J Michael Innes
Biographic Data
| ID | 900335 |
|---|---|
| NAME | J Michael Innes |
| GIVEN NAMES | J Michael |
| FAMILY NAME | Innes |
| SIGNATURE | INNES J M |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Adelaide |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7232-6937 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 38 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 31 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 38 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1939 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Social representation of the profession of psychology and the application of artificial intelligence: European Union regulatory authority and the application of psychology as a paradigm for the future
The digitisation of work affects thinking with respect to who will work, what work will entail and how governments will control change. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) is recognized as a threat and as a facilitator of change. The European Union leads in the development of regulatory power in the area. We examine these regulations and how they may affect the application of AI to work, especially with respect to psychology. Psycholo…
Changing attitudes to psychedelic drug assisted therapy: The induction of empathy to enhance community support for innovative interventions in mental health
Empirical research supports the use of psychoactive drugs to augment psychotherapy for the treatment of mental illness. The use of such drugs, however, is still resisted by many in the medical community and this transfers to resistance in the wider community. The stigma of controversy surrounding the drugs, further enhanced by the stigma of mental illness, hinders community acceptance. We report an experiment to change community attitudes to endo…
Experimental Studies of Human–Robot Interaction: Threats to Valid Interpretation from Methodological Constraints Associated with Experimental Manipulations
The Poor in England, 1700-1850: An Economy of Makeshifts
Journal Article The Poor in England, 1700–1850: An Economy of Makeshifts Get access The Poor in England, 1700–1850: An Economy of Makeshifts. Edited by STEVEN KING and ALANNAH TOMKINS (Manchester: Manchester U.P, 2003; pp. 285. £47.50). Joanna Innes Joanna Innes Somerville College, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXXI, Issue 494, December 2006, Pages 1473–1475, …
Encoding and Decoding of Facial Expression
Differences in judgment ratings on the development of smiling and neutral expressions over time were demonstrated with the use of line-drawn representations of facial expressions as stimuli. There was a greater variation in ratings for the different stages of smiling than for the equivalent stages of the neutral expression. Furthermore, the judges' ratings on the degree of smiling varied for the individual encoders or “models,” indicating that th…
Social representations and the concept of organizational culture
Knowledge of Gender Stereotypes and Attitudes Towards Women: A Preliminary Report
37 men and 77 women completed the British version of Spence and Helmreich's 1972 Attitudes Towards Women Scale and also generated what they believed were cultural stereotypes of women. The number o
Knowledge of Gender Stereotypes and Attitudes towards Women: A Preliminary Report
37 men and 77 women completed the British version of Spence and Helmreich's 1972 Attitudes Towards Women Scale and also generated what they believed were cultural stereotypes of women. The number of stereotypes produced by individuals was positively correlated with scale scores (.43 and .15) for men and women. The most frequently generated stereotypes were also those produced earlier in the respondents’ protocols, indicating that the most general…
Audio-visual information on child illness prevention in hospital waiting rooms: An experimental evaluation
An experiment conducted in the waiting room of a large public children's hospital is reported. The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of televized messages to improve parents' knowledge about child health, behaviour and accident prevention. The first part of the study concerned the construction of a knowledge test. The coefficient alpha for internal consistency for the test was 0.92. Low scoring target groups were identified from regress…
Cognitive tuning sets: Anticipating the consequences of communication
The public's view of the impact of the mass media: A test of the ‘third person’ effect
An experiment is reported to test Davidson's (1983) hypothesis that there is a pervasive ‘third person effect' whereby people see the mass media as more likely to affect other people than it is them. Respondents were asked to judge the likely impact of three different media issues, a political campaign, the influence of violence in the media and a drink driving advertising campaign. While an issue effect was found, so that the serf was most likel…
Job involvement as a moderator variable in the life events stress–illness relationship
It is hypothesized that the relationship between life events and reported symptoms of psychological and physical illness is moderated by the extent to which a person is job‐involved. Analysis of the data in a sample of employed men shows large correlations between a measure of life events and reported symptoms for men with low job involvement, substantially higher than where the men are highly job‐involved
The responses of professional fire‐fighters to disaster
This paper reports the results of a survey of the physical and mental reactions of a group ( N = 72) of members of the South Australian Metropolitan Fire Service (MFS) who were engaged in fighting the bushfires close to Adelaide, 16th‐19th February 1983. A questionnaire, designed to elicit reports on both physical and mental reactions to exposure to the fire, as well as perceptions of several measures of social strain and social support, was admi…
A test between deindividuation and emergent norm theories of crowd aggression
Deindividuation theory predicts that under the cover of anonymity, crowd members will be more aggressive than when identifiable. Emergent norm theory predicts that the most aggressive behavior will occur when an aggressive norm prevails in a crowd in which participants are identifiable to each other. These contrasting propositions were tested in a laboratory experiment involving a 2X2 factorial design. In groups of 6-8, subjects who were either a…
Polarization of Response as a Function of Cognitive Tuning Set and Individual Differences
The present paper examines the thesis that the opportunity to think about an issue or object polarizes subjects' evaluation of that issue. Two variables hypothesized to affect the thought/polarization relationship were examined: the cognitive tuning set (Zajonc, 1960) given to the person prior to thinking, and individual differences in the ability to generate associations. It was hypothesized that an expectation to provide information to another …
Awareness of Cognitive Processes: Replications and Revisions
Nisbett and Wilson have suggested that people have little or no awareness of their higher cognitive processes. When asked to report reasons for choices and behavior initiation, they report a priori causal theories rather than introspections. Because of the important implications of this thesis for social psychology two of the supporting experiments were replicated. Experiment 1 (N = 102 male and female Ss) found evidence that Ss were aware of bei…
Psychology of the Scientist: XLV. Collaboration and Productivity in Social Psychology
Price and Beaver in 1966 introduced the concept of “fractional productivities” to assess the total contribution any author may make to a field of scientific activity. The application of this measure to areas of research within social psychology shows both interesting continuities of research with that in the biological sciences and differences within social psychology itself. The use of such measures of scientific productivity may have benefits f…
Impulsivity and the Coronary-Prone Behavior Pattern
It has recently been suggested that individuals showing the Type A behavior pattern may be less impulsive than those not showing the pattern. In this way the failure of the Type A individual to make many errors in reaction time tasks may be accounted for. A correlational study with 56 male and female college undergraduates does show a trend towards a negative relationship between Type A and impulsivity, but within the construct of impulsivity two…
Some Problems with Conceptual Replications of Affiliative Behavior: More than Meets the Eye
The consideration of a small body of literature concerned with the relationship between the nature of emotional arousal and the effects of an opportunity to wait with another person shows researchers' unfortunate tendency not to sample systematically the variables manipulated in their experiments. This failure leads to difficulty in integration of the results. A replotting of data from two of the studies, however, in which there was an overlap in…
Social and behavioural dimensions of community health: An introductory course on psychology in health care settings
A course is described which presented views, to fourth year students in psychology, on the contributions that the psychologist potentially can make to community health as practitioners working collaboratively with a range of other professions in the health care System. Drawing upon contributions from other disciplines a broad range of views were described and evaluated. Data were available from student evaluations of the course and these are pres…
Attitudes towards Randomized Control Group Experimental Designs in the Field of Community Welfare
Subjects read a report describing an experiment in which juvenile offenders were to be randomly allocated either to the usual system of treatment, namely, institutionalization, or to a community-based treatment using family therapy to facilitate the communication of problems within the family unit. Generally, subjects reacted favourably to the hypothetical program, perceiving it to be scientific and morally justified. One variable which influence…
Conservatism and the Perception of Self and Others
A study of the extent to which people are likely to attribute traits to other people rather more than to themselves produced support for the Jones and Nisbett (1972) hypothesis. The level of trait attribution in the present study was, however, higher than that obtained in previous studies. Subjects low in conservatism assigned more traits than did those high in conservatism, but there was no interaction between conservatism and attribution of tra…
Attribution Biases of Psychiatrists and Psychologists
In attributing causes for problem behavior a sample of 12 psychiatrists showed a significant tendency to make more attributions of a dispositional nature than did a sample of 14 clinical psychologists. The psychiatrists also made more such attributions than a sample of 11 professionals of comparable age and status who had no clinical experience
The effect of professional training upon the perception of causality
Mere Exposure to Stimulus and Response Terms and Paired-Associate Learning
Subjects learned four-item paired-associate lists by the method of anticipation. Items were composed from Turkish-like words which the subject had either never seen previously or which had been exposed 16 times in a previous familiarization process designed to minimize the induction of verbal satiation. Analysis of the data indicated significant facilitation of learning due to familiarization with the stimulus term and a significant interaction o…
The public's view of the impact of the mass media: A test of the ‘third person’ effect
An experiment is reported to test Davidson's (1983) hypothesis that there is a pervasive ‘third person effect' whereby people see the mass media as more likely to affect other people than it is them. Respondents were asked to judge the likely impact of three different media issues, a political campaign, the influence of violence in the media and a drink driving advertising campaign. While an issue effect was found, so that the serf was most likel…
A test between deindividuation and emergent norm theories of crowd aggression
Deindividuation theory predicts that under the cover of anonymity, crowd members will be more aggressive than when identifiable. Emergent norm theory predicts that the most aggressive behavior will occur when an aggressive norm prevails in a crowd in which participants are identifiable to each other. These contrasting propositions were tested in a laboratory experiment involving a 2X2 factorial design. In groups of 6-8, subjects who were either a…
Does the professional know what the client wants
The effect of presence of an audience, evaluation apprehension and objective self-awareness on learning
Encoding and Decoding of Facial Expression
Differences in judgment ratings on the development of smiling and neutral expressions over time were demonstrated with the use of line-drawn representations of facial expressions as stimuli. There was a greater variation in ratings for the different stages of smiling than for the equivalent stages of the neutral expression. Furthermore, the judges' ratings on the degree of smiling varied for the individual encoders or “models,” indicating that th…
Experimenter bias and other possible biases in psychological research
Ajter a brief discussion of work on experimenter‐bias, it is suggested that the possibility of less well documented biases should be considered. A number of such biases are suggested. They are presented in terms of their source, namely the political ideologies, cultural backgrounds, biographical characteristics and personal characteristics of scientists. In considering implications of biases, three reactions are discussed: ignoring, controlling a…
The Poor in England, 1700-1850: An Economy of Makeshifts
Journal Article The Poor in England, 1700–1850: An Economy of Makeshifts Get access The Poor in England, 1700–1850: An Economy of Makeshifts. Edited by STEVEN KING and ALANNAH TOMKINS (Manchester: Manchester U.P, 2003; pp. 285. £47.50). Joanna Innes Joanna Innes Somerville College, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXXI, Issue 494, December 2006, Pages 1473–1475, …
Social representations and the concept of organizational culture
Social and behavioural dimensions of community health: An introductory course on psychology in health care settings
A course is described which presented views, to fourth year students in psychology, on the contributions that the psychologist potentially can make to community health as practitioners working collaboratively with a range of other professions in the health care System. Drawing upon contributions from other disciplines a broad range of views were described and evaluated. Data were available from student evaluations of the course and these are pres…
The effect of presence of co‐workers and evaluative feedback on performance of a simple reaction time task
Class Fertility Trends in England and Wales, 1876-1934
Influence of past Experience on Meaningfulness of Concepts on a Semantic Differential
Female social science Ss evaluating concepts on a semantic differential restricted judgments on the evaluative scale and this inhibition generalized to other dimensions. Although the method is usually held to be relatively free from bias, caution may be necessary in using results from a differential when Ss are selected from a special background as in the present case where Ss had been restrained from making value judgments when dealing with soci…
A note on the usefulness of biographical material
Experimenter bias and other possible biases in psychological research
Ajter a brief discussion of work on experimenter‐bias, it is suggested that the possibility of less well documented biases should be considered. A number of such biases are suggested. They are presented in terms of their source, namely the political ideologies, cultural backgrounds, biographical characteristics and personal characteristics of scientists. In considering implications of biases, three reactions are discussed: ignoring, controlling a…
Word Association, Associative Structure and Manifest Anxiety
Undergraduate subjects gave continuous associations to four stimulus words varying in connotation and abstractness. Subjects scoring high and low on the Manifest Anxiety Scale were selected; these subjects then gave continuous associations to their first five responses to each of the original stimulus words. A measure of inter‐item associative strength was obtained for each of the original stimuli. The highly anxious subjects' associations to the…
Freud's ‘Project for a Scientific Psychology’: Possible implications for contemporary psychology
The effect of presence of co‐workers and evaluative feedback on performance of a simple reaction time task
Word‐association Response Commonality and the Generation of Associative Structures
Subjects were selected as high or low in the number of primaries given in a word‐association task under both standard instructions and with instructions to give popular associations. Low‐commonality scorers produced words with a larger number of interconnexions than high‐commonality scorers, but did not produce more different words on a later serial‐association task. Commonality score under popular set did not seem to affect the production of ass…
The Relationship of Word‐association Commonality Response Set to Cognitive and Personality Variables
A form of the Kent‐Rosanoff Word‐Association Test was given to a sample of male and female undergraduate students, together with tests of Ideational and Associational Fluency, Verbal Ability and of Neuroticism and Extraversion. Analysis of the data indicates little relationship between various measures of associative commonality and originality and the tests of fluency and ability. A significant correlation between Neuroticism and giving common r…
The influence of attitude on the learning of balanced and unbalanced social structures
The effect of familiarity and incentive on liking and exploration
The effect of presence of an audience, evaluation apprehension and objective self-awareness on learning
Mere Exposure to Stimulus and Response Terms and Paired-Associate Learning
Subjects learned four-item paired-associate lists by the method of anticipation. Items were composed from Turkish-like words which the subject had either never seen previously or which had been exposed 16 times in a previous familiarization process designed to minimize the induction of verbal satiation. Analysis of the data indicated significant facilitation of learning due to familiarization with the stimulus term and a significant interaction o…
Does the professional know what the client wants
Conservatism and the Perception of Self and Others
A study of the extent to which people are likely to attribute traits to other people rather more than to themselves produced support for the Jones and Nisbett (1972) hypothesis. The level of trait attribution in the present study was, however, higher than that obtained in previous studies. Subjects low in conservatism assigned more traits than did those high in conservatism, but there was no interaction between conservatism and attribution of tra…
Attribution Biases of Psychiatrists and Psychologists
In attributing causes for problem behavior a sample of 12 psychiatrists showed a significant tendency to make more attributions of a dispositional nature than did a sample of 14 clinical psychologists. The psychiatrists also made more such attributions than a sample of 11 professionals of comparable age and status who had no clinical experience
The effect of professional training upon the perception of causality
Attitudes towards Randomized Control Group Experimental Designs in the Field of Community Welfare
Subjects read a report describing an experiment in which juvenile offenders were to be randomly allocated either to the usual system of treatment, namely, institutionalization, or to a community-based treatment using family therapy to facilitate the communication of problems within the family unit. Generally, subjects reacted favourably to the hypothetical program, perceiving it to be scientific and morally justified. One variable which influence…
Psychology of the Scientist: XLV. Collaboration and Productivity in Social Psychology
Price and Beaver in 1966 introduced the concept of “fractional productivities” to assess the total contribution any author may make to a field of scientific activity. The application of this measure to areas of research within social psychology shows both interesting continuities of research with that in the biological sciences and differences within social psychology itself. The use of such measures of scientific productivity may have benefits f…
Impulsivity and the Coronary-Prone Behavior Pattern
It has recently been suggested that individuals showing the Type A behavior pattern may be less impulsive than those not showing the pattern. In this way the failure of the Type A individual to make many errors in reaction time tasks may be accounted for. A correlational study with 56 male and female college undergraduates does show a trend towards a negative relationship between Type A and impulsivity, but within the construct of impulsivity two…
Some Problems with Conceptual Replications of Affiliative Behavior: More than Meets the Eye
The consideration of a small body of literature concerned with the relationship between the nature of emotional arousal and the effects of an opportunity to wait with another person shows researchers' unfortunate tendency not to sample systematically the variables manipulated in their experiments. This failure leads to difficulty in integration of the results. A replotting of data from two of the studies, however, in which there was an overlap in…
Social and behavioural dimensions of community health: An introductory course on psychology in health care settings
A course is described which presented views, to fourth year students in psychology, on the contributions that the psychologist potentially can make to community health as practitioners working collaboratively with a range of other professions in the health care System. Drawing upon contributions from other disciplines a broad range of views were described and evaluated. Data were available from student evaluations of the course and these are pres…
Polarization of Response as a Function of Cognitive Tuning Set and Individual Differences
The present paper examines the thesis that the opportunity to think about an issue or object polarizes subjects' evaluation of that issue. Two variables hypothesized to affect the thought/polarization relationship were examined: the cognitive tuning set (Zajonc, 1960) given to the person prior to thinking, and individual differences in the ability to generate associations. It was hypothesized that an expectation to provide information to another …
Awareness of Cognitive Processes: Replications and Revisions
Nisbett and Wilson have suggested that people have little or no awareness of their higher cognitive processes. When asked to report reasons for choices and behavior initiation, they report a priori causal theories rather than introspections. Because of the important implications of this thesis for social psychology two of the supporting experiments were replicated. Experiment 1 (N = 102 male and female Ss) found evidence that Ss were aware of bei…
A test between deindividuation and emergent norm theories of crowd aggression
Deindividuation theory predicts that under the cover of anonymity, crowd members will be more aggressive than when identifiable. Emergent norm theory predicts that the most aggressive behavior will occur when an aggressive norm prevails in a crowd in which participants are identifiable to each other. These contrasting propositions were tested in a laboratory experiment involving a 2X2 factorial design. In groups of 6-8, subjects who were either a…
Psychology (33 works) · Social Psychology (28 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Cognitive psychology (15 works) · Computer Science (14 works) · Political science (11 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (11 works) · Developmental psychology (8 works) · Medicine (5 works) · Psychiatry (5 works)