The Educational Gradient of Childbearing within Cohabitation in Europe
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 7980641 |
|---|---|
| Authors | B Perelli-Harris (0000-0001-8234-4007, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research), Brienna Perelli‐harri, Wendy Sigle‐rushton, Wendy Sigle (0000-0002-8450-960X, London School of Economics and Political Science), Michaela Kreyenfeld (0000-0001-9420-3818, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research), Trude Lappegård (0000-0002-2813-7645, Statistics Norway), Renske Keizer (0000-0003-4051-1406, Erasmus University Rotterdam), Caroline Berghammer (0000-0003-4955-8729, Vienna Institute of Demography) |
| Year | 2010 |
| Volume | 36 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 775-801 |
| Publication date | 2010-12-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Population and Development Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0098-7921 • E-ISSN: 1728-4457 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00357.x |
| PMID | 21174870 |
| OpenAlex | W2166986048 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 172 |
| References cited | 53 |
Nearly every European Country has experienced some increase in nonmarital childbearing, largely due to increasing births within cohabitation. Relatively few studies in Europe, however, investigate the educational gradient of childbearing within cohabitation or how it changed over time. Using retrospective union and fertility histories, we employ competing risk hazard models to examine the educational gradient of childbearing in cohabitation in eight countries across europe. In all countries studied, birth risks within cohabitation demonstrated a negative educational gradient. When directly comparing cohabiting fertility with marital fertility, the negative educational gradient persists in all countries except Italy, although differences were not significant in Austria, France, and West Germany. To explain these findings, we present an alternative explanation for the increase in childbearing within cohabitation that goes beyond the explanation of the Second Demographic Transition and provides a new interpretation of the underlying mechanisms that may influence childbearing within cohabitation
Cohabitation · Demographic economics · Economics · Fertility · Geography · Population · Sociology · Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences · Demography · Family Dynamics and Relationships · Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
Consistency of the Effects of Female Education on Fertility Across the North–south Demographic Divide in Nigeria, 2003–2013
Multiple Barriers to Economic Opportunity for the “Truly” Disadvantaged and Vulnerable
Vyrų pakartotinos partnerystės
Education and Intended Number of Children in Germany, Moldova and Norway
Education and Fertility
Transition from Cohabitation to Marriage. The Role of Marital Attitudes in Seven Western and Eastern European Countries
Fertility in Austria, Germany and Switzerland
Inequality in Family Formation and Dissolution in Central and Eastern Europe
A Long‐Standing Demographic East–West Divide in Germany
Towards a new understanding of cohabitation
D'un mythe à l'autre
Quantified economic and environmental values through Functional Productization - A simulation approach
The Last Bastion is Falling
A Novel Macro Perspective on Family Dynamics
Shifting Parental Age Differences in High-Income Countries
The Changing Links Between Socioeconomic Status and Single Women's Entry Into Parenthood
Disaster Vulnerability Mapping for a Densely Populated Coastal Urban Area
Emerging Adulthood
The Triple Bind of Single-Parent Families
Second Demographic Transition
Partnership Formation and Dissolution in Western Societies
Diverging Destinies Revisited
Pathways to childlessness in Spain
Gender, education, and family life courses in East and West Germany
When Do Professionals Envision and Trust Fathers as Caregivers over the Course of Giving Birth? A Comparison of Pre- and Postnatal Healthcare Professionals’ Assessments of Fathers in the Netherlands, Germany, and Poland
Partnership Patterns in the United States and across Europe
Trend and Factors of Non-Marital Births in Croatia 1998–2012
From an Alternative to a Precarious Family Form? The Changing Role of Education in Nonmarital Childbearing in Germany
Single motherhood in Ghana
Social, Psychological and Financial Challenges Faced by Men and Women in Live-in Relationships
Perceived economic uncertainties and childbearing intentions among young cohorts in China
The German Family Panel (pairfam). Research Potential and First Results of a Multi-Disciplinary Longitudinal Study on Partnership and Family Dynamics in Germany
The Impact of Advanced Capitalism on Well-being
Social stratification and family change in Japan and Korea
The unexpected rise of cohabitation in the Philippines
Redefining family structures
Partnership dynamics among immigrants and their descendants in four European countries
Can Spatial Diffusion Process Explain Family Changes? A Spatio‐Temporal Analysis of Nonmarital Births Over 50 Years in Belgium (1968–2017)
Why are marriage and family formation increasingly disconnected across Europe? A multilevel perspective on existing theories
Having a child within a cohabiting union in Europe and North America
Changing trends between education, childlessness and completed fertility
Education and transition from cohabitation to marriage in Lithuania
Spatial variation in non-marital fertility across Europe in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries
The increase in cohabitation and the role of union status in family policies
Prostitution or marriage? Evidence from the Nordic model
Non-marital childbearing of migrants and their descendants
Unmarried cohabitation and its fertility in Ireland
Shared Physical Custody
Social Background and the Demographic Life Course
Emerging Adulthood
Is the gender-gap reversal a feedback loop? Demographic factors influencing gender-gap inequalities in tertiary education in European countries
An alternative perspective on the Second Demographic Transition in East Asia
Cohabitation and Child Educational Outcomes
Partnership life courses and completed fertility in Spain
The Relationship Among the Material Welfare, Maternity, and Marital Status of Women in the State of Georgia
The changing face of intimate premarital relationships in Taiwan
Childlessness Among Heterosexual Partnered Individuals
Cross‐National Differences in Income Pooling among Married and Cohabiting Couples
Disaggregating the relationship between precarious employment and delayed marriage in Japan
Psychological distress of marital and cohabitation breakups
Cohabitation, post-conception unions, and the rise in nonmarital fertility
So happy together … Examining the association between relationship happiness, socio-economic status, and family transitions in the UK
Fertility Patterns of Child Migrants
The changing inter-relationship between partnership dynamics and fertility trends in Europe and the United States
Mutations des familles et des ménages
The institutional and cultural framing of the educational stratification in fertility. A review of the role of labor market institutions and attitudinal orientations
Less Partnering, Less Children, or Both? Analysis of the Drivers of First Birth Decline in Finland Since 2010
Partnership Context of First Births in Russia
The Influence of Partnership Status on Fertility Intentions of Childless Women and Men Across European Countries
Union Histories of Dissolution
How Similar are Cohabiting and Married Parents? Second Conception Risks by Union Type in the United States and Across Europe
Ideational and Economic Causes of the Rise in Non-marital Childbearing in the Czech Republic
Family Formation Trajectories in Romania, the Russian Federation and France
Pooling of Wealth in Marriage
The Spreading of Cohabitation as a Diffusion Process
Understanding Diversity in the Meaning of Cohabitation Across Europe
The Decline in Marriage in Israel, 1960–2007
The Influence of Parental Educational Attainment on the Partnership Context at First Birth in 16 Western Societies
Cohabitation and Mortality Across the Life Course
Socio-Economic Differences in the Prevalence of Single Motherhood in North America and Europe
Spatial Aspects of the Rise of Nonmarital Fertility Across Europe Since 1960
Italian Nonmarital Fertility Ratio
Fertility Intentions and Sexual Orientation
Gender Equity, Opportunity Costs of Parenthood, and Educational Differences in Unintended First Births
Cohabitation and Contraceptive Use in the United States
Is Two Still Best? Change in Parity-Specific Fertility Across Education in Low-Fertility Countries
Childbearing and Marriage
The Influence of Parental Education on Timing and Type of Union Formation
Job Quality and the Educational Gradient in Entry Into Marriage and Cohabitation
Mind the “Happiness” Gap
The Social Significance of Interracial Cohabitation
Change in the Stability of Marital and Cohabiting Unions Following the Birth of a Child
Union Transitions and Fertility Within First Premarital Cohabitations in Canada
Diffusion of Childbearing Within Cohabitation
Childbearing Across Partnerships in Australia, the United States, Norway, and Sweden
Contribution of the Rise in Cohabiting Parenthood to Family Instability
Are Rural Areas Holdouts in the Second Demographic Transition? Evidence From Canada and the United States
Cross-National Comparisons of Union Stability in Cohabiting and Married Families With Children
Educational differentials in cohabitors' marriage intentions at different childbearing stages in seven European countries
Premarital Pregnancy in China
Recent demographic developments in Europe.
Promises I Can Keep
Streetwise
Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society
The Effects of Education on Political Opinions
Women's Employment and Non-Marital Childbearing
Increasing fertility in cohabiting unions
Bastardy and its comparative history
Globalization, Uncertainty and Youth in Society
Women's Employment and Non-Marital Childbearing
Dream On
Free Market Ideology and New Women’s Identities in Post-socialist Ukraine
Traces of the Second Demographic Transition in Four Selected Countries in Central and Eastern Europe
Sweeping Changes in Marriage, Cohabitation and Childbearing in Central and Eastern Europe
Union Stability and Stepfamily Fertility in Austria, Finland, France & West Germany
Entry to Marriage and Cohabitation in Russia, 1985–2000
The emergence of Sub-Replacement Family Size Ideals in Europe
Men’s career development and marriage timing during a period of rising inequality
Education and the changing age pattern of American fertility
Nonmarital childbearing
Why are cohabiting relationships more violent than marriages
Cohabiting and marriage during young men’s career-development process
Educational attainment and the transition to first marriage among Japanese women
Unmarried cohabitation and union stability
Nonmarital Childbearing in Russia
The Emergence of Lowest‐Low Fertility in Europe During the 1990s
Value Orientations and the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) in Northern, Western and Southern Europe
Overview Chapter 6
Diverging destinies
Marriage and childbirth as factors in dropping out from school
The Second Demographic Transition in the United States
The Ties that Bind
Does marriage require a stronger economic underpinning than informal cohabitation
Early traces of the Second Demographic Transition in Bulgaria
Shifting Childrearing to Single Mothers
Low Fertility and the State
Overview Chapter 4
Cohabitation and children's living arrangements
Russian Federation
Life-table representations of family dynamics in Sweden, Hungary, and 14 other FFS countries
Cohabitation versus Marriage
Is Marriage a Panacea? Union Formation Among Economically Disadvantaged Unwed Mothers
A Renewed Social Institution
High Hopes but Even Higher Expectations
The role of cohabitation in family formation
Childhood poverty, early motherhood and adult social exclusion
Qualitative Research and the Evidence Base of Policy
| Unique citing works | 172 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 11,47 |
| Citation span | 2011 - 2026 (16) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 155 |