Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Party and Party System Institutionalization

Which Comes First

Bibliographic Data

ID6317433
AuthorsFernando Casal Bértoa (0000-0002-9494-4621, University of Andorra), Zsolt Enyedi (0000-0002-8981-6115, University of Andorra), Martin Mölder (0000-0002-9701-1771, University of Andorra)
Year2024
Volume22
Issue1
Pages194-212
Publication date2024-03-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenuePerspectives on Politics (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1537-5927 • E-ISSN: 1541-0986
PublisherCambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1017/s1537592723002530
OpenAlexW4387694724
LanguageEN
Citations received9
References cited66

Parties and party systems are treated as separate phenomena in theory, but not in research practice. This is most clearly so in the literature on the institutionalization of party politics, where the party level and the systemic levels are often analyzed through combined fuzzy indices. We 1) propose separate indicators for measuring institutionalization at the party and at the party system level, 2) demonstrate their different dynamics in twentieth and twenty-first century European countries, and 3) investigate the direction of causality. Using a dataset that covers more than 700 elections, 800 parties, and 1,400 instances of government formation in 60 different historical party systems across 45 European countries, we find that party-level institutionalization tends to precede systemic institutionalization. The opposite pattern occurs only in a few countries

Causality (physics · Government (linguistics · Institutionalisation · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Electoral Systems and Political Participation · Law · Political Conflict and Governance · Political Influence and Corporate Strategies · Public Administration

  • Measuring and Explaining the Robustness of Party Ethics Self‐Regulation

    Open Access•Luís De Sousa, Fernando Casal Bértoa et al.•Regulation & Governance•2026

  • Gullimair travels east

    Open Access•Don S Lee, Fernando Casal Bértoa et al.•Political Research Exchange•2024

  • Ideology, party institutionalization, and Covid-19 vaccine choice

    Open Access•Julie Ann VanDusky•Constitutional Political Economy•2025

  • Twenty thousand leagues below the Po

    Gianluca Piccolino, Sofia Marini•Regional & Federal Studies•2025

  • Party institutionalization and party strength

    Open Access•Darin Sanders Self, Shari Franke et al.•Party Politics•2025

  • Can financial transparency help parties institutionalize and save democracy

    Open Access•Fernando Casal Bértoa, Anna Heapy-Silander et al.•Policy Studies•2024

  • Recasting the Meaning of Elections

    Tristan Klingelhöfer•Comparative Politics•2026

  • Presidential Elections and European Party Systems (1848–2020)

    Open Access•Fernando Casal Bértoa, Till Weber•British Journal of Political…•2024

  • Does institutional design matter? Constitutional regime types and party system closure in Asia

    Open Access•Don S Lee, Fernando Casal Bértoa•World Development•2025

  • Political Order in Changing Societies

    Samuel P Huntington•Political Order in Changing…•1969

  • Parties and party systems

    Giovanni Sartori•Parties and party systems•1976

  • Party Vibrancy and Democracy in Latin America

    Fernando Rosenblatt•Party Vibrancy and Democracy in…•2018

  • New Parties in Old Party Systems

    Nicole Bolleyer•New Parties in Old Party Systems•2013

  • Unexpected Outcomes

    Robert G Moser•Unexpected Outcomes•2001

  • Analysis of Panel Data

    Open Access•Cheng Hsiao•Analysis of Panel Data•2014

  • Party Brands in Crisis

    Open Access•Noam Lupu•Party Brands in Crisis•2016

  • Party Systems in Latin America

    Scott Mainwaring•Party Systems in Latin America•2018

  • Anti-Political Establishment Parties

    Amir Abedi•Anti-Political Establishment…•2004

  • Democracy Between Consolidation and Crisis

    Leonardo Morlino•Democracy between consolidation…•1998

  • Democracy and the Cartelization of Political Parties

    Richard S Katz, Peter Mair•Democracy and the Cartelization…•2018

  • Panel Data Econometrics in R

    Open Access•Yves Croissant, Giovanni Millo•Journal of Statistical Software•2008

  • Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels

    Open Access•Elena-Ivona Dumitrescu, Christophe Hurlin•Economic Modelling•2012

  • Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-spectral Methods

    Clive W J Granger•Econometrica•1969

  • Building democratic institutions

    Scott Mainwaring, Timothy Scully•Building democratic institutions•1995

  • Handbook of Party Politics

    Richard Katz, Richard S Katz et al.•Handbook of Party Politics•2006

  • Party System Closure

    Fernando Casal Bértoa, Zsolt Enyedi•Party System Closure•2021

  • Party Organization and Electoral Volatility in Central and Eastern Europe

    Gherghina, Sergiu Gherghina•Party Organization and Electoral…•2014

  • Post-Communist Democracies and Party Organization

    Open Access•M Tavits•Post-Communist Democracies and…•2013

  • Party institutionalization and intra-party preference homogeneity

    Open Access•Matthias Mader, Nils D Steiner•Zeitschrift für Vergleichende…•2019

  • Who governs Europe? A new historical dataset on governments and party systems since 1848

    Open Access•Fernando Casal Bértoa, Zsolt Enyedi•European Political Science•2021

  • Indonesia Seven Years after Soeharto

    Paige Johnson Tan•Contemporary Southeast Asia•2006

  • Patterns of political instability

    Open Access•Marcus Kreuzer, Vello Pettai•Studies in Comparative…•2003

  • Party systems in post-communist Central Europe

    Paula Gilbert Lewis•Democratization•2006

  • Party System Instability in Europe

    Jan-Erik Lane, Jan‐erik Lane et al.•Democratization•2007

  • Government Formation and Party System Stabilization in East Central Europe

    Open Access•James Toole•Party Politics•2000

  • Party system volatility, regeneration and de-institutionalization in Western Europe (1945–2015)

    Open Access•Alessandro Chiaramonte, Vincenzo Emanuele•Party Politics•2017

  • On the linkage between electoral volatility and party system instability in Central and Eastern Europe

    Open Access•M Tavits•European Journal of Political…•2008

  • The Development of Stable Party Support

    Open Access•M Tavits•American Journal of Political…•2005

  • Electoral Systems and the Number of Parties in Postcommunist States

    Open Access•Robert G Moser•World Politics•1999

  • Party Strength and Economic Growth

    Open Access•Fernando Bizzarro, John Gerring et al.•World Politics•2018

  • Political parties or party systems? Assessing the ‘myth’ of institutionalisation and democracy

    Fernando Casal Bértoa•West European Politics•2017

  • Elite Investments in Party Institutionalization in New Democracies

    Nicole Bolleyer, Saskia P Ruth et al.•The Journal of Politics•2018

  • Stability and incorporation

    Open Access•Rafael Piñeiro Rodríguez, Rafael Piñeiro-Rodríguez et al.•Party Politics•2020

  • Just like the others

    Open Access•Hannah M Ridge•Party Politics•2022

  • Party statutes and party institutionalization

    Open Access•Susan E Scarrow, Jamie M Wright et al.•Party Politics•2023

  • Party institutionalization and democratic consolidation

    Open Access•Şebnem Yardımcı-Geyikçi•Party Politics•2015

  • Party system closure and openness

    Open Access•Fernando Casal Bértoa, Zsolt Enyedi•Party Politics•2016

  • Party System Institutionalization in 30 African Countries

    Open Access•Michelle Kuenzi, Gina Lambright et al.•Party Politics•2001

  • Party Institutionalization in New Democracies

    Open Access•Vicky Randall, Lars Svåsand•Party Politics•2002

  • Political Sequences and the Stabilization of Interparty Competition

    Open Access•Scott Mainwaring, Edurne Zoco•Party Politics•2007

  • Institutionalization and Peronism

    Open Access•Steven Levitsky•Party Politics•1998

  • A System Perspective on Party System Change

    Open Access•G S Smith, Gordon Smith et al.•Journal of Theoretical Politics•1989

  • Party Systems in the Third Wave

    Open Access•Scott Mainwaring•Journal of democracy•1998

  • Party Institutionalization and Partisan Mobilization

    Open Access•Aldo F Ponce, Susan E Scarrow•Government and Opposition•2023

  • Effective” Number of Parties

    Open Access•Markku Laakso, Rein Taagepera•Comparative Political Studies•1979

  • Political Identities in the Initial Phase of Systemic Transformation in Poland

    Open Access•Goldie Shabad, Kazimierz M Slomczynski•Comparative Political Studies•1999

  • Democratization and the Institutionalization of Latin American Political Parties

    Open Access•Robert H Dix•Comparative Political Studies•1992

  • The Quantity and the Quality of Party Systems

    Open Access•Russell J Dalton•Comparative Political Studies•2008

  • Public Venture Capital and Party Institutionalization

    Open Access•Jóhanna Birnir, Johanna Kristín Birnir•Comparative Political Studies•2005

  • Modeling Dynamics in Time-Series–Cross-Section Political Economy Data

    Niels Beck, Nathaniel Beck et al.•Annual Review of Political Science•2011

  • Granger Causality and the Times Series Analysis of Political Relationships

    John R Freeman•American Journal of Political…•1983

  • Party System Institutionalization, Accountability and Governmental Corruption

    Open Access•Petra Schleiter, Alisa Voznaya•British Journal of Political…•2018

  • Party Institutionalization and Welfare State Development

    Open Access•Magnus Bergli Rasmussen, Carl Henrik Knutsen•British Journal of Political…•2021

  • Party Systems and Political System Performance

    Open Access•G Bingham Powell•American Political Science Review•1981

  • What To Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data

    Open Access•Niels Beck, Nathaniel Beck et al.•American Political Science Review•1995

  • Proportionality, disproportionality and electoral systems

    Open Access•Michael Gallagher•Electoral Studies•1991

  • Party Systems and Electoral Volatility in Latin America

    Open Access•Kenneth M Roberts, Erik Wibbels•American Political Science Review•1999

Unique citing works9
Citations per year4,5
Citation span2024 - 2026 (3)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 9

Tools

Open DOIOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae