Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Green Tape

A Theory of Effective Organizational Rules

Bibliographic Data

ID6295693
AuthorsL Dehart-Davis, Leisha Dehart‐davi (0000-0001-9406-3851, University of Kansas, corresponding author)
Year2008
Volume19
Issue2
Pages361-384
Publication date2008-02-25
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Public Administration Research and Theory (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1053-1858 • E-ISSN: 1477-9803
PublisherOxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1093/jopart/mun004
OpenAlexW2028583527
LanguageEN
Citations received66
References cited64

Public management scholars over the past decade have shed significant light on ineffective rules or “red tape.” This article takes a different approach by conceptualizing a theory of green tape or effective rules. The theory argues that the probability of rule effectiveness depends on the combined presence of (1) written requirements, (2) with valid means-ends relationships, which (3) employ optimal control, (4) are consistently applied, and that have (5) purposes understood by stakeholders. A study of city employees provides the data for theory development and testing. The resulting theory emphasizes technical proficiency and stakeholder cooperation in effective rule design and implementation

Business · Control (management · Economics · Industrial organization · Management · Management science · Organizational theory · Stakeholder · Stakeholder Theory · Theory of the firm · Accounting and Organizational Management · Computer Science · Evaluation and Performance Assessment · Public Policy and Administration Research · Artificial Intelligence

  • More gender bias in academia? Examining the influence of gender and formalization on student worker rule following

    Open Access•Jaclyn Piatak, Zachary Mohr•Journal of Behavioral Public…•2019

  • Institutional Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation in U.S. National Parks and Forests

    Open Access•Lesley C Jantarasami, L Jantarasami et al.•Conservation Ecology•2010

  • Policy Accumulation and the Democratic Responsiveness Trap

    Open Access•Christian Adam, Steffen Hurka et al.•Policy Accumulation and the…•2019

  • Who is this for? How felt accountability shapes the enactment of accountability in public service delivery

    Open Access•Margit Ernst•Journal of Public Administration…•2026

  • Small business response to regulation

    Open Access•Stuart Shapiro, Debra Borie-Holtz•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2020

  • Avoiding bureaucratese

    Zijia Li, Luning Liu•Public Management Review•2025

  • Can effective organizational rules keep employees from leaving? a study of green tape and turnover intention

    Open Access•Wesley Kaufmann, Erin L Borry et al.•Public Management Review•2023

  • Public service motivation and policy implementation attitudes

    Chao An, Jinhai Yu et al.•Public Management Review•2026

  • An Empirical Investigation of Organisational Factors and Organisational Effectiveness

    Md Zahidul Islam, Thuraya Farhana Said et al.•International Journal of Public…•2024

  • Does Bureaucracy Diminish Inclusion? Evidence from a County Government

    Open Access•Leisha Dehart‐davi, Kimalee Dickerson et al.•Public Personnel Management•2023

  • Inclusion in Public-Sector Workplaces

    Open Access•Maja Husar Holmes, Nicole M Elias et al.•Public Personnel Management•2023

  • Vitality and Coping With Rules

    Open Access•Josine van den Elsen•Public Personnel Management•2024

  • Recruitment and Selection in the Public Sector

    Open Access•Ann‐Kristina Løkke, Anders Ryom Villadsen et al.•Public Personnel Management•2023

  • Bored or burning out? Reciprocal effects between job stressors, boredom and burnout

    Open Access•Lotta K Harju, Anahí Van Hootegem et al.•Journal of Vocational Behavior•2022

  • A Replication of “Emotional Responses to Bureaucratic Red Tape”

    Open Access•Huaxing Liu, Cheng Huo et al.•Public Administration•2026

  • The growth of policies, rules, and regulations

    Open Access•Markus Hinterleitner, Christoph Knill et al.•Regulation & Governance•2024

  • Does whistleblowing always compromise bureaucratic reputation? Exploring the role of accountability institutions through bureaucratic reputation theory

    Minsung Michael Kang, Danbee Lee et al.•Public Management Review•2025

  • Tensiones y Proyecciones en la Modernización de la Gestión Pública

    Open Access•Carlos Díaz, Carlos Alfonso Díaz Martínez•Psicoperspectivas Individuo y…•2010

  • Herbert Kaufman

    Open Access•Leisha Dehart-Davis, Leisha Dehart‐davi et al.•Perspectives on Public Management…•2022

  • Humanizing Bureaucracy

    Open Access•Erin L Borry, Tina Kempin Reuter•Perspectives on Public Management…•2022

  • Conceptual Bases of Employee Accountability

    Open Access•Yousueng Han, James L Perry•Perspectives on Public Management…•2019

  • Analyzing the Characteristics of Policies and Political Institutions for the Prevention and Control Governance of the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Mingniu Dong, Cheng Zhou et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • The ontology, origin, and impact of divisive public sector rules

    Open Access•Jesse W Campbell, Sanjay K Pandey et al.•Public Administration Review•2023

  • Green Tape, Servant Leadership, and Public Employees’ Well-Being

    Open Access•Tingxi Wang, Peiyi Chen•Psychological Reports•2025

  • The ideational robustness of bureaucracy

    Open Access•Eva Sørensen, Jacob Torfing•Policy and Society•2024

  • Bureaucratic sludge

    Open Access•Rasmus D Stenderup•International Journal of Social…•2024

  • Towards ‘better deregulation’

    Open Access•Yves Steinebach, Xavier Fernández-I-Marín et al.•Journal of European Public Policy•2025

  • Friend or Patron? Social Relations Across the National NGO–Donor Divide in Ghana

    Open Access•Emmanuel Kumi, James Copestake•European Journal of Development…•2021

  • Coping with Compassion

    Open Access•Cheryl L M Precious, Cheryl Precious et al.•Voluntas Revista Internacional de…•2017

  • Administrative Designs and Access to Political Arenas in Public Education

    Open Access•Maya Chanel Nuñez, Cameron Arnzen et al.•Governance•2025

  • Hybrid images of generative AI

    Open Access•Liang Zhu, Tianyi Gao•Government Information Quarterly•2026

  • The costs and benefits of ‘red tape’

    Open Access•W D Roth, Gerhard Sonnert•Social Studies of Science•2011

  • Managerial Communication and Frontline Workers’ Willingness to Abide by Rules

    Open Access•Youlang Zhang, Fan Yang et al.•The American Review of Public…•2021

  • Being Consistent Matters

    Open Access•Wesley Kaufmann, Alex Ingrams et al.•The American Review of Public…•2020

  • Explaining the Difference of Work Attitudes Between Public and Nonprofit Managers

    Open Access•Chung‐an Chen•The American Review of Public…•2011

  • Constrained by Red Tape

    Open Access•Petra Van Den Bekerom, René Torenvlied et al.•The American Review of Public…•2016

  • Reflecting on the Role of Literature in Qualitative Public Administration Research

    Open Access•Lidewij Tummers, Lars Tummers et al.•Administration & Society•2012

  • Can Bureaucracy Benefit Organizational Women

    Open Access•Leisha Dehart-Davis, Leisha Dehart‐davi•Administration & Society•2009

  • Beyond Weber and Kafka

    Open Access•Yi Yang•Administration & Society•2022

  • Regulatory offsetting in advanced democracies

    Open Access•Yves Steinebach, Markus Hinterleitner et al.•Public Administration Review•2024

  • Red Tape

    Open Access•Nina Van Loon, NINA M VAN LOON et al.•Public Administration Review•2016

  • Ethical Climate and Rule Bending

    Open Access•Erin L Borry•Public Administration•2017

  • Acceptable or Not? Understanding Attitudes Toward Citizens' Discrimination Against Frontline Workers

    Open Access•Aske Halling, Mathilde Cecchini et al.•Public Administration•2025

  • Formalization and consistency heighten organizational rule following

    Open Access•Erin L Borry, Leisha Dehart‐davi et al.•Public Administration•2018

  • Measuring Public Leadership

    Open Access•Lidewij Tummers, Lars Tummers et al.•Public Administration•2015

  • From Red Tape to Which Performance Results? Exploring the Relationship Between Red Tape and Various Dimensions of Performance in Healthcare Work Units

    Open Access•Nina Van Loon, NINA M VAN LOON•Public Administration•2016

  • Strategies for dealing with policy ambiguities

    Open Access•Loretta Fowler•Public Administration•2022

  • Toward a micro‐level perspective of organizational publicness

    Open Access•Naon Min, Kaifeng Yang•Public Administration•2022

  • How to implement policy

    Open Access•Loretta Fowler•Public Administration•2020

  • Citizen perceptions of procedural fairness and the moderating roles of ‘belief in a just world’ and ‘public service motivation’ in public hiring

    Open Access•Mogens Jin Pedersen, Justin M Stritch et al.•Public Administration•2017

  • Rationale and process transparency do not reduce perceived red tape

    Open Access•Wesley Kaufmann, Alex Ingrams et al.•International Review of…•2020

  • External control mechanisms and red tape

    Open Access•Youngmin Oh, Kyungeun Lee•International Review of…•2022

  • The weight of service delivery

    Open Access•Cristina M Stanica, Dan Balica et al.•International Review of…•2022

  • Emotional Responses to Bureaucratic Red Tape

    Open Access•Fabian Hattke, David Hensel et al.•Public Administration Review•2019

  • Developing and Testing a New Goal Taxonomy

    Randall S Davis, Edmund C Stazyk•Journal of Public Administration…•2015

  • Green Tape and Job Satisfaction

    Leisha Dehart-Davis, Leisha Dehart‐davi et al.•Journal of Public Administration…•2015

  • Do Justifications Affect Tolerance for Administrative Burdens? Evidence From a Survey Experiment Among Policymakers

    Open Access•Aske Halling, Steven Van De Walle•Social Policy and Administration•2025

  • Green Tape and Public Employee Rule Abidance

    Open Access•Leisha Dehart‐davi•Public Administration Review•2009

  • Unionization and Work Attitudes

    Open Access•Randall S Davis•Public Administration Review•2012

  • More than Pathological Formalization

    Open Access•Wesley Kaufmann, Erin L Borry et al.•Public Administration Review•2018

  • Feeling out’ the rules

    Open Access•Randall S Davis, Sanjay K Pandey•Public Administration Review•2023

  • Coping with administrative tasks

    Open Access•Maria Tiggelaar, Sandra Groeneveld et al.•Public Administration Review•2023

  • Red Tape, Organizational Performance, and Employee Outcomes

    Open Access•Bert George, Sanjay K Pandey et al.•Public Administration Review•2020

  • Compliance under distrust

    Open Access•Juan P Mendoza, Jacco L Wielhouwer•Journal of Public Administration…•2025

  • Organizational Confidence

    Megan Feeney, M K Feeney et al.•Journal of Public Administration…•2011

  • Studying Bureaucracy in a Diverse Democracy

    Alexander Bolton, Sharece Thrower•Congress & the Presidency•2023

  • A meta-analysis and conceptual critique of research on role ambiguity and role conflict in work settings

    Open Access•Susan E Jackson, Randall S Schuler•Organizational Behavior and Human…•1985

  • The Double-Edge of Organizational Legitimation

    Blake E Ashforth, Barrie W Gibbs•Organization Science•1990

  • Social Justice

    Open Access•T R Tyler•International Journal of Psychology•2000

  • Determinants of perceived fairness of performance evaluations.

    Jerald Greenberg•Journal of Applied Psychology•1986

  • The Role of Justice in Organizations

    Open Access•Yochi Cohen‐charash, Yochi Cohen-Charash et al.•Organizational Behavior and Human…•2001

  • Patterns of Industrial Bureaucracy

    Alvin W Gouldner•Patterns of Industrial Bureaucracy•1954

  • The Theory Of Social And Economic Organization

    Max Weber•The Theory Of Social And Economic…•1997

  • Integrating the Individual and the Organization

    Chris Argyris•Integrating the Individual and…•2017

  • The Discovery of Grounded Theory

    Barney G Glaser, Anselm L Strauss•Discovery of Grounded Theory•2017

  • The Group Engagement Model

    Open Access•T R Tyler, Steven L Blader•Personality and Social Psychology…•2003

  • Red Tape

    Sanjay K Pandey, Patrick G Scott•Journal of Public Administration…•2002

  • Identity and Cooperative Behavior in Groups

    Open Access•T R Tyler, Steven L Blader•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2001

  • Trust and compliance∗

    John Braithwaite, Toni Makkai•Policing & Society•1994

  • If you treat me right, I reciprocate”

    Open Access•Christiane Spitzmüller, Dana M Glenn et al.•Journal of Organizational Behavior•2006

  • The influence of red tape on bureaucratic behavior

    Open Access•Patrick G Scott, Sanjay K Pandey•Journal of Policy Analysis and…•2000

  • Bureaucratic Red Tape and Formalization

    Open Access•Barry Bozeman, Patrick Scott et al.•The American Review of Public…•1996

  • Red Tape and Public Managers' Decision Making

    Open Access•Rama Mohana R Turaga, Barry Bozeman•The American Review of Public…•2005

  • The Perception of Power

    Rebecca Ford, Cathryn Johnson•Social Psychology Quarterly•1998

  • The consistency rule and the voice effect

    Open Access•Kees Van Den Bos, Riël Vermunt et al.•European Journal of Social…•1996

  • Research Note

    Hal G Rainey, Sanjay K Pandey et al.•Public Administration Review•1995

  • Patterns of Organizational Commitment and Perceived Management Style

    Open Access•Rachid Zeffane•Human Relations•1994

  • Intra- and inter-justice relationships

    Open Access•Tina Robbins, Tina L Robbins et al.•Human Relations•2000

  • Red Tape and a Theory of Bureaucratic Rules

    Open Access•Charles T Goodsell•Public Administration Review•2000

  • To Manage Is Not to Control

    Martin Landau, Russell Stout•Public Administration Review•1979

  • The Role of Organizations in Fostering Public Service Motivation

    Open Access•Donald P Moynihan, Sanjay K Pandey•Public Administration Review•2007

  • The Cunning of Trust

    Open Access•Philip Pettit•Philosophy & Public Affairs•1995

  • A Theory Of Government “Red Tape

    Barry Bozeman•Journal of Public Administration…•1993

  • Using Multiple Informants in Public Administration

    Richard M Walker•Journal of Public Administration…•2004

  • Red Tape and Public Employees

    L Dehart-Davis, Leisha Dehart‐davi et al.•Journal of Public Administration…•2005

  • Comparing Public and Private Organizations

    Hal G Rainey, Barry Bozeman•Journal of Public Administration…•2000

  • Cognitive Development and Willingness to Comply with Law

    Don W Brown•American Journal of Political…•1974

  • Procedural justice as a criterion in allocation decisions

    Edith Barrett-Howard, T R Tyler•Journal of Personality and Social…•1986

  • Compliance with rules

    John Thibaut, Nehemia Friedland et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1974

  • Collective restraint in social dilemmas

    T R Tyler, Peter Degoey•Journal of Personality and Social…•1995

  • Psychological Perspectives on Legitimacy and Legitimation

    T R Tyler•Annual Review of Psychology•2005

  • Alienation

    Halim Barakat•British Journal of Sociology•1969

  • Organizational Alienation

    Michael Aiken, J Hage•American Sociological Review•1966

  • On The Meaning of Alienation

    Melvin Seeman•American Sociological Review•1959

  • On Work and Alienation

    Kai Erikson•American Sociological Review•1986

  • The concepts of alienation and involvement revisited

    Rabindra N Kanungo•Psychological Bulletin•1979

  • Institutionalized Organizations

    J W Meyer, Brian Rowan•American Journal of Sociology•1977

  • Toward general principles of managerial fairness

    Open Access•Blair H Sheppard, Roy J Lewicki•Social Justice Research•1987

Unique citing works66
Citations per year3,88
Citation span2009 - 2026 (18)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 64

Tools

Open DOISci-HubOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae