Affirmed yet unaware
Exploring the role of awareness in the process of self-affirmation
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6203354 |
|---|---|
| Authors | David K Sherman (0000-0003-4423-862X, University of California, Santa Barbara), Geoffrey L Cohen (University of Colorado Boulder), L D Nelson (0000-0003-1148-4461, University of California, Berkeley), A David Nussbaum (University of Waterloo), Debra P Bunyan (University of California, Santa Barbara), Julio Garcia (0000-0002-7126-3284, University of Colorado Boulder) |
| Year | 2009 |
| Volume | 97 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 745-764 |
| Publication date | 2009-11-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/a0015451 |
| PMID | 19856999 |
| OpenAlex | W2124754214 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 62 |
| References cited | 55 |
Three studies investigated whether self-affirmation can proceed without awareness, whether people are aware of the influence of experimental self-affirmations, and whether such awareness facilitates or undermines the self-affirmation process. The authors found that self-affirmation effects could proceed without awareness, as implicit self-affirming primes (utilizing sentence-unscrambling procedures) produced standard self-affirmation effects (Studies 1 and 3). People were generally unaware of self-affirmation's influence, and self-reported awareness was associated with decreased impact of the affirmation (Studies 1 and 2). Finally, affirmation effects were attenuated when people learned that self-affirmation was designed to boost self-esteem (Study 2) or told of a potential link between self-affirmation and evaluations of threatening information (Study 3). Together, these studies suggest not only that affirmation processes can proceed without awareness but also that increased awareness of the affirmation may diminish its impact
Self-affirmation · Self-awareness · Self-concept · Self-disclosure · Self-enhancement · Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion · Psychology · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 62 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,13 |
| Citation span | 2011 - 2026 (16) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 61 |