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Are valence and arousal related to the development of amodal representations of words? A computational study

Bibliographic Data

ID7149975
AuthorsJosé Ángel Martínez-Huertas (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia), José Ángel Martínez‐Huertas (0000-0002-6700-6832, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia), Guillermo Jorge-Botana (Universidad Complutense de Madrid), Guillermo Jorge‐Botana (0000-0001-5879-6783, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, corresponding author), Alejandro Martínez-Mingo (0000-0002-8375-0952, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Diego Iglesias (0000-0002-9160-9959, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Ricardo Olmos (0000-0002-1298-6861, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid)
Year2025
Volume39
Issue7
Pages1465-1473
Publication date2025-10-03
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueCognition & Emotion (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0269-9931 • E-ISSN: 1464-0600
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/02699931.2023.2283882
PMID37987756
OpenAlexW4388866481
LanguageEN
Citations received4
References cited23

In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the amodal (semantic) development of words and two popular emotional norms (emotional valence and arousal) in English and Spanish languages. To do so, we combined the strengths of semantics from vector space models (vector length, semantic diversity, and word maturity measures), and feature-based models of emotions. First, we generated a common vector space representing the meaning of words at different developmental stages (five and four developmental stages for English and Spanish, respectively) using the Word Maturity methodology to align different vector spaces. Second, we analyzed the amodal development of words through mixed-effects models with crossed random effects for words and variables using a continuous time metric. Third, the emotional norms were included as covariates in the statistical models. We evaluated more than 23,000 words, whose emotional norms were available for more than 10,000 words, in each language separately. Results showed a curve of amodal development with an increasing linear effect and a small quadratic deceleration. A relevant influence on the amodal development of words was found only for emotional valence (not for arousal), suggesting that positive words have an earlier amodal development and a less pronounced semantic change across early lifespan

Age of Acquisition · Amodal perception · Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Child and Animal Learning Development · Language Development and Disorders · Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism · Psychology

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Unique citing works4
Citations per year4
Citation span2025 - 2026 (2)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 4

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