The Etiology of Individual‐Targeted Intolerance
Group Stereotypes and Judgments of Individual Group Members
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6336293 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Ewa A Golebiowska, Ewa Golebiowska (0000-0002-4525-5336, Tufts University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2000 |
| Volume | 21 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 443-464 |
| Publication date | 2000-09-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Political Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0162-895X • E-ISSN: 1467-9221 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/0162-895x.00198 |
| OpenAlex | W2139267455 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 9 |
| References cited | 25 |
Virtually all scientific writing on attitudes toward political unorthodoxy in the United States focuses on group‐targeted tolerance, or the question of whether Americans are willing to extend constitutional rights and freedoms to groups outside the political mainstream. Less is known about the etiology of individual‐targeted tolerance, or the question of whether Americans are willing to tolerate the exercise of constitutional rights and freedoms by individuals who belong to unpopular groups. This paper examines the sources of attitudes toward individuals belonging to disliked and stereotyped political groups—in particular, the extent to which political tolerance judgments about gay and racist targets are influenced by attributes of those targets that are either consistent or inconsistent with group stereotypes. In line with expectations, an empirical analysis showed that individuals exhibiting attributes inconsistent with their group's stereotype (whether neutral with respect to stereotypic beliefs or directly challenging them) are tolerated more than those with stereotype‐consistent attributes. Because members of political outgroups can control the timing of disclosing their group membership, they have the power to determine whether and to what extent stereotypic beliefs associated with their group will influence the reactions they provoke. This analysis confirms that the impact of stereotypic beliefs on tolerance varies as a function of timing of group membership revelation, although the direction of this interaction depends on the intensity of dislike for the group of which the individual target is a member
Ingroups and outgroups · Mainstream · Political science · Politics · Power (physics · Stereotype (UML · Cultural Differences and Values · Gender Diversity and Inequality · Law · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
The novelty news frame
New Dimensions of Tolerance
Understanding the News Coverage of Gay Candidates
Alienable Speech
Individual-Targeted Tolerance and Timing of Group Membership Disclosure
Political psychology and the study of LGBTQI+ groups, politics, and policy
When to Tell
Group Stereotypes and Political Evaluation
Sexual Tourism and the Excitement of the Strange
Communism, conformity, and civil liberties
Political tolerance and American democracy
"Some of My Best Friends" Intergroup Contact, Concealable Stigma, and Heterosexuals' Attitudes Toward Gay Men and Lesbians
The Relationship of Heterosexuals' Attributions for the Causes of Homosexuality to Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men
Negativity and extremity biases in impression formation
Gender Belief Systems
The role of typical diagnosticity in stereotype-based judgments
Attitudes toward groups and behavioral intentions toward individual group members
Category-based and attribute-based reactions to others
Stereotypes as energy-saving devices
The "Pictures in Our Heads" and Individual-Targeted Tolerance
Trends
Racial Stereotypes and Whites' Political Views of Blacks in the Context of Welfare and Crime
Alternative Measures of Political Tolerance
Principled Tolerance and the American Mass Public
The person-positivity bias
Outcome dependency and attention to inconsistent information
The trouble of thinking
Sex stereotypes and social judgment
Implicit stereotyping in person judgment
Equal ratings but separate meanings
Stereotypes and prejudice
Conception of Male and Female Homosexual Stereotypes Among University Undergraduates
Stereotype Content and Social Distance
Political Intolerance and Political Repression During the McCarthy Red Scare
| Unique citing works | 9 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,36 |
| Citation span | 2001 - 2025 (25) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 9 |