Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

From Liberation to Turmoil

Social Media And Democracy

Bibliographic Data

ID6288656
AuthorsJoshua A Tucker (0000-0003-1321-8650), Yannis Theocharis (0000-0001-7209-9669), Miguel E Roberts (0000-0001-6900-4366), Margaret E Roberts, Pablo Barberá Aresté (0000-0002-9063-4829), Pablo Barberá
Year2017
Volume28
Issue4
Pages46-59
Publication date2017-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of democracy (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1045-5736 • E-ISSN: 1086-3214
PublisherProject MUSE (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1353/jod.2017.0064
OpenAlexW2763409530
LanguageEN
Citations received166
References cited15

How can one technology—social media—simultaneously give rise to hopes for liberation in authoritarian regimes, be used for repression by these same regimes, and be harnessed by antisystem actors in democracy? We present a simple framework for reconciling these contradictory developments based on two propositions: 1) that social media give voice to those previously excluded from political discussion by traditional media, and 2) that although social media democratize access to information, the platforms themselves are neither inherently democratic nor nondemocratic, but represent a tool political actors can use for a variety of goals, including, paradoxically, illiberal goals

Authoritarianism · Democracy · Economic system · Economics · Media studies · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Social media · Sociology · Variety (cybernetics · Computer Science · Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection · Law · Populism, Right-Wing Movements · Social Media and Politics

  • The Language of Democratic Resilience and Decline

    Open Access•Xénia Farkas, Stefan Lindgren•Political Communication•2026

  • Examining the differences between human and bot social media accounts

    Open Access•Fei Shen, Erkun Zhang et al.•First Monday•2023

  • Outside the Bubble

    C Vaccari, Augusto Valeriani•Outside the Bubble•2021

  • Democratic Backsliding in Africa?

    Open Access•Leonardo R Arriola, Lise Rakner et al.•Democratic Backsliding in Africa?•2022

  • Human Development and the Catholic Social Tradition

    Séverine Deneulin•Human Development and the…•2021

  • Protests and Radicalization in the Digital Age

    Open Access•Jeremy Menchik, Samuel Bazzi et al.•Protests and Radicalization in…•2026

  • Retooling Politics

    Open Access•Andreas Jungherr, Gonzalo Rivero et al.•Retooling Politics•2020

  • Social Media and Democracy

    Open Access•Arye L Hillman, Ronen Gradwohl et al.•Social Media and Democracy•2020

  • Social Media, Political Polarization, and Political Disinformation

    Open Access•Joshua Tucker, Andrew Guess et al.•SSRN Electronic Journal•2018

  • The Paradox of Participation Versus Misinformation

    Sebastián Valenzuela, Daniel Halpern et al.•Digital Journalism•2019

  • Misinformation, Disinformation, and Online Propaganda

    Open Access•Allison M Gue, Benjamin Lyons•Social Media and Democracy•2020

  • Social Media, Echo Chambers, and Political Polarization

    Open Access•Pablo Barberá Aresté, Pablo Barberá•Social Media and Democracy•2020

  • Do people learn about politics on social media? A meta-analysis of 76 studies

    Open Access•Eran Amsalem, Alon Zoizner•Journal of Communication•2023

  • WhatsApp Statuses on Politico Religious Perspective

    Open Access•Noshina Saleem, Shabana Asghar et al.•PAKISTAN LANGUAGES AND HUMANITIES…•2022

  • The Role of Algorithms in the Crisis of Democracy

    Open Access•Gloria Marchetti•Athens Journal of Mediterranean…•2020

  • Changing Dynamics of Political Party Communication

    Nurul Huda Sakib, Md Foysal Jaman Shishir et al.•Bandung•2024

  • Materiales y evaluación del nivel de alfabetización para el reconocimiento de bots sociales en contextos de desinformación política

    Open Access•Dafne Calvo, Lorena Cano-Orón et al.•Revista ICONO14•2020

  • Doxing as a Form of Online Activism

    Open Access•Viktoriia DEMYDOVA•Journal of Turkish Studies•2021

  • Education and the challenges for democracy

    Open Access•Fernando Reimers•Education Policy Analysis Archives•2023

  • Unveiling the digital persona image

    Open Access•Rashed Alhaimer•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2023

  • Direct democracy in the digital age

    Open Access•Pattharapong Rattanasevee, Yared Akarapattananukul et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2024

  • Internet-based micro-identities as a driver of societal disintegration

    Open Access•Malgorzata Kossowska, Piotr Kłodkowski et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2023

  • Monitoring event-driven dynamics on Twitter

    Open Access•Natalie M Rice, Benjamin D Horne et al.•SN Social Sciences•2022

  • From hashtags to resistance

    Open Access•Md Alamgir Hossain, Tahira Akter Mitu et al.•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2026

  • Susceptibilities of Democratic Electoral Systems

    Open Access•Tomasz Raducha, Jarosław Klamut et al.•IEEE Transactions on Computational…•2025

  • Adolescents and the dark side of social media—Law enforcement perspectives

    Open Access•Juho Äijälä, Reetta Riikonen et al.•Frontiers in Communication•2023

  • Can Filter Bubbles Protect Information Freedom? Discussions of Algorithmic News Recommenders in Eastern Europe

    Open Access•Mykola Makhortykh, Mariëlle Wijermars•Digital Journalism•2023

  • Self-representations on social media

    Open Access•Coppélie Cocq, Karin Ljuslinder•Alter•2020

  • The new natural? Authenticity and the naturalization of educational technologies

    Gideon Dishon•Learning Media and Technology•2021

  • Changing the Narrative

    Open Access•Monika Struck-Peregończyk, Iwona Leonowicz-Bukała•Przeglad Socjologii Jakosciowej•2023

  • A Trade-off worth making

    Open Access•Scott Robbins•Ethics and Information Technology•2026

  • My Private–Public Sphere

    Open Access•Isabel Pavez, Magdalena Saldaña et al.•Journalism & Mass Communication…•2026

  • Can we work it out? Affordances and constraints for cultivating perspective‐taking in digital contexts

    Open Access•Saul G Cohen, Gideon Dishon•Journal of Computer Assisted…•2025

  • Abogados y política

    Open Access•Héctor Daniel Quiñonez Oré•Justicia•2023

  • Exploring the dark and bright sides of Internet democracy

    Open Access•Manuel Hensmans•Technological Forecasting and…•2021

  • Does Social Media Use Matter? A Case Study of the 2018 Irish Abortion Referendum

    Open Access•Theresa Reidy, Jane Suiter•Media and Communication•2023

  • Disinformation in Facebook Ads in the 2019 Spanish General Election Campaigns

    Open Access•Lorena Cano-Orón, Dafne Calvo et al.•Media and Communication•2021

  • From Mainstream to Social Media

    Open Access•Shoshana Madmoni-Gerber•Journal of Holy Land and…•2022

  • Mapping Recent Development in Scholarship on Fake News and Misinformation, 2008 to 2017

    Open Access•Louisa Ha, Loarre Andreu Pérez et al.•American Behavioral Scientist•2021

  • Decentralizing electoral campaigns? New-old parties, grassroots and digital activism

    Josep Lobera, Martín Portos•Information Communication & Society•2021

  • Splintering and centralizing platform governance

    Soyun Ahn, Jeeyun Baik et al.•Information Communication & Society•2023

  • The bi-directional relationship between perceived populist ad exposure and trust in democracy during an election campaign

    Brahim Zarouali, Michael Hameleers•Information Communication & Society•2026

  • Connective action in Myanmar

    Josephine Lukito, Taeyoung Lee et al.•Information Communication & Society•2024

  • Conspiracy beliefs old and new, U.S. media old and new

    Philip Habel•Journal of Information Technology…•2025

  • Democracy and Electoral Politics in Zambia

    Tinenenji Banda, O’brien Kaaba et al.•Democracy and Electoral Politics…•2020

  • Fact-checking on Twitter

    Open Access•R M Lobato, Andrea Velandia-Morales et al.•Revista Interamericana de…•2021

  • Regulatory Control and Self-Censorship in Social Media

    Open Access•Habib Zafarullah, Sabrina Nughat•Journal of Asian and African…•2026

  • Tagging the Emirate

    Open Access•Hannah Oates•Global Policy•2026

  • Broadcast information diffusion processes on social media networks

    Open Access•Xuanjun Gong, Richard Huskey et al.•Journal of Communication•2023

  • Individuals, Collectives, and Individuals in Collectives

    Open Access•Ulrike Hahn•Perspectives on Psychological…•2023

  • Broadcast Information Diffusion Processes on Social Media Networks

    Xuanjun Gong, Richard Huskey et al.•2022

  • Computational International Relations What Can Programming, Coding and Internet Research Do for the Discipline

    Hamid Akin Unver, H Akın Ünver•All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign…•2018

  • Political Effects of the Internet and Social Media

    Open Access•Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, Maria Petrova et al.•SSRN Electronic Journal•2019

  • Political Effects of the Internet and Social Media

    Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, Maria Petrova et al.•Annual Review of Economics•2020

  • The anti-democratic prism

    Aleksandra Sojka, Marta Paradés et al.•Journal of Information Technology…•2026

  • Framing the Russia-Ukraine crisis

    Yiquan Wang, Qiaohui Lin•Media Asia•2026

  • Seven years of studying the associations between political polarization and problematic information

    Open Access•Giada Marino, Laura Iannelli•Frontiers in Sociology•2023

  • Isis at Its Apogee

    Open Access•Andrea Ceron, Luigi Curini et al.•SAGE Open•2019

  • Investigating public biodiversity conservation awareness based on the propagation of wildlife-related incidents on the Sina Weibo social media platform

    Open Access•Yinglin Wu, Ling Xie et al.•Environmental Research Letters•2020

  • Newmusic #Soundart

    Annelies Fryberger, José L Besada et al.•Contemporary Music Review•2022

  • How Dictators Control the Internet

    Open Access•Eda Keremoğlu, Nils B Weidmann•Comparative Political Studies•2020

  • From Microfascism to Joyful Affects

    Open Access•J J Sylvia•Journal of Posthumanism•2024

  • Communication Rights for Social Bots

    Open Access•Stefano Pedrazzi, Franziska Oehmer•Journal of Information Policy•2020

  • Competent Third Parties and Content Moderation on Platforms

    Open Access•Amélie Heldt, Stephan Dreyer•Journal of Information Policy•2021

  • Let's Meet Halfway

    Open Access•Amélie Heldt•Journal of Information Policy•2019

  • The current influence of social media on democratic debate, political parties and electioneering

    Open Access•Mateus De Oliveira Fornasier, Gustavo Silveira Borges•Revista de Investigações…•2022

  • Clear and Omnipresent Danger

    Open Access•Alyssa Davis, Heather Hensman Kettrey•Social Currents•2021

  • Online Discourses in Post-Soviet Media

    Rano Turaeva•Central Asian Affairs•2022

  • Same Same but Different? Gender Politics and (Trans-)National Value Contestation in Europe on Twitter

    Open Access•Stefan Wallaschek, Kavyanjali Kaushik et al.•Politics and Governance•2022

  • Relationship between the Use of Social Networks and Mistrust of Mass Media among Mexican Youth

    Open Access•Daniel Javier De La Garza Montemayor, Xunaxhi Monserrat Pineda Rasgado•Social Sciences•2023

  • Sourcing and Automation of Political News and Information During Three European Elections

    Open Access•Lisa‐maria Neudert, Philip N Howard et al.•Social Media + Society•2019

  • More than Two-Party Divides? Social Media, Ideological Extremity, and Affective Polarization in the Multi-party System

    Open Access•Heysung Lee, Hernando Rojas•Social Media + Society•2025

  • Facebook algorithm changes may have amplified local republican parties

    Open Access•Kevin Reuning, Anne Whitesell et al.•Research & Politics•2022

  • Camouflaged propaganda

    Open Access•Yaoyao Dai, Luwei Rose Luqiu•Research & Politics•2020

  • Teargas and Selfie Cams

    Open Access•Naima Green-Riley, Dominika Kruszewska-Eduardo et al.•Journal of Experimental Political…•2021

  • Perceived Popularity and Online Political Dissent

    Open Access•Jordi Suñé Morales•The International Journal of…•2019

  • Distract and Divert

    Open Access•Pablo Barberá Aresté, Anita Gohdes et al.•The International Journal of…•2022

  • Is pro-Kremlin Disinformation Effective? Evidence from Ukraine

    Open Access•Aaron Erlich, Calvin Garner•The International Journal of…•2021

  • Rediscovering China Through #ChinaTravel

    Yulei Guo, Honggen Xiao•Journal of China Tourism Research•2026

  • The cost of repressing opposition parties in electoral authoritarian regimes

    Jeremy Martin Ladd•Journal of Information Technology…•2025

  • Media, information, and political participation

    Süveyda Karakaya, Rebecca A Glazier•Journal of Information Technology…•2019

  • Arab resistance in the diaspora

    Sahar Khami, Randall Fowler•Journal of Arab & Muslim Media…•2020

  • Talking back to the wall

    Open Access•Ayleen Cabas-Mijares, Sara Shaban et al.•Global Media and Communication•2024

  • Platform Accountability in the European Union

    Sebastian Heidebrecht•Politique européenne•2024

  • When charismatic leadership Trumps social networking

    Open Access•N Alexander Aguado•Politics & Policy•2022

  • Facebook as a Political Marketing Tool in an Illiberal Context. Mapping Political Advertising Activity on Facebook during the 2019 Hungarian European Parliament and Local Election Campaigns

    Matlhogonolo Bene, Márton Petrekanics et al.•Journal of Political Marketing•2023

  • The owners of information

    Open Access•Sanna Malinen•New Media & Society•2021

  • Signaling silence

    Open Access•Aysenur Dal, Erik C Nisbet et al.•New Media & Society•2022

  • Does the platform matter? Social media and Covid-19 conspiracy theory beliefs in 17 countries

    Open Access•Yannis Theocharis, Ana Sofía Cardenal Izquierdo et al.•New Media & Society•2021

  • Public health crisis as a stress test

    Jody Chin Sing Wong, Janet Z Yang et al.•Journal of Risk Research•2026

  • Between democracy and authoritarian leadership

    Taberez Ahmed Neyazi, Kazuya Nakamizo•Democratization•2026

  • Accountability in Developing Democracies

    Open Access•Horacio Larreguy, Pia J Raffler•Annual Review of Political Science•2025

  • ANO Dialog

    Open Access•Serge Poliakoff, Florian Toepfl et al.•Post-Soviet Affairs•2025

  • Dalton and Putnam

    Open Access•Mark K Mcbeth, Jules Belyea et al.•PS Political Science & Politics•2021

  • Liberation Technology’ or ‘Net Delusion’? Civic Activists’ Perceptions of Social Media as a Platform for Civic Activism in Belarus and Ukraine

    Paulina Pospieszna, Aleksandra Galus•Europe Asia Studies•2019

  • Refugees and Votes

    Open Access•Mehmet Karaçuka•Journal of Refugee Studies•2019

  • AI, social media and echo chambers

    Open Access•Michaelangelo Anastasiou, Christos Hadjioannou•Critical Sociology•2026

  • Social Media Influence and Electoral Competition

    Open Access•Yotam Shmargad, Lisa Sanchez•Social Science Computer Review•2020

  • Not All Bots are Created Equal

    Open Access•Rui Wang, Dror Walter et al.•Social Science Computer Review•2023

  • Algorithm-driven populism

    Open Access•Leandro Ayres França, Carlos Adalberto Ferreira de Abreu•Archiwum Kryminologii•2023

  • The Effects of Digital Media on Political Knowledge and Participation in Election Campaigns

    Open Access•Daniela V Dimitrova, Adam Shehata et al.•Communication Research•2014

  • Iran

    Evgeny Morozov•Dissent•2009

  • Defending the Authoritarian Regime Online

    Open Access•Rongbin Han•The China Quarterly•2015

  • Reverse-engineering censorship in China

    Open Access•Gary King, Jennifer Pan et al.•Science•2014

  • Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook

    Open Access•Eytan Bakshy, Messing et al.•Science•2015

  • A 61-million-person experiment in social influence and political mobilization

    Open Access•Robert M Bond, Christopher J Fari et al.•Nature•2012

  • A Bad Workman Blames His Tweets

    Open Access•Yannis Theocharis, Pablo Barberá Aresté et al.•Journal of Communication•2016

  • Censorship and deletion practices in Chinese social media

    Open Access•David Bamman, Brendan O’Connor et al.•First Monday•2012

  • Can Democracy Survive the Internet

    Open Access•Nathaniel Persily•Journal of democracy•2017

  • Democracy's Past and Future

    Open Access•Andreas Schedler•Journal of democracy•2010

  • Liberation Technology

    Open Access•Rebecca Mackinnon•Journal of democracy•2011

  • Turning the Virtual Tables

    Sergey Sanovich, Denis Stukal et al.•Comparative Politics•2018

  • How the Chinese Government Fabricates Social Media Posts for Strategic Distraction, Not Engaged Argument

    Open Access•Gary King, Jennifer Pan et al.•American Political Science Review•2017

  • Of Echo Chambers and Contrarian Clubs

    Open Access•C Vaccari, Augusto Valeriani et al.•Social Media + Society•2016

Unique citing works166
Citations per year20,75
Citation span2018 - 2026 (9)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 164

Tools

Open DOISci-HubOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae