Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Old Times There Are Not Forgotten

Race and Partisan Realignment in the Contemporary South

Bibliographic Data

ID6230058
AuthorsNicholas A Valentino (0000-0001-6767-4841, University of Michigan), David O Sears (University of California, Los Angeles)
Year2005
Volume49
Issue3
Pages672-688
Publication date2005-07-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueAmerican Journal of Political Science (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0092-5853 • E-ISSN: 1540-5907
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00136.x
OpenAlexW2162465894
LanguageEN
Citations received197
References cited43

Our focus is the regional political realignment that has occurred among whites over the past four decades. We hypothesize that the South's shift to the Republican party has been driven to a significant degree by racial conservatism in addition to a harmonizing of partisanship with general ideological conservatism. General Social Survey and National Election Studies data from the 1970s to the present indicate that whites residing in the old Confederacy continue to display more racial antagonism and ideological conservatism than non‐Southern whites. Racial conservatism has become linked more closely to presidential voting and party identification over time in the white South, while its impact has remained constant elsewhere. This stronger association between racial antagonism and partisanship in the South compared to other regions cannot be explained by regional differences in nonracial ideology or nonracial policy preferences, or by the effects of those variables on partisanship

Conservatism · Demographic economics · Economics · Ideology · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Presidential election · Presidential system · Race (biology · Sociology · Survey data collection · Voting · White (mutation · Electoral Systems and Political Participation · Gender Politics and Representation · Gender Studies · Law · Social and Cultural Dynamics

  • White Identity Politics

    Open Access•A Jardina•White Identity Politics•2019

  • Polarization

    Nolan Mccarty•Polarization•2019

  • Lifecourse Social Conditions and Racial and Ethnic Patterns of Cognitive Aging

    Open Access•M Maria Glymour, Jennifer J Manly•Neuropsychology Review•2008

  • Threat perception and partisan animosity

    Open Access•Reid Gómez, José Javier Olivas Osuna et al.•European Journal of Political…•2026

  • More than a partisan pandemic

    Open Access•Marc J Hetherington, Andrew M Engelhardt et al.•Political Psychology•2026

  • Class Attitudes in America

    Spencer Piston•Class Attitudes in America•2018

  • Why Did the Democrats Lose the South? Bringing New Data to an Old Debate

    Ilyana Kuziemko, Ebonya Washington•American Economic Review•2018

  • Short Circuiting Policy

    Leah Stokes, Leah Cardamore Stokes•Short Circuiting Policy•2020

  • How Do Americans Explain Their Party Identification and Out-Partisan Animosity?

    Open Access•Anthony Fowler, Gregory A Huber et al.•Public Opinion Quarterly•2026

  • After Alexander

    Open Access•Jordan Ragusa, Claire B Wofford•Election Law Journal: Rules,…•2026

  • Who Should Police the Police? Partisanship, Racial Attitudes, and Public Support for Civilian Oversight

    Open Access•Rachel Novick, Mariah Robles•Criminal Justice Policy Review•2026

  • From old-fashioned to offensive racism

    René Baston•Philosophical Psychology•2023

  • Echo chambers, polarization, and “Post-truth”

    Wade Munroe•Philosophical Psychology•2024

  • Manifold Threats to White Identity and Their Political Effects on White Partisans

    Open Access•Efrén Pérez, Jessica HyunJeong Lee et al.•Social Psychological and…•2024

  • Political Dynamics of Partisan Polarization

    Eric R Schmidt, E G Carmines et al.•Political Dynamics of Partisan…•2025

  • Race, Responsiveness, and Representation in U.S. Lawmaking

    Open Access•G Agustin Markarian, Jacob S Hacker et al.•American Political Science Review•2025

  • Over Thirty Years Later

    David O Sears, P J Henry et al.•Advances in Experimental Social…•2005

  • American While Black

    Niambi Michele Carter•American While Black•2019

  • Cross-Country Trends in Affective Polarization

    Levi Boxell, Matthew Gentzkow et al.•The Review of Economics and…•2024

  • Ideological Sorting Helps Explain the Galvanization of Latino Republicans in Contemporary U.S. Politics

    Open Access•Rodolfo Solís, Efrén Pérez•Political Research Quarterly•2026

  • Solidarity Between People of Color Has Dynamic, Partisan Roots

    Open Access•Andrew M Engelhardt, Efrén Pérez et al.•Political Research Quarterly•2026

  • As bases do Lulismo

    Open Access•Lúcio R Rennó, Lucio Renno et al.•Revista Brasileira de Ciências…•2010

  • White Racial Identity, Racial Attitudes, and Latino Partisanship

    Open Access•Ivelisse Cuevas-Molina•The Journal of Race Ethnicity and…•2023

  • Catalysts of Insurrection

    Open Access•Tye Rush, Chelsea Jones et al.•The Journal of Race Ethnicity and…•2025

  • The Compound Effects of Candidate Race and Racial Resentment in US House Elections

    Open Access•I Hale•The Journal of Race Ethnicity and…•2019

  • Beyond the Trump Presidency

    Open Access•J Ferrer, Christopher Palmisano•The Journal of Race Ethnicity and…•2025

  • Historical Legacies and the Racial Foundations of Government Trust in the South

    Open Access•Morgan A Lowder•Race and Social Problems•2026

  • The politics hypothesis and racial disparities in infants’ health in the United States

    Open Access•Javier M Rodríguez•SSM - Population Health•2019

  • Religion, Race, and Othering Barack Obama

    Open Access•Daniel Tope, Brittany Danielle Rawlinson et al.•Social Currents•2016

  • Trump’s All Too Familiar Strategy and Its Future in the GOP

    Open Access•Zoltan L Hajnal, M Abrajano•The Forum•2016

  • After Obama

    Open Access•Donald R Kinder, Jennifer Chudy•The Forum•2016

  • Losing Common Ground

    Open Access•L Mason•The Forum•2018

  • Why Trump Became a ‘Confederate’ President

    Open Access•Angie Maxwell•The Forum•2020

  • Judicial Selection and Criminal Punishment

    Open Access•Travis N Taylor•Journal of Law and Courts•2021

  • Rockefeller Republicans Redux

    Open Access•Jason Barabas•Open Journal of Political Science•2024

  • White identity politics

    Justin Berry, DAVID B EBNER et al.•Politics Groups and Identities•2019

  • Untangling the gender gap in symbolic racist attitudes among white Americans

    Angie Maxwell•Politics Groups and Identities•2015

  • Population change, racial settlement patterns, and the newest southern electorate

    Christopher A Cooper, Scott H Huffmon et al.•Politics Groups and Identities•2024

  • The white working-class minority

    Justin Gest•Politics Groups and Identities•2015

  • To become a “real” American

    Jongwoo Jeong•Politics Groups and Identities•2025

  • Progressive familial socialization and white partisans’ racial attitudes

    Open Access•Jack Thompson•Politics Groups and Identities•2021

  • Nasty women and bad hombres

    Nicole Kalaf-Hughes, Debra Leiter•Politics Groups and Identities•2021

  • Switching sides but still fighting the Civil War in southern politics

    Christopher A Cooper, M V Hood et al.•Politics Groups and Identities•2020

  • National Insecurity

    Open Access•DAVID B EBNER•The Journal of Race Ethnicity and…•2025

  • The Origins and Consequences of Racialized Schemas about U.S. Parties

    Open Access•K Zhirkov, Nicholas A Valentino•The Journal of Race Ethnicity and…•2022

  • Red state, blue state

    Open Access•Todd E Vachon, Michael Wallace•Cambridge Journal of Regions…•2018

  • Culture and the Confederate flag

    Open Access•R D Talbert•Sociology Compass•2017

  • Red China” and the “Yellow Peril”

    Open Access•Peter Gries•Journal of East Asian Studies•2014

  • Beyond the Politics of Race? Explaining the Vote in Recent Louisiana Gubernatorial Elections

    Open Access•Jonathan Knuckey•Politics & Policy•2010

  • Racial Resentment and Vote Choice in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election

    Open Access•Jonathan Knuckey•Politics & Policy•2011

  • Law and American Political Development

    Open Access•Pamela Brandwein•Annual Review of Law and Social…•2011

  • No Balance, No Problem

    Open Access•C Algara, I Hale et al.•American Politics Research•2022

  • Pushing Constitutional Limits in the U.S. States

    Open Access•Susan M Miller, Eve M Ringsmuth et al.•State Politics & Policy Quarterly•2015

  • Transnational Capitalist Class

    Rubin Patterson•Globalizations•2013

  • Haven't they suffered enough? Time to exoneration following wrongful conviction of racially marginalized minority- vs. majority-group members

    Open Access•Eran Itskovich, Roni Factor et al.•Punishment & Society•2023

  • The Limits of Egalitarianism

    Open Access•Peter C Hanson•Political Research Quarterly•2025

  • A Tale of Two Tea Parties? Southern Distinctiveness and Tea Party Membership

    Open Access•Angie Maxwell•PS Political Science & Politics•2016

  • The Undeserving Rich

    Open Access•Monica Prasad, Andrew J Perrin et al.•Sociological Forum•2009

  • Metropolitan Secession and the Space of Color-Blind Racism in Atlanta

    Michan Andrew Connor•Journal of Urban Affairs•2014

  • The influence of socio-economic characteristics on the political attitudes of American Indians

    Open Access•Jeonghun Min, Daniel Savage•The Social Science Journal•2012

  • Not swinging together

    Scott Harris, Scott S Harris•The Social Science Journal•2020

  • Polls and Elections

    Open Access•Seth C Mckee, Danny Hayes•Presidential Studies Quarterly•2009

  • What's the Matter with Arkansas? Symbolic Racism and 2008 Presidential Candidate Support

    Open Access•Pearl K Ford, Angie Maxwell et al.•Presidential Studies Quarterly•2010

  • Polls and Elections Reversal of Fortune

    Open Access•D Sunshine Hillygus, Seth C Mckee et al.•Presidential Studies Quarterly•2017

  • Evaluations of Michelle Obama as First Lady

    Open Access•Jonathan Knuckey, Myung-Hee Kim•Presidential Studies Quarterly•2016

  • Partisan Conflict and Income Inequality in the United States

    Open Access•Mehmet Balcılar, Seyi Saint Akadiri et al.•Social Indicators Research•2018

  • Migration Patterns and Marriage Equality

    Open Access•Carol S Walther, Dennis F Corbin•Humanity & Society•2018

  • The shifting and diverging White working class in U.S. presidential elections, 1972–2004

    Open Access•D Brady, Benjamin Sosnaud et al.•Social Science Research•2009

  • The nationalization of electoral cycles in the United States

    Open Access•Luís Aguiar-Conraria, Luís Aguiar‐conraria et al.•Public Choice•2013

  • Black Votes Count

    Open Access•M V Hood, Seth C Mckee•Social Science Quarterly•2017

  • The Next Link in the Chain Reaction

    Open Access•Angie Maxwell, Pearl Ford Dowe et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2013

  • Heritage Versus Hate

    Open Access•Christopher A Cooper, Scott H Huffmon et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2021

  • Collateral Consequences in the A merican States

    Open Access•Alec C Ewald•Social Science Quarterly•2012

  • Measuring Institutional Design in U.S. States

    Open Access•Scott James Lacombe•Social Science Quarterly•2021

  • Racial Resentment Attitudes Among White Millennial Youth

    Open Access•Angie Maxwell, Stephanie Ricker Schulte•Social Science Quarterly•2018

  • Stranger Danger

    Open Access•M V Hood, Seth C Mckee•Social Science Quarterly•2010

  • Race, Racial Resentment, Attentiveness to the News Media, and Public Opinion Toward the Jena Six

    Open Access•Kirby Goidel, Wayne Parent et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2011

  • Why Georgia, Why? Peach State Residents’ Perceptions of Voting‐Related Improprieties and Their Impact on the 2018 Gubernatorial Election

    Open Access•M V Hood, Seth C Mckee•Social Science Quarterly•2019

  • The Myth of the “Two Souths?” Racial Resentment and White Party Identification in the Deep South and Rim South

    Open Access•Jonathan Knuckey•Social Science Quarterly•2017

  • A Tale of “Two Souths”

    Open Access•Seth C Mckee, Melanie J Springer•Social Science Quarterly•2015

  • Gerrymandering on Georgia's Mind

    Open Access•M V Hood, Seth C Mckee•Social Science Quarterly•2008

  • Introduction to the symposium

    Open Access•James T Laplant, John C Morris et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2022

  • Fair Housing Enforcement in the South and Non‐South

    Open Access•Charles S Bullock, Eric M Wilk et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2015

  • The Big Five and Southern Legislative Distinctiveness

    Open Access•Joel Turner, Joel F Turner et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2019

  • Barack Obama's “American” Problem

    Open Access•Brian Arbour, Brian K Arbour et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2011

  • The 1990s party realignment of U.S. presidential elections

    Open Access•Joseph A Aistrup, Binita Mahato et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2023

  • Southern Political Exceptionalism? Presidential Voting in the South and Non-South

    Open Access•Joseph A Aistrup•Social Science Quarterly•2010

  • The geography of Hispanic political behavior in Texas, 2012–2022

    Open Access•M V Hood, Seth C Mckee•Social Science Quarterly•2024

  • Does Ideology Matter

    Open Access•Peter Gries, Peter Hays Gries•Social Science Quarterly•2017

  • The significance of place

    J Scott Carter, K Carter et al.•Sociological Focus•2016

  • Somewhere between Jim Crow & Post-Racialism

    Open Access•Lawrence D Bobo•Daedalus•2011

  • Are guns the new dog whistle? Gun control, racial resentment, and vote choice

    Open Access•Nathaniel M Schutten, Justin T Pickett et al.•Criminology•2022

  • Race and policing in the 2016 presidential election

    Open Access•K Drakulich, Kevin H Wozniak et al.•Criminology•2020

  • White Nationalism, Politically Motivated Reasoning and Americans’ Attitudes About Criminally Charging Donald Trump

    Open Access•M M Sloan, M Haner et al.•The British Journal of Criminology•2024

  • What Causes Racial Health Care Disparities? A Mixed-Methods Study Reveals Variability in How Health Care Providers Perceive Causal Attributions

    Open Access•Sarah E Gollust, Brooke A Cunningham et al.•INQUIRY The Journal of Health…•2018

  • Americans Fill Out President Obama's Census Form

    Open Access•Jack Citrin, Morris Levy et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2014

  • Issue evolution in B ritain

    Open Access•Daniel Stevens•European Journal of Political…•2012

  • Black lives matter

    Open Access•Javier M Rodríguez, A T Geronimus et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2015

  • White Fortressing

    Open Access•Luisa Godinez Puig•Urban Affairs Review•2024

  • The Conditional Effects of Minority Descriptive Representation

    Robert R Preuhs•The Journal of Politics•2006

  • The tax revolt

    Alvin Rabushka•The tax revolt•1982

  • Blacks in southern politics

    Laurence W Moreland, Robert P Steed et al.•Blacks in southern politics•1987

  • Racial Attitudes in the 1990s

    Jack Martin, Steven A Tuch•Racial Attitudes in the 1990s•1997

  • Why Americans Hate Welfare

    Martin Gilens•Why Americans hate welfare•1999

  • The Mass Media and the Dynamics of American Racial Attitudes

    Open Access•Paul M Kellstedt•Mass Media and the Dynamics of…•2003

  • The Vital South

    Earl Black, Merle Black•Vital South•1992

  • Racial attitudes in America

    Howard Schuman•Racial attitudes in America•1988

  • Issue Evolution

    E G Carmines, James A Stimson•Issue Evolution•2020

  • Over Thirty Years Later

    David O Sears, P J Henry et al.•Advances in Experimental Social…•2005

  • The Rise of Southern Republicans

    Earl Black, Merle Black•Rise of Southern Republicans•2009

  • The Scar of Race

    Paul M Sniderman, Thomas Piazza et al.•Scar of Race•1993

  • The Race Card

    Open Access•Tali Mendelberg•Race Card•2001

  • The Vital South

    Open Access•Frank J Sorauf, Frank Sorauf•Political Science Quarterly•1992

  • The Disappearing South? Studies in Regional Change and Continuity

    Darden Asbury Pyron, Robert P Steed et al.•The Journal of Southern History•1991

  • Symbolic Racism

    Open Access•Paul M Sniderman, Philip E Tetlock•Journal of Social Issues•1986

  • Ideological Realignment in the U.S. Electorate

    Alan I Abramowitz, Kyle L Saunders•The Journal of Politics•1998

  • Issue Evolution Reconsidered

    Alan I Abramowitz•American Journal of Political…•1994

  • The Conceptualization and Measurement of Symbolic Racism

    Christopher Tarman, David O Sears•The Journal of Politics•2005

  • Realignment

    John R Petrocik•The Journal of Politics•1987

  • Southern Partisan Changes

    Harold W Stanley•The Journal of Politics•1988

  • "Racial Attitudes and the "New South

    James H Kuklinski, Michael D Cobb et al.•The Journal of Politics•1997

  • Interregional Migration and Political Resocialization

    James M Glaser, Martin Gilens•Public Opinion Quarterly•1997

  • Crime News and the Priming of Racial Attitudes During Evaluations of the President

    Nicholas A Valentino•Public Opinion Quarterly•1999

  • The Young and the Realigning

    David E Campbell•Public Opinion Quarterly•2002

  • Is It Really Racism

    David O Sears, Nurit Shnabel et al.•Public Opinion Quarterly•1997

  • Partisan change in the Mountain West

    Open Access•Theresa Marchant-Shapiro, K David Patterson•Political Behavior•1995

  • The Centrality of Race in American Politics

    Vincent L Hutchings, Nicholas A Valentino•Annual Review of Political Science•2004

  • Party Polarization and "Conflict Extension" in the American Electorate

    Geoffrey C Layman, Thomas M Carsey•American Journal of Political…•2002

  • Public Perceptions of Race and Crime

    Jon Hurwitz, Mark Peffley•American Journal of Political…•1997

  • Prime Suspects

    Franklin D Gilliam, Sharad Iyengar et al.•American Journal of Political…•2000

  • The origins of symbolic racism

    David O Sears, P J Henry et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2003

  • Reaching Beyond Race

    Open Access•Paul M Sniderman, E G Carmines•PS Political Science & Politics•1997

  • Contextual Models of Electoral Behavior

    Open Access•Gerald C Wright, Gerald Wright•American Political Science Review•1977

  • Partisan Dealignment in the Postwar South

    Open Access•Paul A Beck•American Political Science Review•1977

  • Cues that Matter

    Open Access•Nicholas A Valentino, Vincent L Hutchings et al.•American Political Science Review•2002

  • Interregional Migration and Racial Attitudes

    Thomas C Wilson•Social Forces•1986

  • Young White Adults

    Charlotte Steeh, Howard Schuman•American Journal of Sociology•1992

Unique citing works197
Citations per year9,38
Citation span2005 - 2026 (22)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 197

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae