Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Institutionalization and Peronism

The Concept, the Case and the Case for Unpacking the Concept

Bibliographic Data

ID6314488
AuthorsSteven Levitsky (corresponding author)
Year1998
Volume4
Issue1
Pages77-92
Publication date1998-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueParty Politics (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1354-0688 • E-ISSN: 1460-3683
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/1354068898004001004
OpenAlexW1976117896
LanguageEN
Citations received107
References cited22

The concept of institutionalization is widely employed but often poorly defined in the literature on political parties. This paper argues that `institutionalization' as it is frequently used encompasses a diverse set of meanings that are better thought of as conceptually distinct. The paper examines two phenomena that have been widely associated with institutionalization: `value infusion' and `behavioral routinization'. It uses the case of Peronism in Argentina, which is infused with value but poorly routinized, to demonstrate that these phenomena can vary independently. The paper argues that the failure to make these conceptual distinctions may pose serious problems for causal analysis. As an example, it shows how different conceptions of institutionalization lead to opposing arguments about the relation between institutionalization and the capacity of parties to adapt to changing electoral and policy environments. The paper then examines the distinction between formal and informal routinization with respect to political parties, arguing that many studies of political parties fail to incorporate informally routinized behavior patterns into their conceptions of institutionalization

Economics · Epistemology · Institutionalisation · Law and economics · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Positive economics · Relation (database · Sociology · Value (mathematics · Electoral Systems and Political Participation · Law · Philosophy · Political Conflict and Governance · Politics and Society in Latin America · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Party and Party System Institutionalization in the Philippines

    Open Access•Allen Hicken•Party System Institutionalization…•2014

  • Introduction

    Open Access•Allen Hicken, Erik Martinez Kuhonta•Party System Institutionalization…•2014

  • How Autocrats Compete

    Open Access•Yonatan L Morse•How Autocrats Compete•2018

  • Transforming Labor-Based Parties in Latin America

    Open Access•Steven Levitsky•Transforming Labor-Based Parties…•2003

  • Federalism and the Market

    Open Access•Erik Wibbels•Federalism and the Market•2005

  • Determinantes de la percepción de corrupción legislativa en América Latina (1990-2016)

    Open Access•Ana Belén Benito Sánchez, Araceli Mateos Díaz et al.•Revista de Estudios Políticos•2021

  • Alianzas entre partidos y cambio organizativo

    Open Access•Astrid Barrio•Papers Revista de Sociologia•2009

  • La institucionalización de los partidos políticos y su relación con la democracia

    Open Access•Jorge Alejandro Jirón-Cevallos•Ciencia Política•2025

  • Opening the box of parties and party systems under autocratization

    Hakan Yavuzyilmaz, Hakan Yavuzyılmaz et al.•Journal of Southeast European and…•2023

  • The Justice and Development Party in Turkey

    Toygar Sinan Baykan•The Justice and Development Party…•2019

  • Constraining Dictatorship

    Open Access•Alicia Meng, Anne Meng•Constraining Dictatorship•2020

  • From the client's point(s) of view

    Open Access•J Auyero•Theory and Society•1999

  • Party institutionalization and intra-party preference homogeneity

    Open Access•Matthias Mader, Nils D Steiner•Zeitschrift für Vergleichende…•2019

  • Travelling concepts of party institutionalization? A comparative perspective

    Open Access•Kristina Weissenbach, Sebastian U Bukow et al.•Zeitschrift für Vergleichende…•2019

  • Party institutionalization as multilevel concept

    Open Access•Nicole Bolleyer, Saskia P Ruth-Lovell•Zeitschrift für Vergleichende…•2019

  • Institutionalisation without voters

    Open Access•Agnieszka Kwiatkowska•Zeitschrift für Vergleichende…•2019

  • Definitions and measures of party institutionalization in new personal politics

    Open Access•Fortunato Musella, Michelangelo Vercesi•Zeitschrift für Vergleichende…•2019

  • Party institutionalization in new democracies

    Open Access•Ivan Vuković•Zeitschrift für Vergleichende…•2019

  • Timing, sequences and new party institutionalization in South America

    Open Access•Thomas Kestler, Juan Bautista Lucca et al.•Zeitschrift für Vergleichende…•2019

  • Germany's populist disruptors and the “politics of fluidity”

    Open Access•Charles Lees•Frontiers in Political Science•2025

  • A Comparative Analysis of Selection Criteria of Candidates in Belgium

    Open Access•Audrey Vandeleene, Emilie Van Haute•Frontiers in Political Science•2021

  • Diagnosis of the digitalization of intraparty democracy in Southern European political parties

    Open Access•Gema Sánchez Medero•Frontiers in Political Science•2025

  • Which organization for which party? An organizational analysis of the Five-star Movement

    Davide Vittori•Contemporary Italian Politics•2020

  • Regime Consolidation Through Deinstitutionalisation

    Open Access•Viengrat Nethipo, Erik Martinez Kuhonta et al.•Journal of Current Southeast…•2023

  • Blessing or curse? A critical review of the paradoxical consequences of direct public funding for political parties

    Open Access•Fernando Casal Bértoa, William C R Horncastle et al.•European Political Science Review•2025

  • Myanmar's 2020 Election

    Open Access•Kai-Ping Huang•Journal of East Asian Studies•2022

  • Toward a Theory of Personalist Parties

    Open Access•Tatiana Kostadinova, Barry Steven Levitt•Politics & Policy•2014

  • Twenty thousand leagues below the Po

    Gianluca Piccolino, Sofia Marini•Regional & Federal Studies•2025

  • The institutionalisation of parliamentary party groups. Towards a concept

    Danny Schindler, Oliver Kannenberg•Journal of Legislative Studies•2024

  • Party institutionalization and party strength

    Open Access•Darin Sanders Self, Shari Franke et al.•Party Politics•2025

  • Political Parties in South Korea and Taiwan after Twenty Years of Democratization

    Open Access•Heike Hermanns•Pacific Focus•2009

  • Geographical Patterns of Party Support in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine

    Open Access•Andrey Meleshevich•European Urban and Regional Studies•2006

  • Political party and party system institutionalization in Southeast Asia

    Andreas Ufen•The Pacific Review•2008

  • The Extent of Political Party Institutionalization in Malawi

    Phaniso Kalua•Forum for Development Studies•2011

  • Illicit gains and state capture

    Open Access•Niloufer Siddiqui, Drew Stommes et al.•World Development•2024

  • Party organizational strength and voter turnout in authoritarian regimes

    Open Access•Juhyeok Lee, Nam Kyu Kim•Electoral Studies•2026

  • Estabilidad y cambio en el sistema multipartidista colombiano, 1991-2022

    Open Access•Unai Ahedo, Laura Lucía Suárez-Monroy et al.•Perfiles Latinoamericanos•2025

  • La institucionalización partidista y su relación con la calidad de la democracia

    Open Access•Marcos Ernesto Pérez Talia, Marcos Pérez Talia•Revista Mexicana de Ciencias…•2017

  • The Crisis of Labor Politics in Latin America

    Open Access•Kenneth M Roberts•International Labor and…•2007

  • Selección centralizada de candidatos del Partido de la Revolución Democrática a gobernadores en México (2000-2015)

    Open Access•Gustavo Martínez Valdés•Colombia Internacional•2017

  • Corruption predictability and corruption voting in Asian democracies

    Open Access•Eric C C Chang•Public Choice•2020

  • Parties, Civil Society, and the Deterrence of Democratic Defection

    Open Access•Markus Bernhard, Michael Bernhard et al.•Studies in Comparative…•2020

  • Inside the black box

    Open Access•Steven Levitsky•Studies in Comparative…•2001

  • Routine Problems

    Open Access•Lev Nachman•Studies in Comparative…•2023

  • Social inequalities without class cleavages in Latin America’s neoliberal era

    Open Access•Kenneth M Roberts•Studies in Comparative…•2002

  • Personalization and de‐institutionalization

    Open Access•Robert Harmel, Lars Svåsand et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2024

  • How ‘Natives’ Work

    Open Access•Perri Six, Perri•Public Administration•2015

  • Routledge handbook of the contemporary Philippines

    Martha Alter Chen, Françoise J Carré et al.•Routledge Handbook of the…•2018

  • Party Strength in New Fields

    Open Access•Shan Zhang, Han Zhang et al.•Journal of East Asian Studies•2026

  • When News Matters

    Open Access•Rachid Azrout, Joost Van Spanje et al.•JCMS Journal of Common Market…•2012

  • The survival and termination of party mergers in Europe

    Open Access•Nicole Bolleyer, Raimondas Ibenskas et al.•European Journal of Political…•2016

  • Exploring the link between patronage and party institutionalization

    Fabrizio Di Mascio•Democratization•2013

  • Qualitative Methodology and Comparative Politics

    Open Access•James Mahoney•Comparative Political Studies•2007

  • Doing Politics Differently? Applying a Feminist Institutionalist Lens to the U.K. Women's Equality Party

    Open Access•Elizabeth Evans, Meryl Kenny•Politics & Gender•2019

  • From Party Systems to Party Organizations

    Open Access•Laura Wills-Otero•Journal of Politics in Latin…•2009

  • Rise and Fall of the “Guardians of the State”? A Comparative Study of Coup Culture in Argentina, Turkey and Thailand

    Open Access•Oğuzhan Göksel, Natavan Huseynova•International Journal of Politics…•2025

  • The normalization of left populism? The paradigmatic case of Podemos

    Samuele Mazzolini, Arthur Borriello•European Politics and Society•2021

  • Organization and Labor-Based Party Adaptation

    Open Access•Steven Levitsky•World Politics•2001

  • Political parties or party systems? Assessing the ‘myth’ of institutionalisation and democracy

    Fernando Casal Bértoa•West European Politics•2017

  • New Parties in Government

    Nicole Bolleyer, Joost Van Spanje et al.•West European Politics•2012

  • Measuring the Extent of Party Institutionalisation

    David Arter, Elina Kestilä-Kekkonen•West European Politics•2014

  • Elite Investments in Party Institutionalization in New Democracies

    Nicole Bolleyer, Saskia P Ruth et al.•The Journal of Politics•2018

  • Democracy and Human Development

    John Gerring, Strom C Thacker et al.•The Journal of Politics•2012

  • Assessing the institutionalization of private sustainability governance in a changing coffee sector

    Open Access•Janina Grabs•Regulation & Governance•2020

  • The Three Waves of Party System Institutionalisation Studies

    Open Access•Fernando Casal Bértoa•Political Studies Review•2018

  • The Women’s Equality Party

    Open Access•Elizabeth Evans, Meryl Kenny•Political Studies•2019

  • Party and Party System Institutionalization

    Open Access•Fernando Casal Bértoa, Zsolt Enyedi et al.•Perspectives on Politics•2024

  • Old Parties and New Democracies

    Open Access•Michelle M Taylor-Robinson, Michelle M Taylor‐robinson•Party Politics•2001

  • Party statutes and party institutionalization

    Open Access•Susan E Scarrow, Jamie M Wright et al.•Party Politics•2023

  • What drives the intra-party democracy of the “Alternative for Germany

    Open Access•Anna-Sophie Heinze, Benjamin Höhne et al.•Party Politics•2024

  • Conflict regulation in political parties

    Open Access•Nicole Bolleyer, Felix‐christopher Von Nostitz et al.•Party Politics•2017

  • Autocratic ruling parties during regime transitions

    Open Access•Berker Kavasoglu•Party Politics•2022

  • The Institutionalization of Extreme Right-wing Charismatic Parties

    Open Access•Ami Pedahzur, Avraham Brichta•Party Politics•2002

  • Parties as Franchise Systems

    Open Access•R Kenneth Carty•Party Politics•2004

  • Party Institutionalization in New Democracies

    Open Access•Vicky Randall, Lars Svåsand•Party Politics•2002

  • Party Non-Systems

    Open Access•Omar Muñoz-Sánchez, Omar Sanchez•Party Politics•2009

  • Islamism, party change, and strategic conciliation

    Open Access•Rory Mccarthy•Party Politics•2024

  • Mob Rule? Two Case Studies of How Single-issue Organisations Became the Ruling Party on Council

    Karin Bottom, Alison Crow•Local Government Studies•2011

  • Party Institutionalization and Partisan Mobilization

    Open Access•Aldo F Ponce, Susan E Scarrow•Government and Opposition•2023

  • An internalist perspective on party consolidation and the Bulgarian Union of Democratic Forces

    Open Access•J C Sharman, Robert L Phillips et al.•European Journal of Political…•2004

  • Origins of party formation and new party success in advanced democracies

    Open Access•Nicole Bolleyer, Evelyn Bytzek•European Journal of Political…•2013

  • Recall rules as a legalistic autocrat’s toolkit. The case of Zimbabwe

    Danny Schindler•Democratization•2025

  • Why do authoritarian regimes provide welfare

    Sanghoon Park•Democratization•2025

  • Opposition in transition

    Open Access•Andreas Ufen•Democratization•2020

  • Party matters

    Yonatan L Morse•Democratization•2014

  • Political dynamics of the post-communist Montenegro

    Ivan Vuković•Democratization•2015

  • Reacting to Democratization

    Open Access•Darin Sanders Self, Allen Hicken•Comparative Political Studies•2025

  • The Wartime Roots of Rural Governance

    Open Access•Nicolás Taccone•Comparative Political Studies•2025

  • Strategic Uncertainty and Elite Defections in Electoral Autocracies

    Open Access•Adrián Del Río•Comparative Political Studies•2022

  • Shadows From the Past

    Open Access•Allen Hicken, Erik Martinez Kuhonta•Comparative Political Studies•2011

  • All Power to the Party! The Sources of Ruling Party Strength in Authoritarian Regimes

    Open Access•Qingjie Zeng•Canadian Journal of Political…•2021

  • Ruling Parties in Authoritarian Regimes

    Open Access•Alicia Meng•British Journal of Political…•2021

  • Party Origins, Party Infrastructural Strength, and Governance Outcomes

    Open Access•Qingjie Zeng•British Journal of Political…•2024

  • El PT de Brasil

    Open Access•Bruno Bolognesi, Luiz Domingos Costa et al.•AMÉRICA LATINA HOY•2019

  • Repurposing rebellion

    Open Access•Sherry Zak•European Journal of International…•2025

  • Coerência partidária nas elites parlamentares latino-americanas

    Open Access•Leticia María Ruiz Rodríguez, Mercedes García Montero•Opinião Pública•2002

  • Re-Membering Peronism

    Open Access•J Auyero•Qualitative Sociology•1999

  • Conceptualizing vote buying

    Open Access•Simeon Nichter•Electoral Studies•2014

  • Manifesto functions

    Open Access•Nikolaus Eder, Marcelo Jenny et al.•Electoral Studies•2017

  • Las Unidades Básicas durante el primer peronismo. Cuatro notas sobre el Partido Peronista a nivel local

    Open Access•Nicolás Quiroga•Nuevo mundo mundos nuevos•2008

  • Political Order in Changing Societies

    Samuel P Huntington•Political Order in Changing…•1969

  • Southern politics in State and Nation

    V O Key•Southern politics in State and…•1949

  • Party building in a new nation

    Myron Weiner•Party building in a new nation•1967

  • Parties and party systems

    Giovanni Sartori•Parties and party systems•1976

  • The Transformation of European Social Democracy

    Open Access•Herbert Kitschelt•Transformation of European Social…•1994

  • Building democratic institutions

    Scott Mainwaring, Timothy Scully•Building democratic institutions•1995

  • Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance

    Open Access•Douglass C North•Institutions, Institutional…•1990

  • Social science concepts

    Open Access•N Roberts•Social Science Information Studies•1985

  • Union Political Tactics and Democratic Consolidation in Alfonsin's Argentina, 1983–1989

    Open Access•James W Mcguire•Latin American Research Review•1992

  • Soviet Neotraditionalism

    Ken Jowitt•Soviet Studies•1983

  • Don't Make No Waves. Don't Back No Losers, An Insider's Analysis of the Daley Machine

    Janet Clark, Milton Rakove•The Western Political Quarterly•1976

  • Comparing and Miscomparing

    Open Access•Giovanni Sartori•Journal of Theoretical Politics•1991

  • Illusions About Consolidation

    Open Access•Guillermo A O''Donnell, Guillermo O’donnell et al.•Journal of democracy•1996

  • Delegative Democracy

    Open Access•Guillermo A O''Donell, Guillermo A O'Donell•Journal of democracy•1994

  • Dominance and Dissent

    Open Access•W H Morris‐jone, W H MORRIS‐JONES•Government and Opposition•1966

  • Overinstitutionalization and Political Constraint

    Mark Kesselman•Comparative Politics•1970

  • Understanding Political Instability

    Open Access•Lee Sigelman•Comparative Political Studies•1979

  • Democracy with Adjectives

    Open Access•Donald Collier, David Collier et al.•World Politics•1997

  • Does Modernization Breed Revolution

    Charles Tilly•Comparative Politics•1973

  • Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics

    Open Access•Giovanni Sartori•American Political Science Review•1970

  • Political Parties

    Kenneth Janda•American Political Science Review•1981

Unique citing works107
Citations per year3,96
Citation span1999 - 2026 (28)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 107

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae