Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

When can I get angry?” Journalists’ coping strategies and emotional management in hostile situations

Bibliographic Data

ID7478029
AuthorsSigne Ivask (0000-0001-7106-099X, University of Tartu, Estonia, corresponding author), Lenka Waschková Císařová (0000-0002-3307-0801, Masaryk University, Czech Republic), Angelina Lon (University of Tartu, Estonia)
Year2023
Volume25
Issue10
Pages2099-2116
Publication date2023-08-29
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournalism (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1464-8849 • E-ISSN: 1741-3001
PublisherSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/14648849231199895
OpenAlexW4386263581
LanguageEN
Citations received19
References cited36

Research shows that emotional management is often part of journalists’ decision-making in the news creation process and when dealing with attacks, insults, or harassment, which we describe by the umbrella term hostility. Some emotional management strategies can lead journalists to self-censorship or to mental health problems when they do not recognise and deal with emotions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate how journalists react to hostility against them by using emotional coping strategies and emotional management. We carried out 18 semi-structured interviews with news journalists in Estonia from June 2021 to December 2021. The results showed that although hostility is a part of journalists’ everyday work-life, many lack a strategy to deal with it. We can say that there are three types of perceptions and reactions: (1) the thick-skinned journalist who does not see problems with hostility and, therefore, does not take any action against receiving the hostility. (2) The pragmatically conformist journalist who sometimes sees problems with hostility and believes the solution is to grow a thicker skin. (3) The journalist who is not a punching bag and sees a problem in being constantly bombarded by hostility, most of whom seek protection from it or help to fight against it

Harassment · Hostility · Management · Offensive · Perception · Political science · Public relations · Emotional Labor in Professions · Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies · Psychology · Public Relations and Crisis Communication · Social Psychology

  • “I Empathize With Them”

    Kaitlin C Miller•Digital Journalism•2025

  • Mitigating Hostility in Digital Journalism

    Gregory Perreault•Digital Journalism•2024

  • “It is Easier to Leave Death Threats than to Get Them Taken Down!” – Systematising Journalists’ Battles with Online Mobs

    Signe Ivask•Digital Journalism•2025

  • Threats and harassment of Swedish journalists, 10 years on

    Open Access•Monica Löfgren Nilsson, Henrik Örnebring•Journalism•2026

  • Teaching Safety of Journalists

    Open Access•Signe Ivask•Journalism & Mass Communication…•2024

  • Fighting gendered misinformation and harassment on social media for Bangladesh’s female journalists

    Nishat Parvez•Media Asia•2025

  • Repercusiones de la inseguridad en el periodismo chileno

    Open Access•William Porath, Daniela Grassau et al.•Palabra Clave•2025

  • Exit, Voice, Compliance, and Masking

    Arianna Ioki, Ka Kio Mok•Journalism Practice•2026

  • Trauma and journalist’ safety

    Open Access•Leire Iturregui Mardaras, Annette Unda-Endemaño et al.•Journalism•2026

  • Coping as a competency

    Open Access•Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Errol Salamon et al.•Journalism•2026

  • Journalism in Transition

    Open Access•Melkamu Mekonnen Mazengia, Jemal Mohammed Haile et al.•African Journalism Studies•2026

  • Who Wants to be a Journalist? Journalists’ Exposure to Violence on the Job

    Rita Araújo•Journalism Practice•2024

  • Framing as a Survival Strategy in Fragile Media Contexts

    Hossam Elhamy, Azmat Rasul•Journalism Practice•2025

  • Harassed at Work

    Kyung Han You, Jae Sik Ha et al.•Journalism Practice•2026

  • That s**t is Hard to Get Away from”

    Gregory Perreault, Louisa Lincoln et al.•Journalism Practice•2024

  • Journalists’ Harassment Experience Influencing Coping and Job Satisfaction in Korea

    Seok Kang, Jae Sik Ha et al.•Journalism Studies•2026

  • Why We Need Journalism? A Response to Why Pursue a Career in Journalism

    Valérie Bélair-Gagnon•Journalism Studies•2025

  • Foregrounding Collective Trauma

    Open Access•Saadia Izzeldin Malik•Journalism Studies•2025

  • Thriving in Journalism

    Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Logan Molyneux et al.•Journalism Studies•2025

  • Emotion and Journalism

    Karin Wahl-Jorgensen•The Sage Handbook of Digital…•2016

  • The Managed Heart

    Arlie Russell Hochschild•Managed Heart•2012

  • Emotion And Adaptation

    Richard S Lazarus•Emotion and adaptation•1991

  • “Feeling Much Smaller than You Know You Are”

    Marie Hardin, Stacie Shain•Critical Studies in Mass…•2006

  • A Hazardous Profession

    Anthony Feinstein, John Owen et al.•American Journal of Psychiatry•2002

  • “I Realized It Was About Them … Not Me”

    Open Access•Tracy Everbach•Mediating Misogyny•2018

  • Comment on Kemper's "Social Constructionist and Positivist Approaches to the Sociology of Emotions"

    Arlie Russell Hochschild, Arlie Hochschild•American Journal of Sociology•1983

  • Online Harassment and Its Implications for the Journalist–Audience Relationship

    Susan C Lewis, Rodrigo Zamith et al.•Digital Journalism•2020

  • “You can Run, but You Cannot Hide!” Mapping Journalists’ Experiences With Hostility in Personal, Organizational, and Professional Domains

    Open Access•Signe Ivask, Angelina Lon•Journalism & Mass Communication…•2023

  • Gathering emotion

    K Megan Hopper, John Huxford et al.•Journal of Media Practice•2015

  • Negotiating the Conversation

    François-René Martins, Colleen Murrell•Journalism Practice•2021

  • Coping with Occupational Stress in Journalism

    Sallie Hughes, Laura Iesue et al.•Journalism Studies•2021

  • Tired, Hungry, and on Deadline

    Richard Stupart•Journalism Studies•2021

  • Talking Back

    Michael Koliska, Kalyani Chadha et al.•Journalism Studies•2020

  • Reconceptualizing ‘flaming’ and other problematic messages

    Open Access•Patrick B O’sullivan, P B O'Sullivan et al.•New Media & Society•2003

  • Using thematic analysis in psychology

    Open Access•Braun, Virginia Braun et al.•Qualitative Research in Psychology•2006

  • What Makes a Good Journalist

    Antje Glück•Journalism Studies•2016

  • Do You Belong in Journalism

    Linda Steiner•American Journalism•1994

  • Journalists, harassment, and emotional labor

    Open Access•Kaitlin C Miller, Susan C Lewis•Journalism•2020

  • You really have to have a thick skin

    Open Access•Gina M Masullo, Gina Masullo Chen et al.•Journalism•2018

  • Mapping the emotional labor and work of visual journalism

    Open Access•Tony Thomson•Journalism•2018

  • Rethinking professional autonomy

    Open Access•Sallie Hughes, Mario Garcés et al.•Journalism•2016

  • Newspaper journalism in crisis

    Open Access•Scott Reinardy•Journalism•2011

  • What is journalism

    Open Access•Mark Deuze•Journalism•2005

  • Precarious Passion or Passionate Precariousness? Narratives from co-research in Journalism and Editing

    Open Access•Cristina Morini, Kristin Carls et al.•Recherches Sociologiques•2014

  • An Analysis of Coping in a Middle-Aged Community Sample

    Susan Folkman, Richard S Lazarus•Journal of Health and Social…•1980

  • Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure

    Arlie Russell Hochschild•American Journal of Sociology•1979

Unique citing works19
Citations per year9,5
Citation span2024 - 2026 (3)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 19

Tools

Open DOIOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae