Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Motivated self-stereotyping

Heightened assimilation and differentiation needs result in increased levels of positive and negative self-stereotyping

Bibliographic Data

ID6206947
AuthorsCynthia L Pickett (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Bryan L Bonner (0000-0002-7294-5789, Williams College), Jill M Coleman (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)
Year2002
Volume82
Issue4
Pages543-562
Publication date2002-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1037/0022-3514.82.4.543
PMID11999923
OpenAlexW2011683118
LanguageEN
Citations received77
References cited55

This research was conducted to explore the impact of assimilation and differentiation needs on content-specific self-stereotyping. According to optimal distinctiveness theory (M. B. Brewer, 1991), social identities serve the function of satisfying individuals' need for assimilation (in-group inclusion) and their need for differentiation (distinctiveness from others). It was proposed that one of the ways optimal social identities are maintained is through self-stereotyping. In 3 studies, the needs for assimilation and differentiation were experimentally manipulated, and support was found for increased self-stereotyping in response to heightened need arousal across both self-report and behavioral measures and across different social groups. Results also demonstrated that only those participants who were highly identified with their in-group were willing to engage in negative self-stereotyping

Arousal · Assimilation (phonology) · Belongingness · Developmental psychology · Optimal distinctiveness theory · Self-concept · Social group · Social identity theory · Cultural Differences and Values · Gender Roles and Identity Studies · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology

  • God, sex, and money among the ultra-Orthodox in Israel

    Open Access•Nechumi Malovicki Yaffe, Melissa M Mcdonald et al.•Evolution and Human Behavior•2018

  • Stereotypes of bisexual people

    Sara E Burke, Mélisse Lafrance•Psychology of Sexual Orientation…•2016

  • Harmony and Discord

    Open Access•H Giles, David L Hamilton et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2009

  • What does it mean to belong? Interpersonal bonds and intragroup similarities as predictors of felt belonging in different types of groups

    Open Access•Matthew J Easterbrook, Matt Easterbrook et al.•European Journal of Social…•2013

  • Assimilation and Differentiation Needs as Motivational Determinants of Perceived In-group and Out-Group Homogeneity

    Open Access•Cynthia L Pickett, Marilynn B Brewer•Journal of Experimental Social…•2001

  • “They” are old but “I” feel younger

    David Weiss, Frieder R Lang•Psychology and Aging•2012

  • A Model of the Ingroup as a Social Resource

    Open Access•Joshua Correll, B Park•Personality and Social Psychology…•2005

  • The Many Ways to Be Marginal in a Group

    Open Access•Naomi Ellemers, Jolanda Jetten•Personality and Social Psychology…•2013

  • Inclusion and Diversity in Work Groups

    Open Access•Lynn M Shore, Amy E Randel et al.•Journal of Management•2011

  • Identity Motives

    Vivian L Vignoles•Handbook of Identity Theory and…•2011

  • Can Peripheral Group Members Not Represent the In-Group? The Effect of Member Prototypicality on Intergroup Conflict

    Open Access•Xinwei Hong, Peng Liu et al.•Psychological Reports•2023

  • Women Like Me Are Bad at Math

    Open Access•Angela C Bell, Melissa Burkley•Social and Personality Psychology…•2014

  • Children’s Well-Being in the Context of Perceived Inclusion and Digitalization

    Open Access•Junichi Hirose•Education Sciences•2025

  • Electronically Monitored Youth

    Open Access•Marijana Kotlaja, Lindsey E Wylie•Crime & Delinquency•2024

  • The Gender-Equality Paradox and Optimal Distinctiveness

    Open Access•Allon Vishkin, Michael L Slepian et al.•Social Psychological and…•2022

  • Lay Theories and Intergroup Relations

    Open Access•Sheri R Levy, Chi-Yue Chiu et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2006

  • Perspective-Taking and Self-Other Overlap

    Open Access•Adam D Galinsky, Gillian Ku et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2005

  • New kinds of group complexity in intergroup relations

    Open Access•Valentina Palacio Posada, Daniel J Chiacchia et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2026

  • Group-based emotion processes generalize across group exemplars and types

    Open Access•Diane M Mackie, Eliot R Smith et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2023

  • We’re mad as hell and we’re not going to take it anymore”

    Open Access•Diana J Leonard, Wesley G Moons et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2010

  • Ingroup identification as a moderator of racial bias in a shoot–no shoot decision task

    Open Access•Jared B Kenworthy, Melisa A Barden et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2011

  • The more prototypical the better? The allure of being seen as one sees oneself

    Open Access•Antonio Gomez, Ángel Gómez et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2013

  • Social Identity on a National Scale

    Open Access•Dominic Abrams•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2009

  • Self-focus and stereotyping of the self

    Open Access•Scott Eidelman, Paul J Silvia•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2010

  • Creating identification with brand communities on Twitter

    Open Access•Manuela López, María Sicilia et al.•Internet Research•2017

  • Leaving the Catholic Church

    Open Access•Lotte Pummerer, Carlotta Reinhardt et al.•International Journal for the…•2025

  • Founder need to belong, tertius iungens orientation and new venture performance

    Open Access•Liqun Wei, Xi Zou et al.•Journal of Organizational Behavior•2020

  • Konstellationen und Dynamiken demokratischer Konflikte

    Open Access•Vincent August•Berliner Journal für Soziologie•2026

  • Gender Stereotypes and Women's Reports of Liking and Ability in Traditionally Masculine and Feminine Occupations

    Open Access•Debra L Oswald•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2008

  • Self-Perceived Gender Typicality, Gender-Typed Attributes, and Gender Stereotype Endorsement in Elementary-School-Aged Children

    Open Access•Meagan M Patterson•Sex Roles•2012

  • Optimal Distinctiveness Theory

    Geoffrey J Leonardelli, Cynthia L Pickett et al.•Advances In Experimental Social…•2010

  • The importance of being we

    Marilynn B Brewer•American Psychologist•2007

  • Construal level mind-sets moderate self- and social stereotyping

    Sean M Mccrea, Frank Wieber et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2012

  • Who drives divergence? Identity signaling, outgroup dissimilarity, and the abandonment of cultural tastes

    Jonah Berger, Chip Heath•Journal of Personality and Social…•2008

  • Satiated with belongingness? Effects of acceptance, rejection, and task framing on self-regulatory performance

    C Nathan Dewall, Roy F Baumeister et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2008

  • Inclusive leadership in times of global crisis

    Open Access•Chung Hee Kim, Hugh Scullion et al.•Critical Perspectives on…•2024

  • Beyond nature and nurture

    Jill M Coleman, Ying-Yi Hong•Self and Identity•2007

  • Loyalty Without Conformity

    Matthew J Hornsey, Jolanda Jetten•Self and Identity•2005

  • Comparing Self-stereotyping with In-group-stereotyping and Out-group-stereotyping in Unequal-status Groups

    Mara Cadinu, Marcella Latrofa et al.•Self and Identity•2012

  • The Positive (and Negative) Consequences of Endorsing Negative Self-stereotypes

    Melissa Burkley, Hart Blanton•Self and Identity•2009

  • Optimal distinctiveness, values, and uncertainty orientation

    Richard M Sorrentino, Clive Seligman et al.•Self and Identity•2007

  • The Individual Within the Group

    Open Access•Matthew J Hornsey, Jolanda Jetten•Personality and Social Psychology…•2004

  • Unmasking residents’ self-stereotyping of domestic tourists

    Zhihe Xie, Serene Tse et al.•Tourism Recreation Research•2026

  • Conforming to Deviate

    Open Access•Sofia Mumma•Political Behavior•2026

  • Multicultural public administration

    Open Access•Adrian Ritz, Kerstin Alfes•Public Administration•2017

  • Beyond self-esteem

    Vivian L Vignoles, Camillo Regalia et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2006

  • Culture and Imported Products

    Open Access•Nguyen Le, Sang Tan Huynh et al.•SAGE Open•2025

  • Warranting theory, stereotypes, and intercultural communication

    Open Access•Ning Liu, Yan Bing Zhang•International Journal of…•2020

  • Chameleonic social identities

    Open Access•Mara Cadinu, Silvia Galdi et al.•European Journal of Social…•2013

  • Loyal peripherals? The interactive effects of identification and peripheral group membership on deviance from non‐beneficial ingroup norms

    Open Access•Torsten Masson, Immo Fritsche•European Journal of Social…•2019

  • When personal identities confirm versus conflict with group identities

    Open Access•Meagan M Patterson, Rebecca S Bigler et al.•European Journal of Social…•2010

  • Sources of distinctiveness

    Open Access•Vivian L Vignoles, Xenia Chryssochoou et al.•European Journal of Social…•2002

  • Gender differences in implicit gender self‐categorization lead to stronger gender self‐stereotyping by women than by men

    Open Access•Mara Cadinu, Silvia Galdi•European Journal of Social…•2012

  • Colorblind and multicultural diversity strategies create identity management pressure

    Open Access•Teri A Kirby, Marco Silva Rego et al.•European Journal of Social…•2020

  • Playing to Win

    Open Access•Natalya Alonso•Journal of Social Issues•2018

  • Balancing the need to be “me” with the need to be “we”

    Erica B Slotter, Caitlin W Duffy et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2014

  • Endorsing a negative in-group stereotype as a self-protective strategy

    Open Access•Melissa Burkley, Hart Blanton•Journal of Experimental Social…•2007

  • The malleable influence of social consensus on attitude certainty

    Open Access•Joshua J Clarkson, Zakary L Tormala et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2013

  • The dangers of dating the “bad boy” (or girl)

    Open Access•Erica B Slotter, Wendi L Gardner•Journal of Experimental Social…•2012

  • Who am I if I am not like my group? Self-uncertainty and feeling peripheral in a group

    Open Access•Zachary P Hohman, Amber M Gaffney et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2017

  • Race-based biases in judgments of social pain

    Open Access•Jason C Deska, Jonathan W Kunstman et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2020

  • Identity motives and cultural priming

    Open Access•Xi Zou, Michael W Morris et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2008

  • I feel our pain

    Open Access•Wesley G Moons, Diana J Leonard et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2009

  • More Royalist Than the King? Immigration Policy Attitudes Among Naturalized Citizens

    Open Access•Emanuele Politi, Marion Chipeaux et al.•Political Psychology•2020

  • Understanding democratic conflicts

    Open Access•Vincent August•European Journal of Political…•2024

  • Polarizing Cues

    Open Access•Stephen P Nicholson•American Journal of Political…•2012

  • How Are Social Identities Linked to Self-Conception and Intergroup Orientation? The Moderating Effect of Implicit Theories

    Ying-Yi Hong, Gloria Chan et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2003

  • Social comparison, self-stereotyping, and gender differences in self-construals

    Serge Guimond, Armand Chatard et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2006

  • Sexual harassment under social identity threat

    A Maa, Mara Cadinu et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2003

  • How authentic leadership and inclusion benefit organizations

    Open Access•Kenna Cottrill, Patricia Denise Lopez et al.•Equal Opportunities International•2014

  • Newcomer Conformity

    Susanne Täuber, Kai Sassenberg•Social Psychology•2012

  • Stereotypes as source of subcultural capital

    Open Access•Ewa Dynarowicz•Popular Music•2018

  • Prejudiced When Climbing Up or When Falling Down? Why Some People of Color Express Anti-Black Racism

    Open Access•Efrén Pérez, Crystal Robertson et al.•American Political Science Review•2023

  • When Does Life Satisfaction Accompany Relational Identity Signaling

    Open Access•Robert Kreuzbauer, Chi-Yue Chiu et al.•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2014

  • Self-Expression Cues in Product Rating Distributions

    Open Access•Bella Rozenkrants, Christian Wheeler et al.•Journal of Consumer Research•2017

  • Assimilating and Differentiating

    Open Access•Yan Li, Li Yan et al.•Journal of Consumer Research•2021

  • Theorizing democratic conflicts beyond agonism

    Open Access•Vincent August, Manon Westphal•Theory and Society•2024

  • Social identity and intergroup relations

    Henri Tajfel•Social identity and intergroup…•1982

  • Handbook of motivation and cognition

    E Tory Higgins, Richard M Sorrentino•Handbook of motivation and…•1986

  • In-Group Identification as a Function of Depersonalization, Distinctiveness, and Status

    Open Access•Marilynn B Brewer, Jorge Manzi et al.•Psychological Science•1993

  • Social Identity Theory's Self-Esteem Hypothesis

    Open Access•M Rubin, Miles Hewstone•Personality and Social Psychology…•1998

  • Self and Collective

    Open Access•John Turner, John C Turner et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•1994

  • Rediscovering the Social Group

    John C Turner•Rediscovering the Social Group•1989

  • Identifying Organizational Identification

    Open Access•Fred A Mael, Lois E Tetrick•Educational and Psychological…•1992

  • An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict

    Henri Tajfel, John Turner•Organizational identity•2000

  • The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior

    Henri Tajfel, John Turner et al.•Political Psychology•2004

  • Social identity and intergroup relations

    Dominic Abrams•APA Handbook of Personality and…•2015

  • Intergroup behaviour, self‐stereotyping and the salience of social categories

    Open Access•Michael A Hogg, John Turner et al.•British Journal of Social…•1987

  • Rediscovering the Social Group

    Open Access•Fraser Reid•British Journal of Social…•1987

  • Social Identity, Distinctiveness, and In-Group Homogeneity

    Marilynn B Brewer•Social Cognition•1993

  • A Collective Self-Esteem Scale

    Open Access•Riia Luhtanen, Jennifer Crocker•Personality and Social Psychology…•1992

  • Self-Stereotyping in the Face of Threats to Group Status and Distinctiveness

    Open Access•Russell Spears, Bertjan Doosje et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•1997

  • Social Identifications

    Dominic Abrams, Michael A Hogg•Social Identifications•2006

  • The Social Self

    Open Access•Marilynn B Brewer•Personality and Social Psychology…•1991

  • Subgroup differentiation as a response to an overly-inclusive group

    Open Access•Matthew J Hornsey, Michael A Hogg•European Journal of Social…•1999

  • Stereotyping and Self-Presentation

    Open Access•Chi-Yue Chiu, Chi‐yue Chiu et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•1998

  • Individuation or Depersonalization

    Open Access•Jan-Wiliem van Prooijen, Daan Van Knippenberg•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2000

  • Self-stereotyping, sex role ideology, and menstrual attitudes

    Open Access•Elizabeth A Hardie, Nancy E McMurray•Sex Roles•1992

  • Stereotyping and Self-Stereotyping in a Natural Intergroup Context

    Bernd Simon, Brigitta Glassner-Bayerl et al.•Social Psychology Quarterly•1991

  • Distinctiveness threat and prototypicality

    Open Access•Jolanda Jetten, Russell Spears et al.•European Journal of Social…•1997

  • Ingroup bias

    Open Access•M Verkuyten, Shervin Nekuee•European Journal of Social…•1999

  • Similarity as a source of differentiation

    Open Access•Jolanda Jetten, Russell Spears et al.•European Journal of Social…•2001

  • Effects of intergroup similarity on intergroup relations

    Open Access•Sonia Roccas, Shalom H Schwartz•European Journal of Social…•1993

  • Self-categorisation, commitment to the group and group self-esteem as related but distinct aspects of social identity

    Open Access•Naomi Ellemers, Paulien Kortekaas et al.•European Journal of Social…•1999

  • Political distinctiveness

    Open Access•Dominic Abrams•European Journal of Social…•1994

  • Assimilation and Differentiation Needs as Motivational Determinants of Perceived In-group and Out-Group Homogeneity

    Open Access•Cynthia L Pickett, Marilynn B Brewer•Journal of Experimental Social…•2001

  • The Good, the Bad, and the Manly

    Open Access•Michael T Schmitt, Nyla R Branscombe•Journal of Experimental Social…•2001

  • Social stigma and self-esteem

    Jennifer Crocker, Brenda Major•Psychological Review•1989

  • Defining dimensions of distinctiveness

    Jolanda Jetten, Russell Spears et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1998

  • The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research

    Reuben M Baron, D A Kenny•Journal of Personality and Social…•1986

  • The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research

    Reuben M Baron, D A Kenny•Journal of Personality and Social…•1986

  • Pro-norm and anti-norm deviance within and between groups

    Dominic Abrams, José M Marques et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2000

  • Self-stereotyping and social context

    Bernd Simon, David L Hamilton•Journal of Personality and Social…•1994

  • Peripheral ingroup membership status and public negativity toward outgroups

    Jeffrey G Noel, Daniel L Wann et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1995

  • Intergroup norms and intergroup discrimination

    Jolanda Jetten, Russell Spears et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1996

  • Selective self-stereotyping

    Monica Biernat, Theresa K Vescio et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1996

  • From self-conceptions to self-worth

    Brett W Pelham, William B Swann•Journal of Personality and Social…•1989

  • The Distinctiveness Principle

    Open Access•Vivian L Vignoles, Xenia Chryssochoou et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2000

  • A threat in the air

    Claude M Steele•American Psychologist•1997

Unique citing works77
Citations per year3,08
Citation span2001 - 2026 (26)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 72

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae