A test between deindividuation and emergent norm theories of crowd aggression
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6202671 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Leon Mann (0000-0003-2495-1022, corresponding author), James W Newton, J Michael Innes (0000-0002-7232-6937) |
| Year | 1982 |
| Volume | 42 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 260-272 |
| Publication date | 1982-02-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037//0022-3514.42.2.260 |
| OpenAlex | W4233831377 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 16 |
| References cited | 13 |
Deindividuation theory predicts that under the cover of anonymity, crowd members will be more aggressive than when identifiable. Emergent norm theory predicts that the most aggressive behavior will occur when an aggressive norm prevails in a crowd in which participants are identifiable to each other. These contrasting propositions were tested in a laboratory experiment involving a 2X2 factorial design. In groups of 6-8, subjects who were either anonymous or identifiable to each other acted as an audience to a pair of discussants. Subjects were given the opportunity to administer loud noise to the discussants. The response displayed to each group as an alleged average was manipulated so that subjects were led to believe that either an aggressive or a lenient norm had developed. As predicted by deindividuation theory, anonymous subjects administered significantly higher levels of noise than identifiable subjects. Anonymous subjects used equally loud noise regardless of group norm. Self-ratings provided evidence that the effects of anonymity were mediated by a psychological state of deindividuation, in addition to freedom from accountability for individual acts. There was no support for the crucial emergent norm theory prediction that aggression will be greatest when subjects who are identifiable to each other are exposed to an aggressive norm
Aggression · Epistemology · Norm (philosophy · Perception · Social norms approach · Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion · Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection · Psychology · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment · Psychology of Social Influence · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
A Multi-faceted Approach to Anonymity Online
Aggression in the Sports World
External Validity of “Trivial” Experiments
Gender, Driver Aggression, and Driver Violence
Social Influence Perspective on Crowd Behavior
Police intervention in riots
When violence overshadows the spirit of sporting competition
Deindividuation and antinormative behavior
Civilizing social media
Disclosing Group Members’ Identities Reduces Cooperation in an Artefactual Public Goods Field Experiment
A Reconceptualization of General and Specific Deterrence
A Further Examination of Anonymity, Contagion, and Deindividuation in Crowd and Collective Behavior
Lost in the crowd
The great escape
Dark tourism and moral disengagement in liminal spaces
Masculinity, Violence, and Deindividuation in Argentine Soccer Chants
Group psychology and the analysis of the ego.
Theory of collective behavior.
The crowd
Effects of deindividuating situational cues and aggressive models on subjective deindividuation and aggression
Some aspects of deindividuation
On choosing a test statistic in multivariate analysis of variance
Effects of deindividuation variables on stealing among Halloween trick-or-treaters
Deindividuation, self-awareness, and disinhibition
Deindividuation in the small group
Deindividuation
A Computer Simulation of the Emergence of Consensus in Crowds
A Gaming Approach to Crowd Behavior
A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment
| Unique citing works | 16 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,4 |
| Citation span | 1986 - 2025 (40) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 15 |