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National Context, Parental Socialization, and Religious Belief

Results from 15 Nations

Bibliographic Data

ID7257007
AuthorsJay Kelley (0000-0001-5186-5563, Australian National University), Jonathan Kelley, N D De Graaf (0000-0002-4405-4612, Radboud University Nijmegen)
Year1997
Volume62
Issue4
Pages639-639
Publication date1997-08-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueAmerican Sociological Review (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0003-1224 • E-ISSN: 1939-8271
PublisherSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.2307/2657431
OpenAlexW2103241430
LanguageEN
Citations received164
References cited20

ear regression to control for a nation's level of economic development and exposure to Communism, andfor the individual's denomination, age, gender, and education. We find that (1) people living in religious nations will, in proportion to the religiosity of their fellow-citizens, acquire more orthodox beliefs than otherwise similar people living in secular nations; (2) in relatively secular nations, family religiosity strongly shapes children's religious beliefs, while the influence of national religious context is small; (3) in relatively religious nations family religiosity, although important, has less effect on children's beliefs than does national context. These three patterns hold in rich nations and in poor nations, in formerly Communist nations and in established democracies, and among old and young, men and women, the welleducated and the poorly educated, andfor Catholics and Protestants. Findings on the link between belief and church attendance are inconsistent with the influential supply-side analysis of differences between nations. R eligion remains a central element of modern life, shaping people's worldviews, moral standards, family lives, and in many nations, their politics. But in many Western nations, modernization and secularization may be eroding Christian beliefs, with profound consequences that have intrigued sociologists since Durkheim. Yet this much touted secularization may be overstated-certainly it varies widely among nations and is absent in the United States

Belief system · Context (archaeology · Epistemology · Ethnology · Geography · Religious belief · Socialization · Sociology · Culture, Economy, and Development Studies · Philosophy · Psychology · Religion and Society Interactions · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology · Social Psychology

  • National Religious Context and Familial Religiosity within a Jewish Framework

    Bernard Lazerwitz, Ephraim Tabory•Review of Religious Research•2002

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    Wolfgang Jagodzinski•Die Diagnosefähigkeit der…•1998

  • Collective Beliefs, Sociological Explanation of

    Open Access•Michel Dubois•International Encyclopedia of the…•2015

  • What Does God Require? Understanding Religious Context and Morality

    Christopher D Bader, Roger Finke•Handbook of the sociology of…•2010

  • Religious Voting in Western Democracies

    José Ramón Montero, Paolo Segatti et al.•Religious Voting in Western…•2023

  • The Intergenerational Transmission of Religion

    Open Access•Jonathan Jong, Jonathan Lewis-Jong et al.•The Intergenerational Transmission…•2026

  • Pornography Consumption as a Threat to Religious Socialization

    L Perry, Samuel L Perry•Sociology of Religion•2015

  • Religious Diversity Reconsidered

    Open Access•Chaeyoon Lim, N D De Graaf•Sociology of Religion•2021

  • Do as I Say and as I Do

    Chris Bader, C D Bader et al.•Sociology of Religion•2006

  • Schooling or Social Origin

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    Aafke Dohmen, Ellen Verbakel et al.•Mens & Maatschappij•2010

  • Sacred trust and secular impact

    Open Access•Lloyd George Banda, Liviness Master Phiri et al.•Cogent Social Sciences•2026

  • The effect of immigration on religious beliefs and practices

    Open Access•Mihaela Mocanu, Anca-Diana Bibiri•Journal of European Studies•2025

  • Does Religious Group Population Share Affect the Religiosity of the Next Generation

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  • Individual Personality, Values, and Tax Morale Among the Self‐Employed

    Open Access•Kristine Velasquez Tuliao•Business Ethics, the Environment…•2026

  • Prejudice Against Immigrants Symptomizes a Larger Syndrome, Is Strongly Diminished by Socioeconomic Development, and the UK Is Not an Outlier

    Open Access•M D R Evans, Jay Kelley et al.•Frontiers in Sociology•2019

  • The primacy of ontology

    Open Access•Lamia Irfan, Muzammil Quraishi et al.•Journal of Critical Realism•2022

  • Nurturing well‐being through religious commitment

    Richard Rymarz•International Journal of Children…•2009

  • Drifting from the mainstream

    Richard M Rymarz, Richard Rymarz et al.•International Journal of Children…•2006

  • Going to church

    Richard Rymarz, John Graham•Journal of Beliefs and Values•2005

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    Richard Rymarz•Journal of Beliefs and Values•2007

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    Open Access•Zaje A T Harrell, K E Powell et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2014

  • Materialism and Life Satisfaction

    Open Access•Varapa Rakrachakarn, George P Moschis et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2015

  • Parents, Children and the Distance between Them

    Eva Jaspers, Marcel Lubbers et al.•Journal of Comparative Family…•2008

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    Peer Scheepers, Frans Van Der Slik•Journal for the Scientific Study…•1998

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    Open Access•Alice H Eagly•The Leadership Quarterly•2005

  • Socio-cultural variation in attitudes to adolescents’ decision-making

    Glòria Durà-Vilà, Glòria Durà‐Vilà et al.•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2017

  • The Contemporary Debate on Secularization and Its Cross‐National Variation

    Open Access•Valeria Rainero, Ruud Luijkx•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2026

  • Religious Pluralism and Social Networks

    Open Access•Elis Carlberg Larsson•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2026

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    Open Access•J Stolz•Social Compass•2020

  • The Relationship of Jewish Community Contexts and Jewish Identity

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  • Ethnic ingroup friendships in schools

    Open Access•Sanne Smith, Ineke Maas et al.•Social Networks•2014

  • Collective religiosity and the gender gap in attitudes towards economic redistribution in 86 countries, 1990-2008

    Open Access•Antonio M Jaime‐castillo, Antonio M Jaime-Castillo et al.•Social Science Research•2016

  • The new income inequality and well-being paradigm

    Open Access•Jay Kelley, Jonathan Kelley et al.•Social Science Research•2017

  • Explaining attitudes about homosexuality in Confucian and non-Confucian nations

    Open Access•Amy Adamczyk, Y H A Cheng et al.•Social Science Research•2015

  • Participation in national celebrations and commemorations

    Open Access•Marcel Lubbers, Roza Meuleman•Social Science Research•2016

  • Understanding the Religious Behaviour of Muslims in the Netherlands and the UK

    Open Access•Ayse Guveli, Lucinda Platt•Sociology•2011

  • The effect of immigration on religious belief and practice

    Open Access•D S Massey, Monica Espinoza Higgins et al.•Social Science Research•2011

  • Culture, memory, and structural change

    Open Access•Jeremy Brooke Straughn•Theory and Society•2009

  • Friends' religiosity and first sex

    Open Access•Amy Adamczyk, Jacob Felson•Social Science Research•2006

  • The persistence of opposition in an oppressive regime

    Open Access•P Minarik•Rationality and Society•2022

  • In God we trust…and Caesar too? Evaluating the link between religiosity and trust in government

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  • A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being

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  • What People Want

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  • Can the activation of analytic cognitive style determine endorsement of secular belief

    Open Access•Joevarian Hudiyana, Idhamsyah Eka Putra et al.•Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology•2019

  • Religious Moral Communities or Secular Tolerance? Individual-, National-, and Regional-Level Explanations for Restrictive Refugee Policy Preferences in Europe

    Open Access•Karen Vaughan•Sociology of Religion•2021

  • Is the Influence of Religiosity on Attitudes and Behaviors Stronger in less Religious or more Religious Societies? A Review of Theories and Contradictory Evidence

    Open Access•Pascal Siegers•KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für…•2019

  • Explaining Death by Tornado

    Open Access•Heidi R Riggio, Joshua Uhalt et al.•Archive for the Psychology of…•2018

  • Class Foundations of Sexual Prejudice toward Gay and Lesbian People

    Open Access•Stef Adriaenssen, Jef Hendrickx et al.•Sexuality Research and Social…•2021

  • Believing and Belonging in Europe

    Open Access•Jan Reitsma, Ben Pelzer et al.•European Societies•2012

  • Searching for comfort in religion

    Open Access•F Molteni, Riccardo Ladini et al.•European Societies•2020

  • Beyond Unbelief

    Open Access•Heiner Meulemann•European Societies•2000

  • Belonging without believing

    Roberto Marchisio, Maurizio Pisati•Journal of Modern Italian Studies•1999

  • The End of Secularisation through Demography? Projections of Spanish Religiosity

    Marcin Stonawski, Vegard Skirbekk et al.•Journal of Contemporary Religion•2014

  • The tilted playing field

    Andrew Greeley, Andrew M Greeley•Journal of Contemporary Religion•1999

  • Religious polarization

    Egbert Ribberink, P Achterberg et al.•Journal of Contemporary Religion•2018

  • Family values and labor force participation

    Open Access•M D R Evans, Jay Kelley et al.•Gender Issues•1999

  • Stigma, Depression, Suicidal Thoughts and Coping of Sexual Minority Youth Raised in Conservative Versus Mainstream Denominations of Christianity

    Open Access•Diana D Van Bergen, Alette Smit et al.•Sexuality & Culture•2023

  • Who Believes in a Male God? Ideological Beliefs and Gendered Conceptualizations of God

    Simon Howard, Debra L Oswald et al.•International Journal for the…•2017

  • Explaining the Varieties of Volunteering in Europe

    Open Access•Bernard Enjolras•Voluntas Revista Internacional de…•2021

  • Disapproval of Homosexuality

    H van den Akker, René van der Ploeg et al.•International Journal of Public…•2012

  • Individual‐Level Determinants of Religious Intergenerational Transmission

    Open Access•Brian Conway, Bram Spruyt et al.•Sociological Forum•2023

  • Family versus school effect on individual religiosity

    Open Access•Masooda Bano, Emi Ferra•International Journal of…•2018

  • Global shifts, theoretical shifts

    Open Access•L Kong•Progress in Human Geography•2010

  • Social Reproduction of Religiosity in the Immigrant Context

    Open Access•Thomas Soehl•International Migration Review•2017

  • Religious Socialisation and Fertility

    Open Access•Caroline Berghammer•European Journal of Population /…•2009

  • Attitudes towards homosexuality among ethnic majority and minority adolescents in Western Europe

    Open Access•N Wuestenenk, Anne Maaike Mulders et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Secular socialization vs. religious reactivity

    Open Access•M Simsek, Karen Phalet•Ethnic and Racial Studies•2024

  • Family Disruption and Intergenerational Reproduction

    Open Access•M Kalmijn•Demography•2015

  • Similar or divergent paths? Religious development of Christian and Muslim adolescents in Western Europe

    Open Access•M Simsek, Fenella Fleischmann et al.•Social Science Research•2019

  • Homonegativity among first and second generation migrants in Europe

    Open Access•Koen Van Der Bracht, Bart Van De Putte•Social Science Research•2014

  • The National Religious Environment and the Orthodoxy of Christian Beliefs

    Open Access•Jan Váně, Martina Štípková•Czech Sociological Review•2013

  • The Role of the State in the Repression and Revival of Religiosity in Central Eastern Europe

    Thomas Müller, T Müller et al.•Social Forces•2012

  • Placing Deviance in a Legal and Local Context

    M Vuolo•Social Forces•2012

  • Religious Decline as a Population Dynamic

    Open Access•F Molteni, Ferruccio Biolcati•Social Forces•2022

  • Religiös-konfessionelle Kultur und individuelle Religiosität

    Open Access•Olaf Müller, D Pollack et al.•KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für…•2013

  • Entwurf einer Theorie religiös-säkularer Konkurrenz

    Open Access•J Stolz•KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für…•2013

  • Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gays Among American and Dutch Adolescents

    Kate L Collier, Stacey S Horn et al.•The Journal of Sex Research•2014

  • Kenyan Religious Leaders’ Views on Same-Sex Sexuality and Gender Nonconformity

    David Kuria Mbote, Theo Sandfort et al.•The Journal of Sex Research•2016

  • Exploring the link between religious beliefs and participation in a global setting

    Zhenxiang Chen•International Journal of Sociology•2026

  • Social Institutions and Sanctioned Behaviors

    Open Access•K Praveen Parboteeah, Martin Hoegl et al.•International Journal of…•2003

  • The relation between religion and depression in Europe

    Open Access•Sarah Van De Velde, Koen Van Der Bracht et al.•International Journal of…•2017

  • Religious dimensions and work obligation

    Open Access•K Praveen Parboteeah, Martin Hoegl et al.•Human Relations•2009

  • Relationships Between Religion and Intolerance Towards Muslims and Immigrants in Europe

    Open Access•Stefanie Doebler•Review of Religious Research•2014

  • Social Correlates of Church Attendance in Three European Catholic Countries

    Open Access•Brian Conway•Review of Religious Research•2013

  • Are Movers More Religious than Stayers? Religiosity of European Majority, Turks in Europe and Turkey

    Open Access•Ayse Guveli•Review of Religious Research•2015

  • The effect of family religious socialization on adult religiosity in the context of secular transition in five Western countries

    Jacob Legault-Leclair•Religion•2026

  • Halfway to Heaven

    Open Access•I Storm•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2009

  • Shifts in religiosity across cohorts in Europe

    Open Access•F Molteni, Ferruccio Biolcati•Social Compass•2018

  • Religion and Democratic Citizenship

    Open Access•Catherine Bolzendahl, Landon Schnabel et al.•Politics and Religion•2019

  • Religion, Gendered Authority, and Identity in American Politics

    Open Access•Erin C Cassese, Mirya R Holman•Politics and Religion•2017

  • Distinguishing institutions and organisations in social change

    Open Access•G Bouma•Journal of Sociology•1998

  • Gender Gaps in Sociopolitical Attitudes

    Alice H Eagly, Amanda B Diekman et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2004

  • Sex differences in value priorities

    Shalom H Schwartz, Tammy Rubel et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2005

  • Can We Explain the Generation Gap in Churchgoing

    Open Access•J Stolz, Oliver Lipps et al.•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2024

  • Religiosity, Secular Participation, and Cultural Socialization

    Open Access•Siobhan Mcandrew, Lindsay Richards•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2020

  • Religious Affiliation and Attendance Among Immigrants in Eight Western Countries

    Open Access•Anne Maaike Mulders, Frank Van Tubergen•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2006

  • The Surprising Predictable Decline of Religion in the United States

    Open Access•Simon Brauer•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2018

  • Hoping for a Godly (White) Family

    Open Access•L Perry, Samuel L Perry•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2014

  • National Context, Parental Socialization, and the Varying Relationship Between Religious Belief and Practice

    Open Access•D Voas, I Storm•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2021

  • Contextual analysis

    Lawrence H Boyd•Contextual analysis•1979

  • Psychology of Religion

    Bernard Spilka, Ralph W Jr Hood et al.•Psychology of Religion•2019

  • Models for status inconsistency and mobility

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  • The sacred canopy

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  • Political Change in Britain

    Open Access•David Butler, Donald Stokes•Political Change In Britain•1971

  • Measuring Christian Beliefs

    Frans Van Der Slik•Journal of Empirical Theology•1994

  • Trends in U.S. Church Attendance

    Glenn Firebaugh, Brian Harley et al.•Journal for the Scientific Study…•1991

  • A Supply-Side Reinterpretation of the "Secularization" of Europe

    Rodney Stark, L R Iannaccone•Journal for the Scientific Study…•1994

  • On the Relative Influence of Mothers and Fathers

    Alan C Acock, Vern L Bengtson•Journal of Marriage and the Family•1978

  • An Interactive Model of Religiosity Inheritance

    Scott M Myers•American Sociological Review•1996

  • The Influence of Home, Church and School on Prayer among Sixteen-Year-Old Adolescents in England

    Leslie J Francis, Laurence B Brown•Review of Religious Research•1991

  • Choosing Models for Cross-Classifications

    Adrian E Raftery•American Sociological Review•1986

  • Partisan Orientations over the Long Haul

    Open Access•M Kent Jenning, M Kent Jennings et al.•American Political Science Review•1984

  • Transmission of Religious and Social Values from Parents to Teenage Children

    Dean R Hoge, Gregory H Petrillo et al.•Journal of Marriage and the Family•1982

  • Determinants of Church Participation and Attitudes among High School Youth

    R Hoge, Robert D Hoge et al.•Journal for the Scientific Study…•1978

  • Specification, Residuals and Contextual Effects

    Open Access•George Farkas•Sociological Methods & Research•1974

  • Husbands' and Wives' Voting Behaviour in Britain

    Open Access•N D De Graaf, A F Heath et al.•Acta Sociologica•1992

  • Class Mobility and Political Preferences

    N D De Graaf, P Nieuwbeerta et al.•American Journal of Sociology•1995

  • Work in Progress Toward a New Paradigm for the Sociological Study of Religion in the United States

    R Stephen Warner, Richard Warner et al.•American Journal of Sociology•1993

  • Religious domains and general well-being

    Open Access•Margaret M Poloma, Brian F Pendleton•Social Indicators Research•1990

Unique citing works164
Citations per year5,86
Citation span1998 - 2026 (29)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 163

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