Demand characteristics versus dissonance reduction as determinants of failure-seeking behavior
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6201892 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Irwin Silverman (0000-0001-6533-7315), Charles Marcantonio |
| Year | 1965 |
| Volume | 2 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 882-884 |
| Publication date | 1965-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/h0022628 |
| PMID | 5838493 |
| OpenAlex | W2080852262 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 10 |
Based on Ward and Sandvold's rcinlerpretation of Aronson and Carlsmith's findings, the failure-expectancy condition of the latter study was replicated with reliability-validity emphasis included for one group and excluded for another. In contrast to Ward and Sandvold's position, the present data suggested that the reliability-validity emphasis increased success-seeking behavior at the expense of consistency-s eeking behavior. An alternate explanation of the differences between Ward and Sandvold's and Aronson and Carlsmith's findings is offered. Aronson and Carlsmith (1962) performed an experiment, based on dissonance theory, in which they demonstrated that subjects who were led to expect that they would either succeed or fail on a given test altered their performance to conform to these expectancies. Ward and Sandvold (1963) contended that consistency-seeking behavior on the part of the subjects in the Aronson and Carlsmith study may be interpreted as a response to demand characteristics (Orne, 1962) rather than a mechanism of dissonance reduction, inasmuch as these authors emphasized to their subjects the reliability and validity of the test. Ward and Sandvold performed a partial replication of the study in which experimenter demands were excluded by eliminating that portion of Aronson and Carlsmith's introduction to the subjects which stressed reliability and validity. Subjects in the Ward and Sandvold study altered
Cognitive dissonance · Reduction (mathematics) · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics · Innovation Diffusion and Forecasting · Psychology · Social Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 10 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,16 |
| Citation span | 1965 - 2011 (47) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 7 |