Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Set Relations in Social Research

Evaluating Their Consistency and Coverage

Bibliographic Data

ID7971099
AuthorsC C Ragin (0000-0001-7931-5408, University of Arizona, corresponding author)
Year2006
Volume14
Issue3
Pages291-310
Publication date2006-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenuePolitical Analysis (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1047-1987 • E-ISSN: 1476-4989
PublisherCambridge University Press (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1093/pan/mpj019
OpenAlexW2150935468
LanguageEN
Citations received385
References cited15

Because of its inherently asymmetric nature, set-theoretic analysis offers many interesting contrasts with analysis based on correlations. Until recently, however, social scientists have been slow to embrace set-theoretic approaches. The perception was that this type of analysis is restricted to primitive, binary variables and that it has little or no tolerance for error. With the advent of “fuzzy” sets and the recognition that even rough set-theoretic relations are relevant to theory, these old barriers have crumbled. This paper advances the set-theoretic approach by presenting simple descriptive measures that can be used to evaluate set-theoretic relationships, especially relations between fuzzy sets. The first measure, “consistency,” assesses the degree to which a subset relation has been approximated, whereas the second measure, “coverage,” assesses the empirical relevance of a consistent subset. This paper demonstrates further that set-theoretic coverage can be partitioned in a manner somewhat analogous to the partitioning of explained variation in multiple regression analysis

Binary relation · Consistency (knowledge bases · Data mining · Discrete mathematics · Econometrics · Fuzzy logic · Fuzzy set · Measure (data warehouse · Relation (database · Relevance (law · Set (abstract data type · Variation (astronomy · Computer Science · Mathematics · Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research · Artificial Intelligence · Theoretical Computer Science

  • Decoding customer satisfaction in shared accommodation in historic districts

    Open Access•Yan Wang, Xin Hou et al.•Annals of Tourism Research…•2026

  • Fit matters - support configurations and sustainability venture survival

    Open Access•Carolin Blauhut, Christina Ungerer et al.•Sustainable Futures•2026

  • Colonialism and the Blue Economy

    Open Access•Tim Clark, Andrés M Cisneros-Montemayor et al.•Conservation Ecology•2024

  • Qualitative Comparative Analysis

    Patrick A Mello•Routledge Handbook of Foreign…•2022

  • Policy-Making and Public Management

    Open Access•Alberto Asquer, Valentina Mele•The Palgrave Handbook of Public…•2018

  • Substitutes or Complements? A Configurational Examination of Corporate Governance Mechanisms

    Vilmos F Misangyi, Abhijith G Acharya•Academy of Management Journal•2014

  • A mixed methods UTAUT2-based approach to assess mobile health adoption

    Open Access•Paulo Duarte, José Carlos M R Pinho•Journal of Business Research•2019

  • A set-theoretic approach to organizational configurations

    Peer C Fiss•Academy of Management Review•2007

  • CEO compensation in relation to worker compensation across countries

    Open Access•Thomas Greckhamer•Strategic Management Journal•2016

  • Fuzzy

    Open Access•K C Longest, Vaisey et al.•The Stata Journal: Promoting…•2008

  • Parsimony and Causality

    Open Access•Michael Baumgartner•Quality & Quantity•2015

  • Fuzzy-set method in comparative social policy

    Open Access•Sophia Seung-Yoon Lee•Quality & Quantity•2013

  • Do Social Media, Good Governance, and Public Trust Increase Citizens’ e-Government Participation? Dual Approach of PLS-SEM and fsQCA

    Open Access•Marlan Hutahaean, Ixora Javanisa Eunike et al.•Human Behavior and Emerging…•2023

  • Implementing multiple intervention strategies in Dutch public health-related policy networks

    Open Access•J Harting, Dorothee Peters et al.•Health Promotion International•2019

  • L2 Selves, Control-Value Appraisals, and Engagement in AI-Supported Informal Digital Learning of English

    Open Access•Xueheng Zhou, Honggang Liu•Journal of Intelligence•2026

  • More than the sum? A configurational approach to basic psychological needs, mindset, and buoyancy in EFL engagement

    Open Access•Long Qian, Xuyan Qiu•Innovation in Language Learning…•2026

  • Turning the League Tables

    Chris Moos•Academy of Management Learning &…•2026

  • Decoding green servicescape effects on hotel revisit intention

    Open Access•Suxia Chen, Zhen Chen et al.•Tourism and Hospitality Research•2026

  • Narrative marketing

    Open Access•Jie Yin, Huantao Chen et al.•Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism…•2026

  • Designing Business Models in Sustainability-Driven Hybrid Organizations

    Open Access•Valentina De Marchi, Simone Carmine et al.•Business & Society•2026

  • The circular economy and the sustainable development goals

    Open Access•Fàtima Vidal-Ayuso, Carmen Jaca et al.•Cleaner and Responsible Consumption•2026

  • Disentangling the migration-development nexus using QCA

    Open Access•Mathias Czaika, Marie Godin•Migration and Development•2022

  • Luxury tourism and purchase intention factors

    Open Access•Eloy Gil‐Cordero, Pablo Ledesma‐Chaves et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2023

  • Analyzing the configuration of the National Innovation System for Innovation Capability

    Open Access•Yangjie Huang, Sihui Li et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2024

  • Greening China’s digital economy

    Open Access•Xuemei Xie, Yuhang Han et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2024

  • What mode is conducive to an effective regional IP regime? Evidence from intellectual property courts in China

    Open Access•Zou Lin, Zhu Yiwen•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2024

  • How to choose an organization pattern in the innovation of the complex product systems

    Open Access•Jie Hou, Zhang Meili et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2025

  • Public sector corruption in South Asia

    Open Access•Jinwon Han, Chanwahn Kim•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2025

  • Unpacking the combinations of board characteristics for CSR

    Open Access•Yexin Liu, Weiwei Wu•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2025

  • Organizational value and participatory leadership for sustaining the competitive advantages of hospitality and tourism companies

    Open Access•Eloy Gil‐Cordero, Pablo Ledesma‐Chaves et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2023

  • Digital entrepreneurial ecosystem and female entrepreneurial activity

    Open Access•Yangjie Huang, Jiali Zhang et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2025

  • Unraveling key factors enhancing female entrepreneurial performance in China

    Open Access•Yangjie Huang, Yue Yuan et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2025

  • Explaining Chinese ethnic minority adolescents’ self-disclosure on social media with fsQCA

    Open Access•Qingqing Hu, Yan Yue et al.•Cogent Social Sciences•2025

  • The improvement path of depression and anxiety among adult women in Shanxi Province, China

    Open Access•Daichao Wu, Dahong Wu et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2025

  • Identifying conditions for a third dose intention of Covid-19 vaccination in college students

    Open Access•Wanqin Gao, Yulin Zhang et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • How do moral hazard behaviors lead to the waste of medical insurance funds? An empirical study from China

    Open Access•Yinghua Qin, Jingjing Liu et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • Pathways for enhancing service capability of primary healthcare institutions

    Open Access•Meijiao Wang, Hongxiao Zhu et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2026

  • Configurational Paths to Higher Efficiency in County Hospital

    Open Access•Gang Yin, Jie Ning et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • How do policies promote the sustainable development of older-adult care industry? A configuration analysis based on policy tools

    Open Access•XiangWei Zhang, Zhengnan Lu et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2024

  • Analysis of Attitudinal Components Towards Statistics

    Open Access•Francisco Rodríguez-Alveal, Angel Peiró-Signes et al.•Education Sciences•2026

  • Economic vulnerability of aquaculture households of elderly people to typhoon disasters and the factors influencing it in the island regions of southeast China

    Open Access•Yi Lyu, Haihong Yuan et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2023

  • Pathways to Safeguarding Digital Sovereignty Within a Multi‐Level Governance Framework

    Open Access•Runze Qu, Yuhang Yuan et al.•Policy & Internet•2025

  • What drives network effectiveness? A configurational approach

    Denita Cepiku, Fausto Giordano et al.•Public Management Review•2021

  • What contributes to the sustainability of self-organized non-profit collaboration in disaster relief?A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis

    Guijuan Tang, Wang Feng•Public Management Review•2022

  • The influence of sustainability indicators on university performance

    Aline Mossim Sato, Gustavo Hermínio Salati Marcondes De Moraes et al.•International Journal of…•2025

  • Coronavirus-induced self-focused adaptation efforts in tourism

    Xue Zhang, Cheng Li et al.•Current Issues in Tourism•2022

  • Tourist engagement and loyalty

    Mostafa Rasoolimanesh, Catheryn Khoo‐lattimore et al.•Current Issues in Tourism•2021

  • Information overload and tourists’ booking discontinuance intention

    Jing Yin, Yeong‐hyeon Hwang•Current Issues in Tourism•2025

  • A reexamination of inbound tourism performance

    Open Access•Aurélie Corne, Sauveur Giannoni et al.•Tourism Economics•2024

  • Unraveling the synergistic impact of soft skills on organizational excellence

    Vandana Kumari, Balvinder Shukla et al.•International Journal of…•2026

  • Does the fuzzy logic model explains more? Moderating effect of personality on the relationship between SR-HRM and job performance

    Open Access•Ela Ozkan-Canbolat, R Arzu Kalemci et al.•International Journal of…•2025

  • Factors influencing continuance intention in blended learning among business school students in China

    Tina Yu, J Dai et al.•Interactive Learning Environments•2024

  • The impact of aesthetics, technological optimism, and technological innovativeness on the acceptance of VR for the education of electrical circuits

    Alejandro Álvarez-Marín, Cristóbal Fernandez Muñoz et al.•Interactive Learning Environments•2026

  • Impact of work connectivity behavior after-hours on employees’ unethical pro-family behavior

    Open Access•Yuanyuan Liu, Qinling Bai et al.•Current Psychology•2024

  • Violence on the front line

    Open Access•Mengmeng Yin, Wei Zhang et al.•Current Psychology•2024

  • Psychological effects of perceived crowding on time displacement behavior

    Open Access•Jie Yin, Xuejie Zheng et al.•Current Psychology•2024

  • How to enhance psychological security of enterprise employees during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Yu Gao, Haiyan Liu•Current Psychology•2024

  • The psychology of crowded exhibitions

    Open Access•Jie Yin, Huantao Chen et al.•Current Psychology•2026

  • Beyond R&D

    Silvia Rita Sedita, Roberto Grandinetti•European Planning Studies•2023

  • Community-based initiatives in the urban realm what conditions their performance

    Open Access•Jurian Edelenbos, Astrid Molenveld et al.•Journal of Environmental Planning…•2021

  • Explaining technology migration against the change in terms of use

    Open Access•Laila Dahabiyeh, Ammar Farooq et al.•Information Technology and People•2024

  • Pathways to low-SES student success in science

    Shaohui Chi, Zuhao Wang•International Journal of Science…•2024

  • Les organisations internationales et la résolution des problèmes mondiaux

    Open Access•Yves Plourde, Anne Sophie Prémont‐Picard•Canadian Journal of Administrative…•2023

  • International Organizations and Global Problem‐Solving

    Open Access•Yves Plourde, Anne Sophie Prémont‐Picard•Canadian Journal of Administrative…•2023

  • Blessed or not? The dual-path influence mechanism of intelligent elderly care service robots' roles on Chinese family caregivers' well-being

    Open Access•Caihua Yu, Siwen Xu et al.•Computers in Human Behavior•2026

  • Pathways to e-participation diffusion

    Open Access•Asunur Cezar•Telematics and Informatics•2024

  • The effects of negative information-related incidents on social media discontinuance intention

    Open Access•Xing-Zheng Xie, Niann-Chung Tsai•Telematics and Informatics•2021

  • The emergence of L2 motivation in Chinese EFL learners’ narratives

    Open Access•C XU, C J Xu et al.•System•2026

  • Institutional configurations and conservation agriculture outcomes

    Open Access•Hongwei Yu, Yufeng Hou et al.•Land Use Policy•2026

  • In- and Out-Group Biases and Public Service Motivation

    Open Access•A Van Witteloostuijn, Jianhong Zhang et al.•International Journal of Public…•2024

  • Revisiting the effects of social networks on enterprise collaboration technology use

    Open Access•M Zhu, Lin Liu et al.•Decision Support Systems•2023

  • Business and Human Rights

    Open Access•Luciano Ciravegna, Federica Nieri•Journal of Business Ethics•2022

  • A Configurational Analysis of the Causes of Consumer Indirect Misbehaviors in Access-Based Consumption

    Open Access•Xiaoling Jin, Xiao-Ling Jin et al.•Journal of Business Ethics•2022

  • Coaching in Context

    Open Access•Maggie Quinn Hannan, Jennifer Lin Russell•Teachers College Record The Voice…•2020

  • Unravelling the differences between collective trolling and collective cyberbullying

    Yonghong Yang, Zhao Pan•Behaviour and Information…•2026

  • Impact of specific features of national quality assurance and higher education systems in the overall quality of higher education—A comparative analysis

    Open Access•Jan Vašenda, Jan Čadil•European Journal of Education•2024

  • What academic mobility configurations contribute to high performance

    Open Access•Junwan Liu, Rui Wang et al.•Scientometrics•2021

  • Relations between academic reputation and innovation networks

    Open Access•Giuseppe Calignano, Elisabeth Winsents•Scientometrics•2024

  • Qualitative Comparative Analysis in Education Research

    Open Access•Sebnem Cilesiz, Thomas Greckhamer•Review of Research in Education•2020

  • Investigating successful sustainable urban mobility in large cities

    Open Access•Federico Iannacci, Simos Chari et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2025

  • How ecosystems coordinate architectures and AI in humanitarian operations? A configurational view

    Open Access•Yuanyuan Guo, Yilang Chen et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2025

  • Sustain(able) urban (eco)systems

    Open Access•Julia Kroh•Technological Forecasting and…•2021

  • An activity system perspective on smart product service systems

    Open Access•Isabel Fischer, Marcel Papert et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2026

  • The role of the SDGs as enhancers of the performance of Spanish wine cooperatives

    Open Access•Adoración Mozas-Moral, Domingo Fernández-Uclés et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2021

  • Assessing an on-site customer profiling and hyper-personalization system prototype based on a deep learning approach

    Open Access•Adrian Micu, Alexandru Capatina et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2022

  • The empirical study of digital marketing strategy and performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

    Open Access•Chih-Wen Wu, Chih‐Wen Wu et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2024

  • The worst is not to fail, but to fail to learn from failure

    Open Access•Khalil Rhaiem, Norrin Halilem•Technological Forecasting and…•2023

  • Modelling circular economy capabilities and sustainable manufacturing practices for environmental performance

    Open Access•Innocent Senyo Kwasi Acquah, Judith Quaicoe et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2024

  • Pathways to success in equity crowdfunding for sustainable startups

    Open Access•Lucas Pereira de Mello, Gustavo Hermínio Salati Marcondes De Moraes et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2026

  • Unpacking complementarity in innovation ecosystems

    Open Access•Huan Wang, Leven J Zheng et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2024

  • Environmental innovation and cooperation

    Open Access•Valentina De Marchi, F Xavier Molina-Morales et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2022

  • Identifying policy options and responses to water management issues through System Dynamics and fsQCA

    Open Access•Stefano Armenia, Federico Barnabè et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2023

  • An exploratory study on users' resistance to mobile app updates

    Open Access•Shihui Fu, Kunkun Xue et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2023

  • Organisational commitment in the digital social innovation context

    Open Access•L Rodrigo, Diana Pérez-Arechaederra et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2022

  • O surto da Covid-19 e as respostas da administração municipal

    Open Access•Nobuiuki Costa Ito, Leandro S Pongeluppe•Revista de Administração Pública•2020

  • The Covid-19 outbreak and the municipal administration responses

    Open Access•Nobuiuki Costa Ito, Leandro S Pongeluppe•Revista de Administração Pública•2020

  • Two-sample test for ambivalent subset relationship in fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis

    Open Access•Francesco Veri•Quality & Quantity•2024

  • Qualitative Comparative Analysis and robust sufficiency

    Open Access•Michael Baumgartner•Quality & Quantity•2022

  • Duality of the transactional psychological contract over motivation

    Open Access•Tiago Gonçalves, Carla Curado et al.•Quality & Quantity•2024

  • Different algorithms, different models

    Open Access•Martyna Daria Swiatczak•Quality & Quantity•2022

  • Diplomacy

    Paul Gordon Lauren•Diplomacy•1979

  • Fuzzy-Set Social Science

    Charles C Ragin•Fuzzy-Set Social Science•2000

  • The bell curve

    Charles A Murray, Richard J Herrnstein•The bell curve•1996

  • Case Studies and Theory Development

    Open Access•Alexander L George•Alexander L. George : A Pioneer…•2019

  • Making It Count

    Stanley Lieberson•Making It Count•1987

  • The Comparative Method

    C C Ragin•Comparative Method•1989

  • Assessing the Trivialness, Relevance, and Relative Importance of Necessary or Sufficient Conditions in Social Science

    Open Access•Gary Goertz•Studies in Comparative…•2006

  • Evidence and Inference in the Comparative Case Study

    Douglas Dion•Comparative Politics•1998

  • The Methodology of Necessary Conditions

    Bear F Braumoeller, Gary Goertz•American Journal of Political…•2000

  • Social Science Concepts

    Gary Goertz•Social Science Concepts•2005

  • Dictatorial Peace

    Open Access•Mark Peceny, Caroline C Beer et al.•American Political Science Review•2002

  • Bridging the Gap between the Qualitative and Quantitative Worlds? A Retrospective and Prospective View on Qualitative Comparative Analysis

    Open Access•Benoît Rihoux•CAM•2003

Unique citing works385
Citations per year19,25
Citation span2006 - 2026 (21)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 382

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae