Need for cognition, task difficulty, and the formation of performance expectancies
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6203673 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Marc-André Reinhard (0000-0003-1588-3005, Technische Hochschule Mannheim), Oliver Dickhäuser (0000-0002-3126-8398, University of Mannheim) |
| Year | 2009 |
| Volume | 96 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 1062-1076 |
| Publication date | 2009-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/a0014927 |
| PMID | 19379036 |
| OpenAlex | W2078133777 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 10 |
| References cited | 14 |
In the present article, the authors analyze how performance expectancies are generated and how they affect actual performance. The authors predicted that task difficulty would affect performance expectancies only when cognitive motivation (i.e., need for cognition [NFC]) and cognitive capacity are high. This should be the case because analyzing task difficulty is a process requiring cognitive capacity as well as cognitive motivation. The findings supported the expected NFC x Difficulty interaction for the formation of performance expectancies (Study 1, Study 2), but only when cognitive capacity was high (Study 2). The authors also predicted that expectancies would affect actual performance only if the task is difficult and if task difficulty is taken into account when the expectancy is generated. This hypothesis was supported: Significant relations between performance expectancies and actual performance were found only for difficult tasks and for participants higher in NFC. Studies 5 and 6 showed clear evidence that the NFC x Difficulty interaction could not be explained by differences in the use of task-specific self-concepts. The findings were robust across academic, social, and physical tasks
Affect (linguistics) · Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Developmental psychology · Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance · Elementary cognitive task · Expectancy theory · Need for cognition · Social cognition · Task (project management) · Communication · Creativity in Education and Neuroscience · Education, Achievement, and Giftedness · Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports · Psychology · Social Psychology
Modeling Self-reported Instrument Data with Gene Expression Programming
How Task Experience Influences Students' Performance Expectancies
Motivation
How Does Coaching Leadership Influence Technical Workers’ Taking Charge Behavior? A Job Demands -Resources Perspective
The role of need for cognition and perceived self-efficacy in modulating emotional and behavioural responses to failure
The Learning Process in Live-Action Simulation Games
How team structure affects interbrain synchronization during creative interaction
“Mirror, mirror, on the wall. Who is the greenest of them all?” the impact of green advertising cues on generational cohorts
Do More Options Always Benefit the Users of Public Services? An Experimental Study of School Choice, Performance, and Satisfaction
Student motivation and instructional clarity
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cognitive Load Measurement as a Means to Advance Cognitive Load Theory
Predictors of math anxiety and its influence on young adolescents' course enrollment intentions and performance in mathematics.
Self-Concept
Expectancy–Value Theory of Achievement Motivation
The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion
Source Attributions and Persuasion
Expectancies and Social Issues
Factors underlying expectancies of success and achievement
Perceived difficulty, energization, and the magnitude of goal valence
Coursework Selection
Effects of need for cognition on message evaluation, recall, and persuasion
The need for cognition
Dispositional differences in cognitive motivation
| Unique citing works | 10 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,67 |
| Citation span | 2011 - 2026 (16) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 9 |