereotype formation and endorsement
Perceived intragroup homogeneity in minority-majority contexts
Learning (not) to talk about race
Perceived Intragroup Variability as a Function of Group Status and Identification
Psychological essentialism and stereotype endorsement
Does contact reduce prejudice or does prejudice reduce contact? A longitudinal test of the contact hypothesis among majority and minority groups in three european countries
Concepts
In Genes We Trust
Biological conceptions of race and the motivation to cross racial boundaries
Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and stereotyping
A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory
A test of the extended intergroup contact hypothesis
Reducing intergroup bias
Theorizing gender in the face of social change
Intergroup Contact
Social inequality and the reduction of ideological dissonance on behalf of the system
Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups
| Unique citing works | 35 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,5 |
| Citation span | 2012 - 2026 (15) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 29 |