Democratization During the Third Wave
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6232841 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Stephan Haggard (0000-0003-1571-2580, Graduate School of Global Policy and Strategy, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, corresponding author), Robert R Kaufman (0000-0001-8542-0415, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey) |
| Year | 2016 |
| Volume | 19 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 125-144 |
| Publication date | 2016-05-11 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Annual Review of Political Science (BOOK_SERIES) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1094-2939 • E-ISSN: 1545-1577 |
| Publisher | Annual Reviews (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1146/annurev-polisci-042114-015137 |
| OpenAlex | W2213511588 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 47 |
| References cited | 153 |
The initial optimism that greeted the onset of the “Third Wave” of democratization has cooled with the instability of many new democracies and the proliferation of stable competitive authoritarian regimes. These disappointments have produced a return to structural theories emphasizing the constraints posed by underdevelopment, resource endowments, inequality, and ethno-religious cleavages. We argue, however, for a sharper focus on the political mechanisms that link such factors to the emergence of democracy, including the extent of institutionalization in new democracies and the still understudied role of civil society and the capacity for collective action. The international dimensions of democratization also require closer analysis. We also underline a methodological point: The quest for an overarching theory of democracy and democratization may be misguided. Generalizations supported by cross-national statistical work yield numerous anomalies and indicate the need for approaches that emphasize combinations of causal factors, alternative pathways, and equifinality
Authoritarianism · Civil society · Collective action · Democracy · Democratization · Development economics · Economic growth · Economic system · Economics · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Positive economics · Sociology · Underdevelopment · Electoral Systems and Political Participation · Law · Political Conflict and Governance · Religion and Society Interactions
The Origins of Secular Institutions
The Street and the Ballot Box
Decolonizing Public Administration in Latin America
Dealing with Migration at an Institutional Level
From Dissent to Democracy
Reflections on Haitian Democracy
Challenging the State
Pathways to hybridity
From killing many to targeting few
What are emerging markets? Unpacking emergence
Activists Against Autocrats
Democracy with adjectives? Economic development and democracy in the Middle East
Facts and Norms in Democratization
Local politics for democratic quality and depth
Why Is the Political Regime of North Korea Tough? Comparison with the Market Economization of China, Vietnam, and Cuba
The “Arab Exceptionalism” Re-examined from the Legal Perspective of Human Rights
Urbanization, education, and religion
Are the Poor the Weak Link? Democratic Support and Income Levels in Post-Crisis South Korea
Fear and Loathing or Strategic Priming? Unveiling the Audience in Duterte's Crime Rhetoric
We don’t know who to trust’
Party system polarization in developing democracies
Rethinking Europe’s external relations in an age of global turmoil
Russia's energy diplomacy with China
Democratization as an impetus for peace talks in civil wars
Measuring Political Institutions in the Long Run
Can institutional quality reduce geopolitical risk? Evidence from G20 countries
Random walks into democracy and back
The quality of state governance as a source of international differences in total factor productivity
From Aid to Empowerment
The Psychology of Repression and Polarization
Unpopular Protest
The Deconsolidation of Democracy
Political Knowledge in the Context of Changing Institutions
Creating Democratic Citizens
Comparing America
Does taxation lose its role in contemporary democratisation? State revenue production revisited in the third wave of democratisation
Weak party system institutionalization and autocratization
Sources of Authoritarian Resilience
Conceptualizing and Measuring Autocratization Episodes
Is Political Science (Still) Ignoring Religion? An Analysis of Journal Publications, 2011–2020
Democratization in the Global South
Domestic elites and external actors in post-conflict democratisation
Conquering and coercing
Inequality and Political Representation in the Philippines and Singapore
Punishment and Politicization in the International Human Rights Regime
The Institutionalisation of Power Revisited
Inequality and the eroding base of liberal democracy
Political Order in Changing Societies
Forging democracy from below
Capitalist development and democracy
Conflict and peacemaking in multiethnic societies
The Oil Curse
Judicial Review in New Democracies
Presidents and Assemblies
Crude Democracy
Paths toward Democracy
Democracies and Dictatorships in Latin America
Multiethnic Coalitions in Africa
Voting for Autocracy
Curbing Clientelism in Argentina
The Self-Restraining State
The Politics of Authoritarian Rule
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
The Failure of Presidential Democracy
Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times
Conclusion
Fractionalization
Political man
Democracy and the Market
The Global Diffusion of Markets and Democracy
Democracy and Development
Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy
Electoral Authoritarianism
Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest
Capitalist Development and Democracy
Democratic Jihad ? Military Intervention And Democracy
The Fate of Young Democracies
Democracy
Why civil resistance works
Democracy, Dictatorship, and Term Limits
Rebellious Civil Society
Driving Democracy
Determinants of Democratization
The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions
Inequality, Grievances, and Civil War
Political Institutions under Dictatorship
Brokers, Voters, and Clientelism
Electing to Fight
Inequality and Democratization
Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation
Competitive Authoritarianism
Democracy in Africa
Democracy in Divided Societies
Democracy and Redistribution
Liberal Pessimism
Promoting Democracy after Conflict
How Autocracies Fall
Democratization and the Danger of War
Containing Fear
Democratization and the Danger of War
The Legacies of Liberalism
The Future of Freedom-Illiberal democracy at home and abroad
Democracy and dictatorship revisited
Sparks and prairie fires
Classifying Political Regimes in Latin
Classifying political regimes
Economic Inequality, Relative Power, and Religiosity
Radicals, Reformers, and Reactionaries
Diversity, Conflict and Democracy
Variation in Institutional Strength
The Elite Variable in Democratic Transitions and Breakdowns
Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy
Dictators and Democrats
Ethnic groups in conflict
The Dynamics of Informational Cascades
Inequality and Democracy
How International Organizations Support Democratization
Contentious Politics in New Democracies
Poverty, the Coup Trap, and the Seizure of Executive Power
Rethinking Recent Democratization
Endogenous Democratization
The Contradiction of Modernization
Two Modes of Democratic Breakdown
The Effect of Elections on Postconflict Peace and Reconstruction
Explaining Democratic Survival Globally (1946–2002)
Correlation Versus Interchangeability
The End of the Transition Paradigm
Elections Without Democracy
What Makes Democracies Endure
Pathways from Authoritarianism
Elections Without Democracy
The Case for Presidential Term Limits
The Decline of the African Military Coup
Redemocratization in Chile
Poverty, Inequality, and Democracy
African Elections as Vehicles for Change
The Quality of Democracy
Exchange
How Democracies Emerge
Constitutional Design for Divided Societies
The Institutionalization of Political Power in Africa
Stronger Legislatures, Stronger Democracies
Time to Kill
The Rule of Law in Post-Conflict Settings
From Shocks to Waves
Diffusion and the International Context of Democratization
Democratization and International Organizations
| Unique citing works | 47 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,7 |
| Citation span | 2016 - 2026 (11) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 47 |