Economic Roots of Civil Wars and Revolutions in the Contemporary World
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6410022 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Carles Boix (0000-0002-2154-2701, Princeton University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2008 |
| Volume | 60 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 390-437 |
| Publication date | 2008-04-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | World Politics (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0043-8871 • E-ISSN: 1086-3338 |
| Publisher | Project MUSE (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1017/s0043887100009047 |
| OpenAlex | W2029890963 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 81 |
| References cited | 49 |
To explain the distribution of civil wars, guerrilla warfare, and revolutionary outbreaks, the literature on modern political violence has shifted, broadly speaking, from a modernization perspective that emphasized the role of material conflict and of grievances to a more recent research program that stresses the geographical and organizational opportunities that insurgents may have to engage in violence. Drawing on those lines of inquiry equally, this article offers an integrated analytical model that considers both the motives and the opportunities of states and rebels. Civil wars, guerrillas, and revolutionary outbreaks are seen as a result of the nature and distribution of wealth in each country. Systematic and organized violent conflicts are most likely in economies where inequality is high and wealth is mostly immobile, that is, in societies where those worse off would benefit substantially from expropriating all assets. Violence is conditional on the mobilizational and organizational capacity of challengers and on the state capacity to control its territory. The theory is tested on data on civil wars from 1850 to 1999 for the whole world and on data on guerrilla warfare and revolutionary episodes spanning the years from 1919 to 1997 across all countries
Citizen journalism · Civil Conflict · Civil society · Development economics · Distribution (mathematics · Economics · Economy · Guerrilla warfare · Inequality · Modernization theory · Perspective (graphical · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Sociology · State (computer science · Corruption and Economic Development · Culture, Economy, and Development Studies · Law · Political Conflict and Governance
Democracy and Nationalism in Southeast Asia
The Rise of Partisan CSR
Estudios de paz y conflictos
The Roots of Ethnic Cleansing in Europe
Civilian Action in Conflict Settings
Inequality, Grievances, and Civil War
Choosing Sides
The distributional impact of the Sierra Leone conflict on household welfare
Inequality, Culture, and Violence
Technological innovation system and the wider context
The impacts of armed conflict on human development
The Neglected Role of Inequality in Explanations of the Collapse of Ancient States
War, regime collapse, and women's suffrage
Weapons of the dissatisfied? Perceptions of socioeconomic inequality, redistributive preference, and political protest
R2P and Prevention
Inclusive institutions and economic growth
Regimes that Obstruct
Ethnic Redistribution in Bipolar Societies
On Growth Projections in the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
State Capacity, Inequality and Inter-Group Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa
An Economic Ranking of the US Presidents, 1789–2009
Environmental stress and agricultural landownership in Africa
Jekyll or Hyde
The costs of coercion
Explaining the Development–Civil War Relationship
Rural–urban migration, inequality and urban social disorder
Why do some poor countries see armed conflict while others do not? A dual sector approach
The Politics of Extractivism
Blending Top-Down Federalism with Bottom-Up Engagement to Reduce Inequality in Ethiopia
Socioeconomic Inequality and Communal Conflict
Is There a Tradeoff Between Democratization and Stability? A Typological Analysis of the Third‐Wavers, 1974–2014
The middle class and the modalities of political protest
Economic Inequality and Nonviolent Protest
Arms and Elections
Predicting armed conflict using protest data
Land Reform Versus Repression in Counterinsurgency
Land reform and rural conflict. Evidence from 1930s Spain
Seeds of peace? Land reform and civil war recurrence following negotiated settlements
Social cleavages, wartime experience, and ethnic cleansing in Europe
State Networks and Intra-Ethnic Group Variation in the 2011 Syrian Uprising
Square Pegs in Round Holes
Horizontal Inequalities and Ethnonationalist Civil War
The Arc of Modernization
The Logic of Illicit Flows in Armed Conflict
A Conditional Model of Local Income Shock and Civil Conflict
Autocratic Institutions and Civil Conflict Contagion
Mobilization, Repression, and Revolution
Time Is Power
Preferential Trade Agreements, Income Inequality, and Authoritarian Survival
Electoral authoritarianism and democracy
It’s the Local Economy, Stupid! Geographic Wealth Dispersion and Conflict Outbreak Location
The Diffusion of Nonviolent Campaigns
Redistributive Preferences and Protests in Latin America
Poor Prospects—Not Inequality—Motivate Political Violence
Lockdown and Unrest
Social Mobility and Political Instability
Economic Grievances and Civil War
Rural Grievances, Landholding Inequality, and Civil Conflict
The Great Recession, Inequality and Occupy Protests around the World
Appeasing Workers without Great Loss
Views of Economic Inequality in Latin America
Leftist Insurgency in Democracies
Origins and Persistence of Economic Inequality
No Business Like Firc Business
Electoral Institutions and Electoral Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa
Inequality and Redistribution
The Conditional Relationship between Inequality and Development
Lessons of New Democracies for China
Agrarian Inequality and Civil War Revisited
Grievances, economic wealth, and civil conflict
Why class inequality breeds coups but not civil wars
Fraud, grievances, and post-election protests in competitive authoritarian regimes
Inequality and Political Representation in the Philippines and Singapore
Thinking outside the (temporal) box to explain protracted intrastate conflict
Democracy and armed conflict
Democracy, Development, and the International System
The Semblance of Democratic Revolution
Inequality and Regime Change
Aid as a Tool against Insurgency
Struggling to Perform the State
Estimating Effectiveness of the Control of Violence and Socioeconomic Development in Colombia
Political Order in Changing Societies
Structure and change in economic history
From mobilization to revolution
Prospects of Democracy
The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development
Fractionalization
Ethnonationalism
Power and Prosperity
A New Data Set Measuring Income Inequality
Greed and grievance in civil war
Growth, income distribution, and democracy
Inequality Among World Citizens
The Logic of Violence in Civil War
Democracy and Redistribution
The Correlates of War Data On War
A Rational Theory of the Size of Government
Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict
A framework for analyzing the state in economic history
Advanced Econometrics
The Revolution. Social-Change Nexus
Natural Resources, Conflict, and Conflict Resolution
Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy
Ethnic groups in conflict
Making Democracy Work
Inequality and Instability
Sensitivity Analysis of Empirical Results on Civil War Onset
Primary Commodity Exports and Civil War
Bones of Contention
A Closer Look at Oil, Diamonds, and Civil War
The quality of government
Why do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output Per Worker than Others
States and Social Revolutions
What Is Civil War
Do Institutions Cause Growth
Income Inequality, Regime Repressiveness, and Political Violence
Armed Conflict 1946-2001
Rulers and the Ruled
Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War
Blood and Debt
States and Social Revolutions
| Unique citing works | 81 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,76 |
| Citation span | 2009 - 2026 (18) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 81 |